最新阅读理解社会文化练习及解析.docx

最新阅读理解社会文化练习及解析.docx

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最新阅读理解社会文化练习及解析

最新阅读理解（社会文化）练习及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

TheatersofthePast

   TheGreekTheater

   TheatersdevelopedinmanypartsofGreece.AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.Duetothis,actorsplacedemphasisonexaggerated（夸张的）actionandspeech.And,colorfulsymbolicmasksandcostumeswereused.

   TheMedievalTheater

   TheMedievaltheaterstartedinchurches.That'swhymedievalplayswereaboutBiblestories.Atfirst,itbecameacustomforpriests（牧师）toactoutbriefscenesduringChristmasandEaster.Theseactsattractedlargecrowds.Finallythechurchrefusedtoallowprieststoparticipateinanysucheventsagain,soordinarypeoplebegantheseperformancesoutside.Performancesweresetinthetownsquare,withseveralstagesettingsaroundit.

   TheElizabethanTheater

   TheEngland'stheaterdevelopedrapidlyintheyearsfollowingthedefeatoftheSpanishNavy.ThedominantfeatureofElizabethantheaterwasthestage.Ithasthreeparts:

Theforestageforoutsidescenes;theinnerstageforscenesinsideabuilding;anupperstageorbalconyforvariouspurposes.Thereasonforthisdesignisthattherewerenoscenechanges,orbreaksduringtheplay.Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.Thisledtoamorepoeticscript,andpoetsbecamethemainsourceofscriptwriting.

   TheRestorationTheater

   Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplayswerereallyfunny.Manyspecializedmachineswereusedtocreatethescene.Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters（百叶窗）werepaintedwiththescene.

（1）WhywereancientGreektheatersbuiltonhills?

A.Toholdalargeaudience.

B.Tobuildabigandstrongstage.

C.Tohaveabettersoundeffect.

D.Toemphasizeexaggeratedperformances.

（2）Inwhichtheatercouldactors'voicesandspeechhelpcreatescenes?

A.TheGreekTheater.

B.TheMedievalTheater.

C.TheElizabethanTheater.

D.TheRestorationTheater.

（3）WhatisspecialabouttheRestorationTheater?

A.Colorfulmaskswereused.

B.Thestagewassmartlydesigned.

C.Mostofitsplaysweresorrowful.

D.Ordinarypeopleweretheperformers.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个古代的剧院。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据TheGreekTheater部分中的“AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.”古希腊的剧院建在自然开阔的地方，建在形状方便的山上。

这使得一大群人可以一次欣赏一场演出，可知，希腊剧院建在山上是为了让更多的观众可以一起欣赏演出。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据TheElizabethanTheater部分中的“Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.”布景用得很少，所以演员们不得不通过他们的声音和对话来创造一个场景，可知，在TheElizabethanTheater,演员的声音和言语能帮助创造场景。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据TheRestorationTheater部分中的“Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters（百叶窗）werepaintedwiththescene.”舞台是一个非常聪明的想法，因为舞台两侧的大背板上都画着场景）可知，在TheRestorationTheater舞台设计非常巧妙。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   TheUnitedStatesishometo562recognizedAmericanIndianNationseachwithitsownlanguage.

   Yetthenumberofnative.Americanswiththeabilitytospeaktheirtribe'slanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastcentury.

   Now,IndianNationsaretryingdifferentwaystoexpandthenumberofnativespeakers,andincreaseinterestintheircommunitiestolearntriballanguages.

   Sincethelate1800smanyAmericanIndianchildrenhaveattendedboardingschools.Atthattime,Indianchildrenwererequiredtoattendschoolsbylaw,andthegovernmentforcedIndianfamiliestosendtheirchildrentosuchschools.

   Thechildrenwereseparatedfromtheirfamilies.andgivenEnglishnameTheteachersoftentaughtnativeAmericanstudentsinEnglish,insteadofthelanguageoftheirparents.TheyweretoldtheyneededtolearnEnglishinordertogetajob,earnmoneyandbuyahouseornicethings.

   However,fearingalossofhistoryandculture,theIndianNationsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoincreasethelanguageabilityoftribalmembers.

   Atleastoneorganizationisturningtomoderntechnology---TheSealaskaHeritageInstitute,anonprofitgroup,hasdevelopedtwoappsforspeakersoftheTlingitlanguage.

   The"LearningTlingit"appservesasareferenceforimportantlanguagetopicssuchasconversationphrases,number,andletters.

   TheTlingittribehasabout10,000members.TheylivemainlyinsoutheasternAlaska.Butasof2013,thetribehadonly125nativespeakersleft.inaddition,veryfewyoungpeopleareabletospeakTlingit.

   Currentlytherearetwoapps,called"LearningTlingit"and"TlingitLanguageGames".The"LearningTlingit"appservesasalanguageguide.ItprovidesTlingitwordsandexpressions,thetribalalphabet,aswellasabasiclistofthewordsincluded.Withthe"TlingitLanguageGames"app,usersaregivenachoiceofdifferentplacesofenvironments,likeahouse,forestorocean.

（1）WhatistheproblemthenativeAmericansarefacingnow?

A.ThenumberofnativeAmericanshasbeenincreasing.

B.FewerandfewernativeAmericansspeaktheirownlanguage.

C.Theirnativelanguagehasbeenextinct.

D.It'shardtoincreasetheinterestofhearingnativelanguages.

（2）WhatwillbetheresultifmoreandmorenativeAmericansonlyspeakEnglish?

A.Theywillgetbetterjobsandhigherpay.

B.TheywillteachtheirownchildrentospeakEnglish.

C.Theywilllosetheirhistoryandculture.

D.Theywillgetalongwellwiththegovernment.

（3）WhatcanweknowaboutTlingit?

A.Itcanhelpthenativepeopleknowsomelanguagetopics.

B.Itcanhelpthe:

nativepeopleearnmoneyandbuya.houseornicethings

C.Itisaverypopularappamongthenativespeakers

D.Itisanativelanguagespokenbyfewerthan200people.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.AmericanIndiantribes'effortstoincreasenativespeakers.

B.ReasonsforthedisappearanceofsomeAmericanIndianlanguages.

C.Waystohelpthenativetribesleadatraditionallife.

D.Thepopularityofthelanguagelearningapps.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Yetthenumberofnative.Americanswiththeabilitytospeaktheirtribe'slanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastcentury.”但是能说他们本族语言的本地美国人的数量在过去的一个世纪中已将减少。

可知，会说本族语的美国土著的人数在过去的一个多世纪中已经减少了，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的“However,fearingalossofhistoryandculture,theIndianNationsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoincreasethelanguageabilityoftribalmembers.”然而，害怕失去自己的 历史和文化，许多印第安部落尝试新的方法来提升族人的本族语使用能力。

可知，如果越来越多的族人只说英语，他们将会失去自己的历史和文化。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第九段中的“TheTlingittribehasabout10,000members.TheylivemainlyinsoutheasternAlaska.Butasof2013,thetribehadonly125nativespeakersleft.”特林吉特部落有大约一万人。

他们主要居住在阿拉斯加东南部。

但是就2013年的统计，这个部落只有125人可以说自己民族的语言，可知，现在仅仅有不到两百人可以说这种语言了，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文前六段描述了美国印第安人在民族语言方面面临的处境以及这一处境引起的担忧，最后四段提出了针对这一问题的解决方案：

美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）来增加本族语使用人数。

选项A中efforts能凸显人们这一问题的担心及在努力寻求解决方案方面所做的努力。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   It'snotunusualtoseeanunreasonablechildlyingonthegrounddrumminghisheels.Besidehimisadesperatemotheryellingatthetopofherlungs.Raisingawell-behavedkidisreallyahead-scratchingthing.

   Ifyoutookalltheparentingstylesaroundtheworldandrankedthembytheirgentleness,theInuit（因纽特人）approachwouldcertainlyranknearthetop.Allthemomsmentiononegoldenrole:

Don'tshoutoryellatsmallchildren.Inuit'sno-yellingpolicyistheircentralcomponenttoraisingcool-headedkids.Thecultureviewsscolding,orevenspeakingtochildreninallangryvoice,asinappropriate,althoughlittlekidsarepushingparents'buttons.

   Playful"storytelling"isanothertricktosculptingkids'behavior.Butthisstorytellingdiffershugelyfromthosefairytalesfullofmorallessons.Parents"retell"whathappenedwhenaboythrewatantrum（发脾气）bywayofwhatShakespearewouldunderstandalltoowell:

puttingona"drama".Afterthechildhascalmeddown,theparentswillreviewwhathappenedwhenthechildmisbehaved,usuallystartingwithaquestion:

"Canyoushowushowtothrowatantrum?

"Thenthechildhastothinkwhatheshoulddo.Ifhetakesthebaitandperformstheaction,themomwillaskafollow-upquestionwithaplayfultone.Forexample:

"Doesthatseemright?

"or"Areyouababy?

"Sheisgettingacrosstheideathat"bigboys"won'tthrowatantrum.

   Kids'brainsarestilldevelopingthecircuitryneededforself-control.Whatyoudoinresponsetoyourchildren'semotionsshapestheirbrains.Sonexttime,seeingyourboymisbehave,tryusingtheInuit'sstorytellingapproach.Anddon'tforgettokeepcool.Afterall,boyswillbeboys.

（1）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"pushingparents'buttons"underlinedinParagraph2?

A. Talkingwithparents.                                        

B. Playingwithparents'buttons.

C. Exposingparents'faults.                                  D. Makingparentsannoyed.

（2）WhatdoweknowaboutInuit's"storytelling"?

A. Itaimsatplayingatrickonkids.                    

B. Itraiseskids'awarenessofmorality.

C. Itcomesafterachildmisbehaves.                  

D. ItanalyzesShakespeare'sdramas.

（3）What'stheauthor'sattitudetochildren'smisbehavior?

A. Cautious                          

B. Tolerant                          

C. Uncaring                          

D. Skeptical

（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A. Inuit'sapproachto