四川大学考博英语真题及答案精编版.docx

四川大学考博英语真题及答案精编版.docx

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四川大学考博英语真题及答案精编版

2014年四川大学考博英语入学考试试题

考生请注意：

1．本试题共5大题，共12页，请考生注意检查，考试时间为180分钟。

2．1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。

3．翻译和作文请答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。

书写要求字迹清楚、工整。

I．ReadingComprehension（30%;onemarkeach）

Directions:

Readthefollowingsixpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?

Certainlynot.Problemstheneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,abureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaxima,productionandconsumptionareendsinthemselves,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisendandshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis____.

[A]anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

[B]workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

[D]ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat____.

[A]theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose____.

[A]whoareatthebottomofthesociety

[B]whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

[D]whocoulddipfirawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould____.

[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

[C]enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

[D]takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof____.

[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction

[C]suspicion[D]susceptibility

PassageTwo

Thegovernment-runcommandpostinTunisisstaffedaroundtheclockbymilitarypersonnel,meteorologistsandcivilians.Onthewallaremaps,crisscrossedwithbrightlycolorsarrowsthatpainstakinglytrackthefearsomepathoftheenemy.

Whatkindofinvadergivesrisetosuchhigh-levelmonitoring?

Notman,notbeast,butthelowlydesertlocust（蝗虫）.Inrecentmoths,billionsofthe3-inch-longwingedwarriorshavedescendedonAlgeria,Libya,MoroccoandTunisia,blackeningtheskyandeatingupcropsandvegetation.Theinsectinvasion,theworstin30years,isalreadycreatinggreatdestructionintheMiddleEastandisnowtreatingsouthernEurope.Thecurrentcrisisbeganinlate1985neartheRedSea.UnusuallyrainyweathermoistenedthesandsoftheSudan,makingthemidealbreedinggroundsforthelocust,whichlaysitseggsintheearth.TheinsectonslaughtthreatenstocreateyetanotherAfricanfamine.Eachlocustcaneatitsweight（notquiteatenthofanounce）invegetationevery24hours.Agood-sizeswarmof50billioninsectseatsup100,000tonsofgrass,treesandcropsinasinglenight.

All$150millionmaybeneededthisyear.TheU.S.hasprovidedtwosprayingplanesandabout50,000gal.ofpesticide.TheEuropeanCommunityhasdonated$3.8millioninaidandtheSovietUnion,Canada,JapanandChinahaveprovidedchemical-sprayingaircrafttohelpwipeoutthepests.Butreliefeffortsarehamperedbytherelativemildnessofapprovedpesticides,whichquicklylosetheirdeadlypunchandrequirefrequentreplications.ThemosteffectivelocustkillerDieldrinhasbeenlinkedtocancerandisbannedbymanyWesterncountriesandsomeoftheaffectedAfricannations.Morethan5millionacreshavebeendustedwithlocust-killingchemicals;another5millionwillbetreatedbytheendofJune.

OnMay30,representativesofTunisia,Algeria,Libya,MoroccoandMauritaniawillmeetinAlgierstodiscusstacticstowipeouttheravenousswarms.Themoveisanimportantstep,butwhateverplanisdevised,thelocustplaguepromisedtogetworsebeforetheinsectscanbebroughtundercontrol.

6.Themainideaofthefirstsentenceinthepassageisthat____.

[A]thecommandpostisstationedwithpeopleallthetime.

[B]thecommandpostiscrowdedwithpeopleallthetime.

[C]thereareclocksaroundthecommandpost.

[D]theclockinthecommandpostistakencareofbythestaff.

7.Thefavorablebreedinggroundforthelocustis____.

[A]richsoil.

[B]wetland

[C]spacescoveredcropsandvegetation

[D]theRedSea

8.Peoplearealertatthethreatofthelocustbecause____.

[A]theinsectsarelikelytocreateanotherAfricanfamine.

[B]theinsectsmayblackenthesky.

[C]thenumberoftheinsectsincreasesdrastically.

[D]theinsectsaregatheringandmovingingreatspeed.

9.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

[A]Oncethepesticidesareused,locustwilldieimmediately.

[B]Reliefeffortsareprovedmostfruitfulduetotheeffectivenessofcertainpesticides.

[C]Dieldrin,themosteffectivelocustkiller,hasbeenwidelyacceptedinmanycountries.

[D]Over10millionacresofaffectedareawillhavebeentreatedwithlocust-killingchemicalsbytheendofJune.

10.ThepurposeforaffectednationstomeetinAlgiersonMay30is____.

[A]todeviseantilocustplans.

[B]towipeouttheswarmsintwoyears.

[C]tocalloutforadditionalfinancialaidfromothernations.

[D]tobringtheinsectsundercontrolbeforetheplaguegetsworse.

PassageThree

TheLondon2012sustainabilitywatchdogembroiledinarowoverthesportsshipoftheOlympicStadiumbyDowChemicalistopushtheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoappointan“ethicschampion”forfutureGames.

TheCommissionforaSustainableLondon2012hasbeenbruisedbycriticismoverDow’ssponsorshipofthewrapthatwillsurroundtheOlympicstadium,particularlysincecommissionerMeredithAlexanderlastmonthresignedinprotest.

CampaignersbelievethatDowhasongoingliabilitiesrelatingtothe1984Bhopaldisasterthatresultedinthedeathsofanestimated20,000peopleandtheseriousinjuryoftensofthousandsmore.Dow,whichboughttheowneroftheplantin2001,insiststhatallliabilitieshavebeensettledinfull.

CommissionchairmanShaunMcCarthysaidthatitstightsustainabilityremitdidnotextendtoactingasmoralguardianoftheOlympicmovementbutthatitwouldpressforsucharoletobecreatedwhenevaluatingsponsorsforfutureGames.

Inadditiontosponsoringthe7mpoundswrapthatwillsurroundtheOlympicStadium,Dowhasaseparate100mdollarssponsorshipdealwiththeIOCthatwassignedin2010.

ButMcCarthyalsodefendedthecommission’sroleinevaluatingtheDowdeal,afterAmnestyInternationalwrotetoLondon2012chairmanLordCoetoraisetheissue.

“Whathasbeenlostinallofthisstoryisthatareallyexcellent,sustainableproducthasbeenprocured,welookedatLocog’sexaminationofDowChemical’scurrentcorporateresponsibilitypoliciesand,again,Dowachievedthathighestscoreinthatevaluation.Weverifiedthat.”saidMcCarthy.

“AsfarasthehistoryisconcernedandissuesaroundBhopal,thereisnodoubtBhopalwasaterribledisasterandsnoreinjusticewasdonetothevictims.Whoisresponsibleforthatinjusticeisamatterforthecourtsandamatterforothers.Wehaveaspecificremitandtermsofreferencethatweoperateunderandwehaveoperateddiligentlyunderthoseterms.”

ThecommissionwillonThursdayreleaseitsannualreview.Itfindsthat“goodpress”hasbeenmadetowandsmanyofLocog’ssustainabilitytarget,butthat“majorchal