高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book1 unit4 earthquakes 新人教版.docx
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高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book1unit4earthquakes新人教版
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book1unit4earthquakes新人教版
重点识记词汇
1.atanend结束;终结 2.rightaway立刻;马上
3.eventn.事件;大事4.rescuen.&vt.援救;营救
5.trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱;困境6.digout掘出;发现
7.buryvt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏8.disastern.灾难;灾祸
9.a(great)numberof许多;大量的10.damagen.&vt.损失;损害
11.uselessadj.无用的;无效的;无益的12.reportern.记者→reportv.报道
13.burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发
14.ruinn.废墟;毁灭vt.毁灭;使破产→inruins严重受损;破败不堪
15.nationn.民族;国家;国民→nationaladj.国家的,民族的→nationalityn.国籍
16.extremeadj.极度的→extremelyadv.极其,非常
17.injurevt.损害;伤害→injuredadj.受伤的→injuryn.伤害;损害
18.electricityn.电;电流;电学→electricadj.用电的;带电的;发电的→electricaladj.与电有关的;电学的
19.frightenvt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightenedadj.受惊的;受恐吓的→frighteningadj.令人恐惧的
20.judgevt.断定;判断;判决n.裁判员;法官;评判员→judgementn.判断,审判,判断力,意见
21.destroyvt.破坏;毁坏→destructionn.破坏→destructiveadj.破坏性的,毁灭性的
22.congratulationn.祝贺;(复数)贺词→congratulatev.祝贺
23.shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊→shockedadj.震惊的→shockingadj.令人震惊的
24.expressvt.表示;表达n.快车;速递→expressionn.词语;表达;表示→expressiveadj.富于表情的;有表现力的
必背经典句式
1.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.
在农家大院里的鸡,甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
2.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!
好像世界末日到了。
3.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.
人们无论朝哪里看,那里的一切都几乎被毁了。
4.Allhopewasnotlost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
5.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.
老鼠跑出田地,寻找地方躲藏。
6.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.
成千上万的家庭被毁,许多孩子成了孤儿。
构词记忆
enable/I′neIbl/vt.使能够;使成为可能;使实现
encourage/In′kʌrIdʒ/vt.鼓励;支持;促进
enlarge/In′lɑːdʒ/vt.扩大;扩充;放大(照片)vi.增大
inruins毁坏;成为废墟
fall/eintoruin逐渐破碎
bring...toruin使……失败;使……毁坏
Heavysmokingruinedhishealth.
过度吸烟损害了他的健康。
Thebadweatherhasruinedallmypleasurefortheholiday.
糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)YearsoffightinghasleftIraqruined(ruin).
(2)Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,pletelyruining(ruin)ourholiday.
(3)Thiscountrywasonceproudofitseducationsystem.Nowitseemstobeinruins.
(4)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.
2
[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查
set/layatrapfor为……设下圈套
becaughtinatrap=fallintoatrap落入陷阱
betrappedin被困在……;使陷入……困境
trapsb.intodoing...诱骗某人做……
Shehadset/laidatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.她给他设下圈套,他就径直钻了进去。
Shewastrappedintheburninghouseatthatmoment.
那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Wereyoujusttryingtotrapherintomakingamistakendecision?
(2)HermotherDonnawastrapped(trap)inthedestroyedbuilding.
(3)MarysetatrapforPeterandhereallyfellintoit.
(4)Trapped(trap)inatrafficjam,hehadtobepatient,waiting.
3
[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查
burysth.in...把……埋在……
buryoneselfin埋头于,专心于
beburiedin专心于
Thepaperwasburiedunderapileofbooks.
那份文件被埋在书堆下。
Shesatthere,buriedinthought.
她坐在那儿,陷入了沉思。
[夯实基础]
(1)用bury的适当形式填空
①Hewalkedslowly,hishandburiedinhispocket.
②Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,buryingherheadinthebookinherhands.
③Theythinkshewasburiedinthedesert,alongwithafewothers.
(2)Becausesheburiedherselfinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.
①Buryingherselfinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)
②Buriedinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
4
[应试指导] 交际用语中的用法
congratulations(tosb.)onsth.就……(向某人)祝贺
Congratulations!
祝贺你!
(口语)
congratulatevt.祝贺,向……道喜
congratulatesb.onsth.为某事向某人祝贺
Congratulationsonyourhappymarriage!
祝贺你喜结良缘!
[特别提醒]
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时,通常用复数形式;作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时,通常用单数形式。
(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.
—Congratulations(congratulate)!
That’sgoodnews.
(2)Icongratulatemyselfonhavingchosenagoodwomantobemywife.
(3)Wecongratulatedhimonhavingpassedtheexam.
5
[多词一义] preparefor,getreadyfor,makepreparationsfor,bepreparedfor
preparefor为……作准备
preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.为某人准备……
bepreparedfor.../todo...准备好……
preparationn.准备
inpreparationfor为……作准备
makepreparationsfor为……作准备
—I’vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.
—Doyoumeanweneedn’tbringanythingwithus?
——我已经准备好了野餐要带的各种食物。
——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了吗?
(湖南,25)
Justinhadopenedseveralbottlesofwineinpreparationfortheparty.
贾斯廷已开了好几瓶葡萄酒为聚会作准备。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)TheForeignMinisterwasnotpreparedforsuchquestions.
(2)Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations(prepare),theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.
(3)—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.
—Iwouldhaveattendedit,butIwasbusypreparing(prepare)forajobinterview.
(4)Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade(make).
(5)Wellprepared(prepare)fortheingexam,hefeltquiteconfident.
6
[应试指导] “think+副词+of”在写作中的运用
thinkmuch/highly/wellof重视;看重;对……高度评价
bewell/highlythoughtof被……高度评价
singhighpraiseof/for高度评价
Igavehimsomeadvice,buthethoughtlittleofit.
我给他提了几条建议,但他根本不理会。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
—HowdidyoufindtheconcertinBeijingGrandTheaterlastnight?
—Ithoughtlittleofit,buttheconductorperformedverywell.
(2)同义句改写
①ShewashighlythoughtofandwascalledoneoftheChinesetenfilialpietystars(中国十大孝星之一).
Highlythoughtof,shewascalledoneoftheChinesetenfilialpietystars.(用过去分词短语改写句子)
②Shethoughtnothingoftravellingaroundtheworldaloneandwentonajourneyonherown.
Thinkingnothingoftravellingaroundtheworldalone,shewentonajourneyonherown.(用现在分词短语改写句子)
7
[应试指导] insteadof连接并列结构
insteadof后面可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、介词短语等。
insteadadv.代替,可置于句首或句末,在句首时常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
Insteadofshoutingemptyslogans,itismoremeaningfultodonatebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.
不要空喊口号,把书和运动物品捐给那些需要的孩子们会更有意义。
(江苏·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Thisorderofyoursissmallerinsteadoflarger(large).
(2)Hewillgoinsteadofme(my).
(3)Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedidsomethinginsteadofjusttalking(talk).
(4)Theywentthereonfootinsteadofbybus.
(5)Theyoungmancouldn’taffordanewcar.Instead,heboughtausedone.
8
[应试指导]
(1)主谓一致
(2)number前冠词的考查
thenumberof...……的数量(作主语时,谓语动词用单数)
表示“许多;大量”的其他表达方式:
+复数名词+复数谓语动词
agreat/goodmanyof+(the,my等)修饰语+复数名词+复数谓语动词
+
不可数名词+单数谓语
动词
+可数或不可数名词+复数谓语动词
+
Anumberofproblemshavearisen.
已经出现了一些问题。
Quantitiesof/Massesoffoodwereonthetable.
饭桌上有许多饭菜。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?
—Becauselargequantitiesofwaterhavebeenpolluted(pollute).
(2)InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing(increase)whosedevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.
(3)Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen(arise)wheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.
1
Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农场里,鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。
(1)too...to...太……而不能……
(2)too...to...与not或never连用时,意为“无论……也不过分,越……越好”。
cannotbetoo...再……也不过分
(3)only/just/buttoo...to...非常……去做(too前的only,just,but不仅没有否定意义,反而加重了too的肯定语气)
(4)tooready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...句型表示肯定,作“过于、太会……”解。
(5)too...notto...表示肯定,含义是“非常……必定能;太……不会不……”。
That’sthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.
那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。
I’llbeonlytoopleasedtobeabletodothejobforyou.
我能为您效劳,真是十分高兴。
[夯实基础]
翻译句子
(1)Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.
活到老学到老。
(2)Youcannotbetoocareful.
小心无过火。
/你再小心也不为过。
/你越小心越好。
(3)Sheistooreadytogetangry.
她动不动就生气。
(4)Maryistoowisenottoknowit.
玛丽很聪明,不会不懂的。
2
all...not=notall...部分否定,也称半否定。
具有总括意义的代词(each,everybody,everything,all,both等)、形容词(plete,whole等)和副词(pletely,always,wholly,altogether等)与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都;并非都”。
而no,none,never,nobody,neither,nothing,nomore,nolonger等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。
Everythingisnotright.并非什么都好。
Nothingcanchangehermind.
没有任何东西能改变她的主意。
[夯实基础]
把下列半否定的句子改为全否定
(1)Noteverythingshedidpleasedhim.
Nothingshedidpleasedhim.
(2)Bothofthemarenotmybrothers.
Neitherofthemismybrother.
(3)Idonotrememberallthedetails.
Iremembernoneofthedetails.
(4)Sheisnotalwaysexcited.
Sheisneverexcited.
3
单元语法
——用定语从句的引导词完成句子
(1)Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.
(2)Thenoodlesthat/whichIhadweredelicious.
(3)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.
(4)Thisistheboywhosepositiontheteachertalkedof.
(5)Thebossinwhosepanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.
高考题组
Ⅰ.短文改错(xx·辽宁)
DearJeremyandAlice,
Althoughwe’vebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors,we’rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.Inaword,yourdog—Cleo.
We’vecalledseveraltimeaboutCleo’searlymorningbarking.Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe’soutside.Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.Beside,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.Thismorningshestartsbarkingevenbefore5o’clock.Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.
Weappreciateourapologiesandgoodwill,butwehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.
Sincerely,
JackandRose
答案
DearJeremyandAlice,
Althoughwe’vebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors,we’rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.Inaword,yourdog—Cleo.
We’vecalledseveral
aboutCleo’searlymorningbarking.Itisdifficultto
whyshebarkseveryminuteshe’soutside.Theearlymorningbarking
beendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.
,Cleotendstobark
averageofsixhoursaday.Thismorningshe
barkingevenbefore5o’clock.Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhow
thehousesare.
Weappreciate
apologiesandgoodwill,butwehopethatyoucanfigure
agoodwayofsettlingthematte