博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

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博士研究生入学考试英语试题

2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

PartI.ReadingComprehension（60%）

Directions:

Inthispartofthetest,therearefourshortpassagesforyoutoread.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA）,B）,C）,orD）andmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheetI.

Passage1

WeliveinsouthernCaliforniagrowinggrapes,afirstgenerationofvintners,ourhomeadjacenttothevineyardsandthewinery.It’saveryprettyplace,andinordertoearnthemoneytorealizeourdreamofmakingwine,weworkedformanyyearsinabusinessthatdemandedseveralhouseholdmoves,anincredibleamountofrisk-takingandlongabsencesfrommyhusband.Whenitwastime,wetradedinouroldlife,cinchedupourbeltsandbeganthecreationofthewinery.

Wemakesmallamountsofpremiumwine,andourlivesaredictatedbytherhythmofnatureandthedemandsofthelivingvines.ThevinesstartsproutingtinygreentendrilsinMarchandApril,andthebabygrapesbegintoforminminiature,soperfectthattheycanbedippedingoldtoformjewelry.Thegrapesswellandripeninearlyfall,andwhentheirsugarcontentisattherightlevel,theyareharvestedcarefullybyhandandcrushedinsmalllots.Thewineisfermentedandtendeduntilitisreadytobebottled.Thevineyardsshedtheirleaves,thevinesareprunedandmadereadyforthedormantmonths---andthenextvintage.

Itsoundsnice,doesn’tit?

Livinginthecountry,ourdaysspentintheancientroutineofthevineyard,knowingthatthecourseofourlivesasvintnerswaschoreographedlongageandthatifwepracticeddiligently,ourwinewouldbegoodandwe’dbesuccessful.Fromthestartweknewtherewasapricefortheprivilegeofbecomingawine-makingfamily,connectedtothelandandthecapricesofnature.

Weworkhardatsomethingwelove,weareslowtopanicoverthedailyemergencies,wearenimbleatsolvingproblemsastheyarise.Somehazardstocompletingasuccessfulvintageareexpected:

rainjustbeforeharvestingcancausemold;electricityunexpectedlyinterruptedduringthecoldfermentationofwhitewinecandamageit;adelayedpaymentfromamajorclientwhenthemoneyisneeded.

Thereareoutsideinfluencesthatdisruptproductionandtakepatience,goodwillandperseverance.[Forexample]theBureauofAlcohol,TobaccoandFirearmsregulateseveryfacetofthewinebusiness.Awinery’srecordsareauditedasoftenastwoorthreetimesayearandeverylabel---newlywrittenforeachyear’svintage---mustbeapproved.…

[But]Thegreatestthreattothewinery,andonethatalmostmadeusloseheart,cameoutofalawyer’simagination.Outlittlewinerywasservednoticethatwewerenamedinalawsuitaccusingusofendangeringthepublichealthbyusingleadfoilsonourbottles（itwastheonlymaterialuseduntilrecently）“withoutwarningconsumersofapossiblerisk.”Thereitwas,ourwinery’snamelistedwiththeindustry’sgiants.…

…Imusthaveaskedahundredtimes:

“Whogetsthemoneyifthelawsuitissuccessful?

”Theanswerwas,andIneverwasabletoassimilateit,theplaintiffsandtheirlawyerswhofiledthesuit!

Sincethelawsuitwasbroughtinbehalfofconsumers,itseemedtomethatconsumersmustgetsomethingifitwasprovedthataleadfoilwasdangeroustothem.Weweretoldoneofthetwoconsumerclaimantswasanemployeeofthefirmfilingthesuit!

Thereareattorneyswhofocustheircareersonlawsuitslikethis.Itisanimmensedangertothesmallbusinessman.Cashreservescanbeusedupintheblinkofaneyewheninthecompanyoflawyers.Aslongasit’spossibleforanyonetosueanybodyforanything,weareallindanger.Aslongasthelegalprofessionallowsmemberstopracticelawdishonorablyandlawyersarecongratulatedforwinningbigmoneyinthisway,we’llbeplaguedwithacorruptiblejusticesystem.

1.Thephrase“cinchedupourbelts”,inthefirstparagraph,suggeststhatthecouple

A.thoughtcreatingawinerywouldbebusy

B.woreclothingthatwastoobig

C.strappedtheirbelongingstogetherandmoved

D.preparedforthedifficultworkahead

2.Thegrapesareharvestedonadatethat

A.mayvary.

B.dependsontheapprovaloftheregulatorybureau.

C.istraditionallyset.

D.isdeterminedbyavailabilityofpickers.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thelifeofvintnersismostcontrolledby

A.theBureauofAlcohol,TobaccoandFirearms.

B.unexpectedchangesintemperature.

C.thesugarcontentofthegrapes.

D.thetempooftheseasons.

4.Thewritercomplainsthatwhenshequestionedthelawyersshe

A.nevergottheanswer.

B.nevergotasimpleanswer.

C.couldmakenosenseoftheanswershegot.

D.couldnotunderstandtheanswershegot.

5.Thewriterthinksthatthelegalprofession

A.strivestoprotectconsumers.

B.doesagoodjobofpolicingitsmembers.

C.ispartofanincorrupti