北京地大博士英语考试真题及答案.docx
《北京地大博士英语考试真题及答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《北京地大博士英语考试真题及答案.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
北京地大博士英语考试真题及答案
2014北京地大博士英语考试真题及答案
2014年地大博士英语考试真题
Part1InsectionAyouwillsee10incompletesentences.InsectionByouhave20choicesforfinishingthesesentences.
SectionA
1.Howdoyouaccount
2.Thegraphintheupperpartofthescreen
3.Whyarequick-frozenvegetablesalmost
4.Asyoucansee,mostof
5.Playfulpeoplewhoenjoytalking,
6.Adamisawall
7.AsWangJianguobecamebetteratspokenEnglish,
8.Iwaswalkingdownthisstreetoneday
9.IfIhadknownhewasn’tfeelingwell,
10.Accordingtothistimetable,weare
SectionB
A.impossibletouseinnuclearpowerstations?
B.notdiligentstudents,learnspokenlanguagesmosteasily.
C.thedifferencebetweenthesetwoproducts?
D.hefoundthathegotmoreoutofhisreadingaswell.
E.studentsgrewupintownsandcities.
F.thatbuildsabarriertopreventwaterfromflowingonward.
G.scheduledtoarriveinChengduin35minutes.
H.showsthechangeinproductionlevelsfrom1990to2012.
I.Iwouldtakehimtoseeadoctor.
J.whenIsawanexpensivecarrunoverateenager
K.isunlikelytomakeveryrapidprogressinmasteringwrittenEnglish.
L.supposedtotakethemedicinetwiceaday.
M.forthesharpfallinbirdpopulationssince1995?
N.Iwouldhavecalledoffthemeeting.
O.theexamplesaretakenfromrecentpublications.
P.constructedacrossavalleytoencloseanareaforstoringwater.
Q.andrunintoanoldfriendIhaven’tseeninyears.
R.canbeworntoallsortsofsocialevents,bothformalandinformal.
S.hereceivesmuchhighergradesinallsubjects.
T.asgoodasthingsstraightfromthegarden?
Part2Correct
1.Torontoissome475kminthenorthwestofNewYork,whileVancouver,only200kmfromSeattle,isevenclosertoamajorAmericancity.
2.ThepanelofdistinguishedscientistsgatheredinCambridgetodiscusstheevidencesinsupportofDr.Thistlethwaite’srevolutionaryhypothesis.
3.OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboilingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101℃accordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.
4.Excuseme,butdon’tyouthinkthatit’sratheroddtogivesuchanelaboratewelcomespeechandthenturnaroundandtreatadelegatewithagoodquestionasifhewereanuisance?
5.Thescientistswereveryfrustratingastheytriedagainandagaintousethemechanicalarmtopickupthesmooth,slipperyobjectfromthebottomoftheseaandbringitintothevessel.
6.ShouldIreceiveanymessageswhileIaminthemeeting,kindlyholdthemformetillaftertheoilcompanyrepresentativeshaveleft.
7.TherewasonethingthatshockedmeabouttheQueenwhenhewalkedintotheroomwithMrs.Obama,namelyherheight;theBritishmonarchisonly163cmtall,muchshorterthanIhadimagined.
8.IputmyeartotheobjectandlistenedcarefullyasIfirsttappeditlightlywithachopstickandthenstrikeditwithahammer;Iwantedtofindoutifitwashollow,preferablywithoutbreakingit.
9.Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckeditfordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.
10.Asthearticlepointsout,oneofthethingsthatlimittheappealofthisyear’snewTVshowsmostdamaginglyisthattheylackofinnovation.
Part3
Vocabulary
acrosstheboard:
ineveryrespect
apparel:
clothing,clothes
anarray:
arange
awe:
deeprespect
chronic:
thatdoesnotsimplyhappenonceandthengoaway;persistent
tocoast:
tocontinuetomovealongwithouteffortortrouble
aconsolation:
somethingthatmakesyoufeelbetterwhenyouaresad
tocounteractX:
toactagainstX,toneutralizeX
acult:
agroupofflowerswhoadmirealeaderorthinginanexaggeratedway
thedefault:
thenon-specialsituation
adefect:
animperfection
adeluge:
aflood
adud:
afailure;somethingnewthatturnsouttobequitedisappointing
empathy:
sensitivitytothefeelingsofotherindividuals
fabrics:
typesofcloth
afetus:
astillunbornchild
toforgoX:
togiveXup;nottogoaheadwithX;todowithoutX
agarment:
asinglepieceofclothing
agender:
sex
genitalia:
sexualorgans
aninsecticide:
achemicalthatkillsinsects
lead:
Pb
alining:
acoveringontheinsideorinnersurfaceofsomething
alogo:
acompanyemblemorsymbol
tomorphintoX:
tochangeshape,becomingX
neural:
relatedtonerves
neurology:
thestudyofnervessystem
aperil:
adanger
toplummet:
todropsuddenly
pronetoX:
susceptibletoX
prowess:
highlydevelopedabilityorskill
aproxy:
asubstitute,somethingthatcanbeusedtotracksomethingelse
ramifications:
secondaryeffects;additionalcomplications
reamsofX:
vastquantitiesofX
toretainX:
tokeepX
totallyX:
toaddXup;toreckonorcomputeX
tothrive:
toflourish,todoverywell
transparent:
abletobeseenthrough
anupstart:
asuddenchallengerorcompetitorwhoappearsunexpectedly
vulnerabletoX:
opentoharmfromX
towane:
todecrease;todecline;togrowsmaller
awelter:
adisordered/chaoticabundance
TextA
1Twelvemonthsago,LululemonAthleticawasoneofthehottestbrandsintheworld.Salesofitshigh-pricedyogagearwereexploding;thecompanywasexpandingintonewmarkets;expertswereinaweofits“cult-likefollowing.”Asoneobserverputit,“They’remorethanapparel.They’realifestyle.”Butthencustomersstartedcomplainingaboutpillingfabrics,bleedingdyesand,mostmemorably,yogapantssothinthattheyeffectivelybecometransparentwhenyoubentover.Lululemon’sfoundermadethingsworsebysuggestingthatsomewomenweretoofattowearthecompany’sclothes.AndthatwastheendofLululemon’scharmedexistence:
thefoundersteppeddownfromhismanagementrole,and,afewweeksago,thecompanysaidthatithadseensales“deceleratemeaningfully.”
2It’satruismofbusinessschoolthinkingthatacompany’sbrandisits“mostimportantasset,”morevaluablethantechnologyorpatentsormanufacturingprowess.Butbrandshaveneverbeenmorefragile.Thereasonissimple:
consumersaresupremelywellinformedandfarmorelikelytoinvestigatetherealvalueofproductsthantorelyonlogos.AbsoluteValue,anewbookbyItamarSimonson,amarketingprofessoratStanford,andEmanuelRosen,aformersoftwareexecutive,showsthat,historically,theriseofbrandswasarespondstoaninformation-poorenvironment.Whenconsumershadtorelyonadvertisementsandtheirpastexperiencewithacompany,brandsservedasproxiesforquality;ifacarwasmadebyGeneralMotors,oraketchupbyHeinz,peopleassumedthatitwasprettygood.Itwashardtofigureoutifanewproductfromanunfamiliarcompanywasreliableornot,sobrandloyaltywasawayofreducingrisk.Asrecentlyasthe1980s,nearlyfour-fifthsofAmericancarbuyersstayedloyaltoabrand.
3Todayconsumerscanreadreamsofresearchaboutwhatevertheywanttobuy.ThisstartedbackwithConsumerReports,whichpublishedobjectivestudiesofproducts,andwithJDpower’squalityrankings,whichrevealedwhatordinarycustomersthoughtofthecarstheyhadbought.Butwhathasreallyweakenedthepowerofbrandsistheinternet,whichhasgivenordinaryconsumerseasyaccesstoexpertreviews,userreviewsanddetailedproductdata,inanarrayofcategories.ArecentPricewaterhouseCoopersstudyfoundthat80percentofconsumerslookatonlinereviewsbeforemakingmajorpurchases,andahostofstudieshaveloggedthestronginfluencethosereviewshaveonthedecisionspeoplemake.Theriseofsocialmediahasacceleratedthetrendtoanastonishingdegree:
adudproductcanbecomealaughingstockinamatterofhours.IntheolddaysyoumightbuyaSonytelevisionsetbecauseyouhadownedonebefore,orbecauseyoutrustedthebrand.TodaysuchconsiderationsmattermuchlessthanreviewsonAmazonandEngadgetandCNET.asSimonsontoldme,“eachproductnowhastoproveitselfonitsown.”
4Ithasbeenarguedthatthewelterofinformationwillactuallymakebrandsmorevaluable.AstheinfluentialconsultancyInterbrandputsit,“Inaworldwhereconsumersareoftenoverwhelmedwithinformation,theroleabrandplaysinpeople’sliveshasbecomeallthemoreimportant.”Butinformationoverloadislargelyamyth.“Mostconsumerslearnveryquicklyhowtogetagreatdealofinformationeffectivelyandefficiently,”Simonsonsays.“Mostofusfigureouthowtofindwhatwe’relookingforwithoutspendinghugeamountsoftimeonline.”Andthishasmadecustomerloyaltyprettymuchathingofthepast.Only25percentofAmericanrespondentsinarecentErnst&Youngstudysaidthatbrandloyaltyaffectedhowtheyshopped.
5Forestablishedbrandsthisisanightmare.Youcannevercoastonpastperformance–thepercentageofbrand-loyalcarbuyershasplummetedinthepasttwentyyears–andthepricepremiumthatarecognizedbrandcanchargehasshrunk.Ifyouaremakingabetterproduct,youcanstillneedstobesimilartoo.Thatistheclearestindicationthattheeconomicvalueofbrands–traditionallyassessedbythepremiumacompanycouldcharge–iswaning.Thisisn’ttrueacrosstheboard:
brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct(Coca-Cola,say),orwheretheyconferstatus,aswithluxurygoods.Butevenheretheinformationdelugeistransformative;luxurytravel,forinstance,hasbeenprofoundlyaffectedbywebsiteslikeTripAdvisor.
6Forconsumersthisisideal:
theyaremakingbetterchoices,andheightenedcompetitionhasraisedqualityandhelddownprices.Andtheyarenottheonlybeneficiaries;upstartsnowfinditeasiertocompetewiththebigboys.Ifyoubuildabettermousetrap,peoplewillsoonknowaboutit.Adecadeago,personal-computercompanieslikeAsusandAcerhadalmostnobrandidentityoutsideTaiwan.Nowth