高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习8.docx

高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习8.docx

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高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习8

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（8）及答案

【阅读理解猜测词义】Passage****************

ThereisoneforeignproducttheJapanesearebuyingfasterthanothers,anditspopularityhascausedanuneasyfeelingamongmanyJapanese.

Thatproductisforeignwords.

Gairaigo--wordsthatcomefromoutside--havebeenpartoftheJapaneselanguageforcenturies.MostlyborrowedfromEnglishandChinese,thesetermsareoftenchangedintoformsnolongerunderstoodbynativespeakers.

Butinthelastfewyearsthetfi.ckle（涓涓细流）offoreignwordshasbecomeaflood,andpeoplefeartheincreasinguseofforeignwordsismakingithardfortheJapanesetounderstandeachotherandcouldleadtomanypeopleforgettingthegoodqualitiesoftraditional（传统的）Japanese.

"ThepopularityofforeignwordsispartoftheJapaneseinterestinanythingnew,"DaysuniversitylecturerandwriterTakashi.%alto."Byusingaforeignwordyoucanmakeasubjectseemnew,whichmakesiteasierforthemedia（媒体）topickup.'

"Experts（专家）oftenstudyabroadanduseEnglishtermswhentheyspeakwithpeopleintheirownfields.Thosetermsarethenincludedingovernmentwhitepapers,'saidMuturoKal,presidentoftheNationalLanguageResearchInstitute.

"Foreignwordsfindtheirwayeasilyintoannouncementsmadetothegeneralpublic,whentheyshouldreallybeexplainedinJapanese.”

Againsttheflowofnewwords.manyJapaneseturningbacktothestud）rdtheirownlanguageSaito'sJapanesetoBeReadAloudisoneofmanylanguagebooksthatatenowflyingoffbooksellers'shelves.

"Wewereexpectingtosellthebookstoyoungpeople,"saidthewriter,"butitturnsouttheyaremorepopularwiitheoldergeneration,whoseemuneasyaboutthefutureofJalanese."

1.WhatadvantagesdoforeignwordshaveovertraditionalJalneseterms?

A.Theideasexpressedinforeignwordssoundnew.

B.Foreignwordsarebestsuitedforannouncements.

C.Foreignwordsmakenewsubjectseasiertounderstand.

D.Theuseofforeignwordsmakesthemediamorepopular.

答案：

A指导：

第5段末提到原因，“用外来词语你可以让一个话题看上去很新鲜，而这样一来媒体更容易感兴趣。

”

2.IntheopinionofTakastiiSaito,Japanesepeople_________.

A.aregoodatlearningforeignlanguages

B.arewillingtolearnaboutnewthings

C.trustthemedia

D.respectexperts

答案：

B指导：

还是第5段，“外来词语受欢迎部分原因是日本人对任何新东西都感兴趣”，因此选B.

3.Whichofthefollowingplaysanimportantpartinthespreaceofforeignwords?

A.Themediaandgovernmentpapers.

B.Best-sellingJapanesetextbooks.

C.TheinterestofyoungJapanese.

D.Foreignproductsandexperts.

答案：

A指导：

第6段谈到这些词语的来历，出现在政府公文、广播中，即A。

4.ThebookJapanesetoBeReadAloud_________.

A.sellsverywellinJapan

B.issupportedbythegovernment

C.isquestionedbytheoldgeneration

D.causesmisunderstandingamongthereaders

答案：

A指导：

关于这本书。

作者说“arenowflyingoffbooksellers’shelves”，因此选A.

Ifyouwanttostayyoung,sitdownandhaveagoodthink.ThisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanesedoctors,whosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexercise—andasaresult,weareageingunnecessarilysoon.

　　ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyage,andhowtheprocessofageingcouldbesloweddown.

　　WithateamofcolleaguesatTokyoNationalUniversity,hesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvaryingoccupations.

　　Computertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstoobtainprecisemeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidesectionsofthebrain,whichrelatetointellect（智能）andemotion,anddeterminethehumancharacter.（Therearsectionofthebrain,whichcontrolsfunctionslikeeatingandbreathing,doesnotcontractwithage,andonecancontinuelivingwithoutintellectualoremotionalfaculties.）

　　Contractionoffrontandsideparts—ascellsdieoff—wasobservedIsomesubjectsintheirthirties,butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds.

　　Matsuzawaconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisasimpleremedytothecontractionnormallyassociatedwithage—usingthehead.

　　Thefindingsshowingeneraltermsthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.Thoseleastatrisk,saysMatsuzawa,arelawyers,followedbyuniversityprofessorsanddoctors.Whitecollarworkersdoingroutineworkingovernmentofficesare,however,aslikelytohaveshrinkingbrainsasthefarmworker,busdriverandshopassistant.

　　Matsuzawa’sfindingsshowthatthinkingcanpreventthebrainfromshrinking.Bloodmustcirculateproperlyintheheadtosupplythefreshoxygenthebraincellsneed.“Thebestwaytomaintaingoodbloodcirculationisthroughusingthebrain,”hesays,“Thinkhardandengageinconversation.Don’trelyonpocketcalculators.”

36.Theteamofdoctorswantedtofindout________.

　　A.whycertainpeopleagesoonerthanothersB.howtomakepeoplelivelonger

　　C.thesizeofcertainpeople’sbrainsD.whichpeoplearemostintelligent

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。

由第二段“ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyage,andhowtheprocessofageingcouldbesloweddown.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。

37.Onwhataretheirresearchfindingsbased?

　　A.AsurveyoffarmersinnorthernJapan.B.Testsperformedonathousandoldpeople.

　　C.ThestudyofbrainvolumesofdifferentpeopleD.Thelatestdevelopmentofcomputertechnology.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。

由“hesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvaryingoccupations.”可知选C。

38.Thedoctor’stestshowthat________.

　　A.ourbrainsshrinkaswegrowolderB.thefrontsectionofthebraindoesnotshrink

　　C.sixty-year-oldshavethebetterbrainsthanthirty-year-olds

　　D.somepeople’sbrainshavecontractedmorethanotherpeople’s.

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。

由“Thefindingsshowingeneraltermsthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早。

故选D。

39.Theword“subjects”inParagraph5means________.

　　A.somethingtobeconsideredB.branchesofknowledgestudied

　　C.personschosentobestudiedinanexperiment

　　D.anymemberofastateexceptthesupremeruler.

【答案】C

【解析】词义猜测题。

由“……butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人。

故选C。

40.Accordingtothepassage,whichpeopleseemtoageslowerthantheothers?

　　A.Lawyers.B.Farmers.C.Clerks.D.Shopassistants.

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。

由“Thoseleastatrisk,saysMatsuzawa,arelawyers,……”可知律师变老的风险最小。

故选A。

【阅读理解猜测词义】Passage****************

OnMay13,1787,afleetofEnglishshipssetsailforAustraliawithabout750people.Thesemenandwomenwerenotordinarypassengers,TheywereconvictsbeingsenttoAustialiaaspunishmentfortheircrimes.

LawsinEnglandduringthisperiodwereveryhard,andpeoplewerepunishedseverelyforeventhesmallestcrimes.Amancouldbesentencedtodeathforhuntingonanotherman'spropertyorhecouldbeputtodeathforchoppingdownsomeoneelse'stree.Formanyothercrimes,thepunishmentwas"transportation".Theguiltypersonwasshippedtoadistantlandwherehewasforcedtoworkwithoutpay.Oftenwomenandchildrenwereshippedtootherlandstoo.

In1770,CaptainCookhaddiscoveredthecontinentofAustraliaandclaimeditforEngland.Atfirst,Englandfoundnouseforthisvastlandontheothersideoftheworld,butthentheAmericanRevolutiontookplace.EnglandcouldnolongershipherconvictstotheAmericancolonies（殖民地）.SosheturnedtoAustraliaasagoodplaceforherprisoners.

Aformernavalcaptainwaspickedtoaccompanytheconvictstothenewcolony.Hisjobwastohelpthembuildasettlementwhichhewouldgovern.Thecaptainwasgladtogo.

Hebelievedtheconvictscouldlearntoliveinpeace.Hefelttheywouldobeythelawsinthenewcountry.

InJanuary1788,theEnglishfleetanditscargo--theconvictslandedonAustralia.Afterdaysofsearching,thecaptainfoundagoodharbor.Thelandnearbyhadtreesandstreams.Theconvictcolonymadeanewbeginninghere.Australia'shistorythusbegan.

1.Thearticletellsusmainlyabout___________.

A.afleetofEnglishships

B.huntingonotherpeople'sproperty

C.aconvictsettlementinAustralia

D.howAustraliawasdiscovered

答案：

C指导：

纵观全文，本文讲述英国政府在发现澳大利亚后一直没有利用这块土地，美国独立战争之后它不能将罪犯流到美国，于是将澳大利亚作为其流放地，因此选C

2.Theunderlinedword"convict'（inParagraph1）mostprobablymeans________.

A.apersonwholosthisfamily

B.apersonwhohasdonecrimesandissenttoprison

C.anativelivinginthearea

D.apersonwhoissentencedtodeath

答案：

B指导：

由上下文可知，convict指犯了罪（crimes）受罚（punishment）的人，英国政府将其流放到“agoodplaceforprisoners"，因此选B.

3.WhydidEnglandse

ndconvictstoAustralia?

A.ItwantedtomakeCaptainCookhappyaboutAustralia.

B.Itwantedconvictstofindagoodharborandgoodland.

C.Itcouldnotfeeditsoverpopulation.

D.ItcouldnolongersendconvictstoAmerica.

答案：

D指导：

从短文第三段的描述中知，由于美国发动了独立战争取得独立，英国政府不能将罪犯流放到美国，这才将目光投向澳大利亚。

4.Whichstatementseemstrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Formernavalcaptainsalwaysstartednewcolonies.

B.TheAmericanRevolutionhadsomethingtodowiththeconvicts.

C.Agreatcountrymaygrowfromasmallcolony.

D.Convictsarenoteasytobegoverned.

答案：

C指导：

文中只提到“aformernavalcaptain”，A项显然太武断；B项说美国的独立战争与那些罪犯有关系，这种说法太牵强，综合判断，C项是正确的。

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【阅读理解猜测词义】Passage****************

Youwouldliketotakegoodphotographsofreal-lifesituationsbutyouhavefewideasforpictures.Isuggestyoul