美国文学资料总结20世纪以后文学.docx

美国文学资料总结20世纪以后文学.docx

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美国文学资料总结20世纪以后文学

PartⅤTwentieth-CenturyLiterature二十世纪文学

Modernism:

beganinthelate19thcenturyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.

EzraPoundandT.S.Eliotreplacedthelogicalexpositionofthoughtswithfragmentaryimagesandcomplexallusions

Modernistwritingiscosmopolitan,andoftenexpressesasenseofurbanculturaldislocation混乱,alongwithanawarenessofnewpsychologicaltheories.Itsfavoredtechniquesofjuxtaposition并置andmultiplepointofviewchallengethereadertoreestablishacoherenceofmeaningfromfragmentaryforms.

4、现代主义的标志：

T.S.Eliot’s“TheWasteLand”,themostsignificantAmericanpoemofthetwentiethcentury,helpedtoestablishamoderntraditionofliteraturerichwithlearningandallusive引用典故的thought.

8. Ingeneralterms,muchseriousliteraturewrittenfrom1912onwardsattemptedtoconveyavisionofsocialbreakdownandmoraldecayandthewriter’staskwastodeveloptechniquesthatcouldrepresentabreakwiththepast.Thus,thedefiningformalcharacteristicsofthemodernisticworksarediscontinuityandfragmentation.总之，1912年以后许多严肃文学都力图表达社会崩溃，道德沦丧的观点，作家也使用新技巧，告别老传统。

9.Atypicalmodernworkwillseemtobeginarbitrarily,toadvancewithoutexplanation,andtoendwithoutresolution.现代文学的典型特征是开端任意，发展不做解释以及没有结果的收场。

10. Thereareshiftsinperspective,voice,andtone,butthebiggestshiftisfromtheexternaltointernal,fromthepublictotheprivate,fromthechronological时间顺序tothepsychic精神的,fromtheobjectivedescriptiontothesubjectiveprojection.作品在现实，语气上较前有变化，其中最大的变化是从描写外部世界转到内部世界，从公众生活转到私生活描写，从时间线索转到以心理感觉为线索，从客观描述转到主观渲染。

11. Traditionalfictionfeaturedanauthoritativenarratorintellingastory,whilemodernfictiontendedtoemploythefirstpersonnarrationorlimitthereadertothe“centralconsciousness”oronecharacter’spointofview.传统小说强调叙述的人物的权威性和可信性，而现代小说叙述的总是用第一人称，或者把读者限制到“中心的意识”上或以一个人物的视线进行叙述。

Imagism:

1909and1917

theimagisttheoriescallforbrieflanguage,describingtheprecisepictureinasfewwordsaspossible.

Theimagistscultivatedconcision简洁anddirectness,buildingtheirshortpoemsaroundsingleimages;

presentanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinaninstantoftime

useofthelanguageofcommonspeech,projectmatter,theevocation唤起ofimagesinhard,clearpoetry,andconcentration.

theypreferredlooserrhythms.theformoffreeverse.Therearenometrical韵律的rules.Indiscriminate任意的linebreaks,whichreflectsthediscontinuityoflifeitself.Thepoetusesthelengthofthelinesandthestrangegroupingsofwordstoshowhowlifeitselfcanbebrokenupintosomehowmeaninglessclusters.

LostGeneration:

NameappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingWWI,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvaluesbutcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism.TheremarkofGertrudeStein.“youareallalostgeneration,”addressedtoHemingway,wasusedasaprefacetothelatter’snovelThesunAlsoRise,whichbrilliantlydescribesanexpatriategrouptypicalofthe“lostgeneration.”OtherexpatriateAmericanauthorsoftheperiodtowhomthetermisgenerallyappliedincludeE.E.Cummings,F.Scott.FitzgeraldandEzraPoundetc.

“TheLostGeneration,”

•agroupofyoungAmericanswholefttheirnativelandandfoughtinthewarandlaterengagedthemselvesinwritinginanewwayabouttheirownexperiences，通过“迷惘的一代”人的形象塑造，表现了一战后整个一代人的精神面貌以及一战给人们带来的影响。

（迷惘的一代：

一群离开祖国，参加战争的美国青年，战后开始动手写下他们的战争经历）

•LostGenerationisaliteratureschooloriginalinAmericaninthetwentiethcentury.LostGenerationalsoreferstothegenerationaftertheWorldWarI.Meanwhile,italsoreferstotheyoungwriterswholivedasexpatriatesinWesternEuropeforashorttime.

Disillusionedanddisgustedbythefrivolous,轻浮的greedy,andheedlesswayoflifeinAmerica,

theybegantowriteandtheywrotefromtheirownexperiencesinthewar.由于他们已厌倦美国那种轻浮，贪婪的生活，于是开始动手写下他们的战争经历。

writingstyle

ationwritersfeltthatAmericawasnotsuchasuccessstorybecausethecountrywasdevoidofacosmopolitan（兼容并包的）culture.TheirsolutiontothisissuewastopackuptheirbagsandtraveltoEurope.Heretheyexpectedtofindliteraryfreedomandacosmopolitanwayoflife

典型的迷惘一代：

F.ScottFitzgerald,

ErnestHemingway

WilliamFaulkner

（（（迷惘的一代”指的是第一次世界大战后成长起来的年轻人（包括海明威在内），他们之所以对生活失去信念是由于战争的创伤，但他们并未因此而失去对人性的渴望。

“垮掉的一代”则不同，他们中的许多人已经丧失了对人性的最基本的理解，用“垮掉的一代”作为称谓也表达了公众对他们的失望和不满。

TheJazzAge（享乐时代）：

worldwarⅠ（1918）totheGreatDepression（1929）.

Americaenteredatemporaryandunprecedented空前的prosperousage.Itwasaflashyage,anagefullofspree狂欢.ItwasalsoanagethatyoungAmericansfeltperplexed困惑andlost.

asenseofpurposelessness,decadenceandculturalemptiness,andcapturedbothanexcitementaboutthenewthingsandananxietyaboutthehistoricalloss

drowningintheirpleasures.onlypursuematerialwealthbu