globalization视频英语原文.docx
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globalization视频英语原文
globalization视频英语原文
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theworldisbecomingmoreandmoreinterconnected
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neverbeforeinhumanhistoryhasthereexistedsuchanintenserelationship
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betweeninternationaltrade
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communicationandpoliticsthetermglobalizationisallaroundus
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sometimesasanopportunitysometimesasanewchallenge
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butwhatexactlydoesglobalizationmeanandwateritsramifications
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eventhoughthetermglobalizationisfrequentlyused
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itisnoteasytodefineonethingisclear:
intoday'sworld
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economicenvironmentalsocialandpoliticalissuesandproblems
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arenolongerlimitedtothenationallevelbecausetheworldhasbecomeso
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interdependent
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reasonablegovernancecanonlyberealizedwithinbroadergroupof
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stakeholders
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forexamplestateconfederationsuchastheEuropeanUnion
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regionaleconomicorganizationsliketheOECD
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portableworld
onlycountsforonepercentpriceon
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suchdevelopmentsaretheresultoftechnologicaladvancements
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buttherearesomeaspectswhichwereintroducedpurposefullyaswell
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sincethenineteeneightiestherichermoreindustrializedcountrieswork
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towardsremovingtradebarriers
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suchastariffsimportquotasandfans
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worldwidefirstnewtechnologies
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decreasingtransportationcostsandtheliberalizationofinternationaltrade
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hasmadeitpossibleandprofitableformajorcompaniestoproduceandsell
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worldwidelet'stakeaglanceatthethreemainareasofglobalization
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theeconomicsphereisaparticularimportance
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itisamajorcatalystforglobalization
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andisatthesametimethemostaffectedarea
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internationalexportshaveincreased30-fold
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inthelast60yearstheforeigndirectinvestmentcompaniesandgovernments
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hasincreasedsubstantiallyit'swrittenfrom$13billiondollarsperyear
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innineteenseventytomorethanonepointatrilliontoday
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up
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manycompaniesaresearchingfornewmarketsandopportunitiesforcheap
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production
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incountrieswithlowwagesandsoftenvironmentalregulations
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thenumberofsuchmultinationalcorporations
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rosefrom7000to65,000
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sincethe1990s%uhsimilartotheworldeconomy
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internationalpoliticsisalsomoreinterdependenttoday
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mostimportantpolicyissueslikeclimatechangethefinancialcrisis
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forterrorismdonotcareaboutborders
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suchproblemscannotbesolvedbyasinglestatealong
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politicstriestoreactbyattemptingtomakedecisions
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inbroadergroupofcountriesliketheEUtheg20
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oreventheUnitedNationsatthesametime
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they'remoreandmoreinternationalpressuregroupwhichdonotbelongtoa
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particularstate
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theso-callednon-governmentalorganizations
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orNGOswereabletoexertinfluenceinpoliticsrelatedtotheirfieldofwork
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examplesincludeGreenpeaceAmnestyInternational
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orattackaglobalpublicforumevolvesthroughthepreviouslymentionednew
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possibilitieshavecommunication
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ngosusethisinordertoinfluencepolitics
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internationalpoliticalproblemsandtheemergenceofnewglobalactorslikeNGOs
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inmultinationalcorporations
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leadtoadecreasehavethepoliticalattitudeofsingleStates
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especiallyifsmallstatestheinfluenceofglobalizationcanbeobservedinour
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cultureaswell
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oneaspectisoftenreferredtoasmacworld
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thetermdescribeshowWesterncultureespeciallypopularculture
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becomesdominantanddestroysculturaldiversity
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theglobaldistributionandwesternmusicnews
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productseventheEnglishlanguagepromotesthiseffect
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ontocounterglobalization
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wecanalsoseebacklashforexample
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peopleareincreasinglyreturningtolocalandregionalculturalcustoms
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globalizationisaverycomplexdevelopment
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somecountriesbenefitmoreothersbenefitless
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newlyindustrializedcountrieslikeTaiwanandSouthKorea
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aswellastherapidlydevelopingIndiaBrazilandChina
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gainconsiderableadvantagefromtheirintegrationintotheworldeconomy
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theycanbuilduptheirfactorieswithforeigndirectinvestmentin
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infrastructure
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andselltheirproductsinternationallyduetothelowwagesinthesecountries
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theseproductsareverycompetitiveontheworldmarket
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Chinarepresentsaperfectexample
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howbroaderpopulationcanbenefittoit'sfasteconomicgrowth
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hasenabled$500millionchinesetoleaveextremepoverty
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ontheotherhand
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theirwholeregionswhoaresufferingmorethanthey'rebenefitingfrom
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globalisation
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thisisparticularlytrueformostsub-saharanAfricancountries
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suchcountriesarenotpreparedtofishinLi
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forTitaninternationalcompetitionthecheapproductsproducedbyindustrial
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anewlyindustrialisedcountriesbutthelocalmarketsanddestroylocal
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productionfacilities
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moreoverthesecountriesarenotattractiveforforeigninvestors
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thustheycannotwalkthesamerouteasthenewlyindustrializedcountries
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onglobalizationisboth
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threatanopportunityforindustrializedcountriesontheonehand
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theycanacquirenewmarketsfortheirindustrialgoodsontheotherhand
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they'refacingthecompetitionnewlyindustrializedcountries
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thecanproduceatlowercostsspecifically
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productionofsimplegoodisnolongerprofitableveryfewproducts
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liketextilestoysarewhitegoodspurcellproducedinindustrialized
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countries
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up
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onitbecomesclear
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iflocalizationtakesplaceatmanyareassuchaspolitics
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cultureandtheeconomydecliningcostsoftransportandcommunication
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andthegloballiberalizationmarketsthefieldthistrend
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whilesomecountriesbenefitfromglobalization
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itisexacerbatedproblemsandothersthus
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globalizationpresentsbothnewopportunitiesand
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newchallenges
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