定语从句.docx

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定语从句

定语从句

一、句子的种类

句子根据其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。

句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。

简单句:

五种基本句型

按结构分并列句:

由and,but,or,for等连接两个并列分句

定语从句

复合句状语从句主语从句

表语从句

名词性从句宾语从句

同位语从句

一)简单句:

只包含一套主谓结构的句子称为简单句,但句中可以有并列的主语或并列的谓语。

如:

1.Britain,AmericaandAustraliaareEnglish–speakingcountries.

2.Theygetcoaloutoftheground,changeitintoelectricityandsendithundredsofkilometersaway.

二)、并列句:

由两个或更多的简单句通过连词等连接起来的句子叫并列句。

在并列句中,各简单句之间是同等关系,我们叫他们为分句。

如:

1.Beijingisabeautifulcity,anditisalsoamodernone.

2.Hefailedmanytimes,butheneverlostheart.

并列句有如下几种关系:

说明

连接词

例句

并列

关系

and,notonly…but(also),

neither…nor

1.Ihelphimandhimandhehelpme.

2.Notonlydidwewritetoherbutalsowetelephonedher.

3.NeitherwouldIgivehimadvicenorwouldheaskmeforadvice.

转折

关系

but,however,while

yet,still等

1.Hefailedmanytimes,_________heneverlostheart.

2.ShehasdifficultyinlearningEnglish,____________,sheworkshardandismakingrapidprogress.

3.Heisaquietboy,__________hisbrotherisrathertalkative

选择关系

or,otherwise,orelse,either…or…

1.Wemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.

2.Eitheryoucometomyplace,orIgotoyours.

3.Seize the chance,otherwise you will regret it.

因果关系

for,so,thus,therefore,andso

1.Wehadbetterstayathome,foraheavyrainiscoming.

2.Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehedidn’tdowellinhisstudies.

有时也可以不用连词,而用分号、冒号或破折号

1.Tastethefood—youwilllikeit.

2.Heeatsusinghisrighthand;hislefthandisn’tusedatall.

用适当的连词填空:

1.Haveacarewhatyousay,________youmayregretit.

2.Hurryup,_______youwillbelate.

3.Youmaydoityourself,______asksomeoneelsetodoit.

4.Useyourhead,_________you’llfindagoodway.

5.Studyhard,_______youwillpasstheexam.

6.Itlookedlikerain._________,itisclearthismorning.

7.Shesaidthatitwasso,shewasmistaken,____________.

8.Hewasverybusy,_________,hecameandhelpedustosolvetheproblem.

9.Somearereadingnewspapers,_____________othersareplayingchess.

10.Youlikesports_____________I’dliketoread.

11.Iwanttobuythejacket,__________Ihavenotenoughmoneywithme.

12.Heisnotonlystrong,_________warm-hearted.

13.Notonlydoeshewritewell,________hespeakswell.

14.Theyatenotapples________bananas.

15.We’llmeetnotMr.Smith______Mr.Greentoday.

16.Don’tstandbythegate.Eitheryoucomein_________yougoouttoplay.

17.Inspringitisneitherhot_________coldhere.

18.Wewant__________highspeedandgoodquality.

19.Theyarewaitingforme,_______Imustbeoffnow.

20.Shegotill,_________shedidn’tattendthemeeting.

21.Shedidn’tattendthemeeting__________shegotill.

22.Thedayhasbroken,_________thebirdsaresinging.

23.Thegasmusthavebeenusedup,_________thefirewentoutofitself.

三)复合句:

由一个主句加上一个或更多的从句构成的句子叫复合句。

从句是用来修饰主句的,只充当主句的一个成分。

Exx:

判断下面句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。

1.Theywaitedandwaited.

2.Happinessandsadnessaretwins.

3.HehelpsmeandIhelphim.

4.WhenIwentintotheclassroom,hewasreading.

5.Themantookoutthekey,openedthedoorandenteredtheroom.

6.InordertoimproveEnglish,Jennyboughtalotoftapesforherself.

7.Themedicineisbitter,butitisgoodforyourhealth.

8.Whatyousaidistrue.

9.Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingoverthere.

10.Hewashappyandexcited.

11.Wewenttoschoolandmotherstayedathome.

12.Keepon,andyouwillsucceedinsolvingtheproblems.

13.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.

14.MygrandmotherfellasleepwhileshewaswatchingTV.

15.Ourdifficultyiswherewecanfindaladder.

16.Iwanttoknowwhenandhowtheyleft.

17.TheshipwentdownintheNorthAtlanticafterhittinganiceberg.

18.Startnow,oryou’llfeelregret.

定语从句精讲精练

一、定义:

在复合句中用作定语的句子叫做定语从句。

简言之,就是一个句子充当了定语。

结构:

先行词+关系词+从句

1.Ilikethebeautifulbook.

2.Ilikethebookwhichyougaveme.

3.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

二、定语从句的术语及特点。

一)、术语:

1.先行词

关系代词:

2.关系词

关系副词:

先行词:

大家知道,定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。

那么,被定语从句修饰的这个名词或代词就叫先行词

关系词:

引导定语从句的词。

1.Ilikethebook(whichyougaveme.)

先行词关系词

2.Youmustdoeverything(thatIdo).

先行词关系词

二)、定语从句的特点:

定语从句具有_________________词的特点,一般紧跟在先行词之后。

判断:

Theletterisonthedeskwhichshewrote.

三)、关系词的作用:

1.引导定语从句

2.代替先行词

3.担任从句的成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语)

例:

1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

(that代替______________________,在从句中作_____________语)

2,TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommybrother.

(which代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)

3.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.

(who代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)

4.Mr..Wangisthemanwhomyoushouldwriteto.

(whom代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)

5.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandparents.

(whose代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)

6.Pleaspassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.

(whose代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)

7.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.

(where代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)

三、定语从句的分类:

限制/定性定语从句

非限定制性定语从句

Isaidnothingatthemeeting,whichmadehimveryangry.

注:

非限制性定语从句还可将整个主句作为先行词,也就是说它说明、代替的是整个主句;限制性定语从句只可修饰名词或代词:

名词名词/代词

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句

(的先行词)代词(的先行词)

句子

四、定语从句的翻译:

限制性定语从句:

译成“…的”,放在先行词前,

非限制性定语从句:

译成汉语时,一般用并列句,即单独译成一句话,放在主句之后。

Exercises:

1.Iknowthemanwhocamejustnow.

2,Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.

3.ShehasasonwhoworksinBeijing.

4,Shehasason,whoworksinBeijing.

5.Mr.A,whosewifeteachesFrench,isateacherofpiano.

6.Thefilmthat/whichIsawlastnightwasboring.

7.Isawafilmlastnight,whichwasboring,

五、定语从句的关系词(9)

关系代词(6个):

who,whom,that,which,whose,as

关系副词(3个):

when,where,why

六、关系代词的用法:

一)先行词指人时:

关系代词可用________、___________或_____________,

who在从句中作____________语

whom在从句中作__________语,口语中也可用who来代替whom。

that在从句中作____________语、____________语或____________语

eg:

1.Thegirl____________________youmetyesterdaywasmysister,

2.Iknowaforeigner_____________isfromSouthAfrica

3.Heisnolongertheboy_______hewassixyearsago.

★who与that的区别:

1.Those________areinfavoroftheplanpleaseraiseyourhands.

2.He_________doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.

3.Anyone_________failstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.

4.Imetsomeone_________saidheknewyou.

5.LiLei,__________isnowinRussia,sentmeane-maillastnight.

总结:

用who不用that的情况:

1)当先行词是people或是指代人的those用who

2)当先行词是人称代词he,she,…,或指人的不定代词all,any,one,ones,anyone,someone等时,用who

3)在非限制性定语从句,不能用that

★只用that的情况:

1.Whoisthewoman____________youtalkedwithjustnow?

2.Theytalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______________theyrememberedatschool.

总结:

1、当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,虽然先行词是人,关系代词也最好用that,以避免歧义。

2、先行词有两个,既指人也指物时,只能用that。

★只能用whom的情况:

Eg.Thisisourmathteacher,from________welearntalot.

总结:

关系代词前有介词时,只能用whom,而不用who或that.

EXX:

1.Those__________wanttogocampingsignuphere.

2.Theones_________flattermedon’tpleaseme.

3.Iknowtheman___________cameyesterday.

4.Shehasason,________worksinafactory.

5.Themanto__________Ispokejustnowisafamousscientist.

二)、先行词指物时,只能用that或which

★只能用that的情况:

★只能用which的情况:

1.引导非限制性定语从句时;

2.当关系词前有介词时;

3.先行词是that时。

EXX:

1.Thisisthebook______________youaskfor.

2.Motherboughtmeabirthdaygift____________wasverybeautiful.

3.Thisistheverybook___________Ihavebeenlookingfor.

4.Thisisthebestfilm__________Ihaveeverseen.

5.Thisisall__________Iknow.

6.Whoisthewoman_________waspraisedatthemeeting?

7.Whichisthebike____________youlost?

8.Youcantakeanyseat___________isfree.

9.Sheistheonlygirl___________canspeakJapaneseinourclass.

10.Doyouknowthethingsandthepersons___________theyaretalkingabout?

11.Chinaisnolongerthecountry________itusedtobe.

12.Isthereanythingelse__________youwanttosay?

13.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof___________sataboy.

14.Thisistheverypenwith_________Iwrotethatletter.

15.Tomcameback,____________madeushappy.

16.Thisisthehotelin___________helivedlastnight.

17.Iboughtseveralapples,_____________wereverycheap.

三)、关系代词whose的用法:

★whose等于先行词的所有格,表示所属关系,在从句中作定语。

也就是说,当先行词与从句的主语/、宾语是所属关系时,用whose来引导这个定语从句。

Whose在从句中不能省略,它所修饰的先行词既可是人,也可是物。

例:

1.LiHua,_________parentsarebothteachers,isgoodatEnglish.

2.Lisaboughtanewnotebook_____________coverisred.

3.Doyouseethehouse_________roofisyellow?

4.Theoldwoman,___________twodaughtershavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears,willgooverseas.

5.RecentlyheboughtanancientChinesevase,____________pricewasveryreasonable.

★whose若指物时,它还可以同ofwhich互换,即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich

=ofwhich+the+名词

例:

RecentlyheboughtanancientChinesevase,whosepricewasveryreasonable.

=RecentlyheboughtanancientChinesevase,___________________wasveryreasonable.

=RecentlyheboughtanancientChinesevase,____________________wasveryreasonable.

EXX:

1.Lisaboughtanotebookwhosecoverisred.

=Lisaboughtanotebook____________________________isred.

=Lisaboughtanotebook____________________________isred.

2.Doyouseethehousewhoseroofisyellow?

=Doyouseethehouse_______________________________isyellow?

=Doyouseethehouse_______________________________isyellow?

3.Helivesintheroomwhosedoorisgreen.

=Helivesintheroom______________________________ isgreen.

=Helivesintheroom_________________________________isgreen.

4.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,__________leadingactorisworld-famous?

5.GeorgeOrwell,___

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