定语从句.docx
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定语从句
定语从句
一、句子的种类
句子根据其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。
简单句:
五种基本句型
按结构分并列句:
由and,but,or,for等连接两个并列分句
定语从句
复合句状语从句主语从句
表语从句
名词性从句宾语从句
同位语从句
一)简单句:
只包含一套主谓结构的句子称为简单句,但句中可以有并列的主语或并列的谓语。
如:
1.Britain,AmericaandAustraliaareEnglish–speakingcountries.
2.Theygetcoaloutoftheground,changeitintoelectricityandsendithundredsofkilometersaway.
二)、并列句:
由两个或更多的简单句通过连词等连接起来的句子叫并列句。
在并列句中,各简单句之间是同等关系,我们叫他们为分句。
如:
1.Beijingisabeautifulcity,anditisalsoamodernone.
2.Hefailedmanytimes,butheneverlostheart.
并列句有如下几种关系:
说明
连接词
例句
并列
关系
and,notonly…but(also),
neither…nor
1.Ihelphimandhimandhehelpme.
2.Notonlydidwewritetoherbutalsowetelephonedher.
3.NeitherwouldIgivehimadvicenorwouldheaskmeforadvice.
转折
关系
but,however,while
yet,still等
1.Hefailedmanytimes,_________heneverlostheart.
2.ShehasdifficultyinlearningEnglish,____________,sheworkshardandismakingrapidprogress.
3.Heisaquietboy,__________hisbrotherisrathertalkative
选择关系
or,otherwise,orelse,either…or…
1.Wemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.
2.Eitheryoucometomyplace,orIgotoyours.
3.Seize the chance,otherwise you will regret it.
因果关系
for,so,thus,therefore,andso
1.Wehadbetterstayathome,foraheavyrainiscoming.
2.Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehedidn’tdowellinhisstudies.
有时也可以不用连词,而用分号、冒号或破折号
1.Tastethefood—youwilllikeit.
2.Heeatsusinghisrighthand;hislefthandisn’tusedatall.
用适当的连词填空:
1.Haveacarewhatyousay,________youmayregretit.
2.Hurryup,_______youwillbelate.
3.Youmaydoityourself,______asksomeoneelsetodoit.
4.Useyourhead,_________you’llfindagoodway.
5.Studyhard,_______youwillpasstheexam.
6.Itlookedlikerain._________,itisclearthismorning.
7.Shesaidthatitwasso,shewasmistaken,____________.
8.Hewasverybusy,_________,hecameandhelpedustosolvetheproblem.
9.Somearereadingnewspapers,_____________othersareplayingchess.
10.Youlikesports_____________I’dliketoread.
11.Iwanttobuythejacket,__________Ihavenotenoughmoneywithme.
12.Heisnotonlystrong,_________warm-hearted.
13.Notonlydoeshewritewell,________hespeakswell.
14.Theyatenotapples________bananas.
15.We’llmeetnotMr.Smith______Mr.Greentoday.
16.Don’tstandbythegate.Eitheryoucomein_________yougoouttoplay.
17.Inspringitisneitherhot_________coldhere.
18.Wewant__________highspeedandgoodquality.
19.Theyarewaitingforme,_______Imustbeoffnow.
20.Shegotill,_________shedidn’tattendthemeeting.
21.Shedidn’tattendthemeeting__________shegotill.
22.Thedayhasbroken,_________thebirdsaresinging.
23.Thegasmusthavebeenusedup,_________thefirewentoutofitself.
三)复合句:
由一个主句加上一个或更多的从句构成的句子叫复合句。
从句是用来修饰主句的,只充当主句的一个成分。
Exx:
判断下面句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。
1.Theywaitedandwaited.
2.Happinessandsadnessaretwins.
3.HehelpsmeandIhelphim.
4.WhenIwentintotheclassroom,hewasreading.
5.Themantookoutthekey,openedthedoorandenteredtheroom.
6.InordertoimproveEnglish,Jennyboughtalotoftapesforherself.
7.Themedicineisbitter,butitisgoodforyourhealth.
8.Whatyousaidistrue.
9.Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingoverthere.
10.Hewashappyandexcited.
11.Wewenttoschoolandmotherstayedathome.
12.Keepon,andyouwillsucceedinsolvingtheproblems.
13.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.
14.MygrandmotherfellasleepwhileshewaswatchingTV.
15.Ourdifficultyiswherewecanfindaladder.
16.Iwanttoknowwhenandhowtheyleft.
17.TheshipwentdownintheNorthAtlanticafterhittinganiceberg.
18.Startnow,oryou’llfeelregret.
定语从句精讲精练
一、定义:
在复合句中用作定语的句子叫做定语从句。
简言之,就是一个句子充当了定语。
结构:
先行词+关系词+从句
1.Ilikethebeautifulbook.
2.Ilikethebookwhichyougaveme.
3.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
二、定语从句的术语及特点。
一)、术语:
1.先行词
关系代词:
2.关系词
关系副词:
先行词:
大家知道,定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。
那么,被定语从句修饰的这个名词或代词就叫先行词
关系词:
引导定语从句的词。
1.Ilikethebook(whichyougaveme.)
先行词关系词
2.Youmustdoeverything(thatIdo).
先行词关系词
二)、定语从句的特点:
定语从句具有_________________词的特点,一般紧跟在先行词之后。
判断:
Theletterisonthedeskwhichshewrote.
三)、关系词的作用:
1.引导定语从句
2.代替先行词
3.担任从句的成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语)
例:
1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
(that代替______________________,在从句中作_____________语)
2,TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommybrother.
(which代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)
3.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.
(who代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)
4.Mr..Wangisthemanwhomyoushouldwriteto.
(whom代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)
5.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandparents.
(whose代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)
6.Pleaspassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.
(whose代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)
7.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.
(where代替_____________,在从句中作_____________语)
三、定语从句的分类:
限制/定性定语从句
非限定制性定语从句
Isaidnothingatthemeeting,whichmadehimveryangry.
注:
非限制性定语从句还可将整个主句作为先行词,也就是说它说明、代替的是整个主句;限制性定语从句只可修饰名词或代词:
名词名词/代词
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
(的先行词)代词(的先行词)
句子
四、定语从句的翻译:
限制性定语从句:
译成“…的”,放在先行词前,
非限制性定语从句:
译成汉语时,一般用并列句,即单独译成一句话,放在主句之后。
Exercises:
1.Iknowthemanwhocamejustnow.
2,Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
3.ShehasasonwhoworksinBeijing.
4,Shehasason,whoworksinBeijing.
5.Mr.A,whosewifeteachesFrench,isateacherofpiano.
6.Thefilmthat/whichIsawlastnightwasboring.
7.Isawafilmlastnight,whichwasboring,
五、定语从句的关系词(9)
关系代词(6个):
who,whom,that,which,whose,as
关系副词(3个):
when,where,why
六、关系代词的用法:
一)先行词指人时:
关系代词可用________、___________或_____________,
who在从句中作____________语
whom在从句中作__________语,口语中也可用who来代替whom。
that在从句中作____________语、____________语或____________语
eg:
1.Thegirl____________________youmetyesterdaywasmysister,
2.Iknowaforeigner_____________isfromSouthAfrica
3.Heisnolongertheboy_______hewassixyearsago.
★who与that的区别:
1.Those________areinfavoroftheplanpleaseraiseyourhands.
2.He_________doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
3.Anyone_________failstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.
4.Imetsomeone_________saidheknewyou.
5.LiLei,__________isnowinRussia,sentmeane-maillastnight.
总结:
用who不用that的情况:
1)当先行词是people或是指代人的those用who
2)当先行词是人称代词he,she,…,或指人的不定代词all,any,one,ones,anyone,someone等时,用who
3)在非限制性定语从句,不能用that
★只用that的情况:
1.Whoisthewoman____________youtalkedwithjustnow?
2.Theytalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______________theyrememberedatschool.
总结:
1、当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,虽然先行词是人,关系代词也最好用that,以避免歧义。
2、先行词有两个,既指人也指物时,只能用that。
★只能用whom的情况:
Eg.Thisisourmathteacher,from________welearntalot.
总结:
关系代词前有介词时,只能用whom,而不用who或that.
EXX:
1.Those__________wanttogocampingsignuphere.
2.Theones_________flattermedon’tpleaseme.
3.Iknowtheman___________cameyesterday.
4.Shehasason,________worksinafactory.
5.Themanto__________Ispokejustnowisafamousscientist.
二)、先行词指物时,只能用that或which
★只能用that的情况:
★只能用which的情况:
1.引导非限制性定语从句时;
2.当关系词前有介词时;
3.先行词是that时。
EXX:
1.Thisisthebook______________youaskfor.
2.Motherboughtmeabirthdaygift____________wasverybeautiful.
3.Thisistheverybook___________Ihavebeenlookingfor.
4.Thisisthebestfilm__________Ihaveeverseen.
5.Thisisall__________Iknow.
6.Whoisthewoman_________waspraisedatthemeeting?
7.Whichisthebike____________youlost?
8.Youcantakeanyseat___________isfree.
9.Sheistheonlygirl___________canspeakJapaneseinourclass.
10.Doyouknowthethingsandthepersons___________theyaretalkingabout?
11.Chinaisnolongerthecountry________itusedtobe.
12.Isthereanythingelse__________youwanttosay?
13.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof___________sataboy.
14.Thisistheverypenwith_________Iwrotethatletter.
15.Tomcameback,____________madeushappy.
16.Thisisthehotelin___________helivedlastnight.
17.Iboughtseveralapples,_____________wereverycheap.
三)、关系代词whose的用法:
★whose等于先行词的所有格,表示所属关系,在从句中作定语。
也就是说,当先行词与从句的主语/、宾语是所属关系时,用whose来引导这个定语从句。
Whose在从句中不能省略,它所修饰的先行词既可是人,也可是物。
例:
1.LiHua,_________parentsarebothteachers,isgoodatEnglish.
2.Lisaboughtanewnotebook_____________coverisred.
3.Doyouseethehouse_________roofisyellow?
4.Theoldwoman,___________twodaughtershavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears,willgooverseas.
5.RecentlyheboughtanancientChinesevase,____________pricewasveryreasonable.
★whose若指物时,它还可以同ofwhich互换,即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich
=ofwhich+the+名词
例:
RecentlyheboughtanancientChinesevase,whosepricewasveryreasonable.
=RecentlyheboughtanancientChinesevase,___________________wasveryreasonable.
=RecentlyheboughtanancientChinesevase,____________________wasveryreasonable.
EXX:
1.Lisaboughtanotebookwhosecoverisred.
=Lisaboughtanotebook____________________________isred.
=Lisaboughtanotebook____________________________isred.
2.Doyouseethehousewhoseroofisyellow?
=Doyouseethehouse_______________________________isyellow?
=Doyouseethehouse_______________________________isyellow?
3.Helivesintheroomwhosedoorisgreen.
=Helivesintheroom______________________________ isgreen.
=Helivesintheroom_________________________________isgreen.
4.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,__________leadingactorisworld-famous?
5.GeorgeOrwell,___