英国建筑风格Englisharchitecturalstyle.docx

英国建筑风格Englisharchitecturalstyle.docx

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英国建筑风格Englisharchitecturalstyle

英国建筑风格（Englisharchitecturalstyle

Romewind（Romanesque）

EarlyChristianarchitectureisalsodevelopedwiththe

Byzantinearchitecture.ThescaleisfarlessthantheancientRomearchitecture,designandconstructionaremorerough,butmostlyfromAncientRomeruinsbuildingmaterials,architecturalartinheritedthesemi-circulararchstructureofancientRome,formslightlyancientRomestyle,calledRomestylearchitecture.

Romewindarchitectureinthe11-12centuryinWesternEuropedevelopedtothepeak.Itlookssimilar,closedthecastle,doorsandwindowsarethesemicircle,oftenthroughartgalleryeven,lightandlively.

InsidethelambCathedralinEngland,builtintwelfthCentury,theperfectRomewindstylecanbeseen.

Gothic（Gothic）

ThefurtherdevelopmentoftheRomewindarchitectureisthe

GothicarchitecturecenteredonFranceinWesternEuropeinthe12-15century.

"Gothic"istoparticipateintheeliminationofRomeslavery

Germanic"barbarian"offifteenthCentury,theRenaissancemovementagainstthefeudaltheocracy,advocatingrevivaloftheancientRomeculture,butatthetimeofthearchitecturalstyleknownas"Gothic",toexpressnegationofit.Thisperiodisstillinthechurchbuilding,architecturalstylecompletely

outoftheinfluenceofancientRome,butbythesharpcoupons（fromtheEast）,pointedarches,ribsteepsloperoofandtwochurchtower,buttress,beamcolumn,floweremptylatticeetc.foritscharacteristics.

WestminsterAbbey,england.Asthemainrepresentativeof

Britishmedievalarchitecture,WestminsterAbbeyarchitecturalstyleandfeatures,althoughconstantlychangeinthemarathonwasbuilt,fromtheNormanstyle,Gothic,untiltheearlyRenaissancestyle,butitstillbelongstothebasicfeaturesoftheGothic,soafter700yearsofrepairandstillcankeeptheoriginal.ReallythankstoScottthatthearchitect.

ChurcharchitectureforGothic,anumberofstainedglassinlaidbythespiretiedtogether,itlookschic.Themiddleofacrowdedchurchandcemetery,buriedmanygreatfigures.Owingtothelargepopulation,thecoffinhadtobestoodupandburiedintheground.Finally,therewasnopintostarttransferringthegreatmentotheChurchofStPaul.

BritishGothicbuildingsappearedlaterthanFranceandbecamepopularinthe12~16century.TheChurchofEnglanddonotliketheFrenchchurchstandsinthecrowdedcitycenter,tolarge,thecontrolofthecity,andisoftenlocatedintheopencountrysideenvironment,aspartofacomplex,themonasterybuildingsarelow,andthewateralongthestretchdirectionofthousandsmonastery.TheydonotattachimportancetostructuraltechniquesasFrenchchurchesdo,buttheyaremorefreeanddiverse.ThedurationofthechurchinEnglandisverylong,andduringtheperiodofrebuildingandconstruction,it

isdifficulttofindaunifiedwholestyle.

ClosetoSalisburyCathedralinEnglandandFranceinAmiensduringtheconstructionofthecathedral,deepinthelowerchamber,arrangedonbothsidesofthesidehall,moreprominentcrosswing,andafterashorthorizontalwing,canaccommodatemorepriests,thisisthewaytheBritishcommonlayout.Thefacadeofthechurchisalsotothewest.Thefirsttoendsquarehall,rarelywiththecentralhall.TheChurchofSalisburyalthoughthereareflyingbuttresses,butnotsignificantly.

ThespiresofEnglishchurchesatplaneintersectionstendtobehigh,formingthecenterofthecomposition,andthewestsideofclocktowerisrelegatedtoasecondaryposition.ThecentralminaretoftheChurchofSalisburyisabout123metershigh,thehighestintheEnglishchurch.ThechurchisofBritishinterest,buttheinteriorisstillFrenchandsimpletodecorate.Laterinsidethechurch,therewasastrongEnglishstyle.ThewestwindowoftheChurchofYorkiscomplex,latticeformedbythemanycurvesandvividpatterns.Thevaultsoftheperiodwererich,andtheribsoftheChurchofExeterwereaslargeasthebranchesofabigtree.Theywereverypowerful,andthecolumnsweremadeofmanycolumns.

TudorStyle（TudorArchitecture）

ThefirsthalfofsixteenthCentury,theoutlineofthemanorhousestillbeatingtowers,battlements,chimney,shapeismorerugged,thearrangementisalsoverycasual.

Structure,doors,fireplaces,decorativeandothercommonlyusedfourcentercoupons,thewindowismostlysquare.IntheNetherlandsundertheinfluenceoflove,builtofredbrick,masonrymortarisverythick,waist.Stampfeet,lintel,top,windowandsoon,withgraywhitestone,verysimple.Therearenotmanyfactorsinthecolumn,andtheyarefairlyfreetohandle.Theinteriorismadeofdarkwood,andtheboardsaremadeofBASrelief.Theceilingismadeoflightcoloredplastering,madeofcurvesandstraightlines,withacentralbellhangingfromthecenter.Someimportanthallsaredecoratedwithornatehammerrooftrusses（Hammer,beam）.Thisisawoodenframeverydecorative,fromtwosidestothecentrallevelup,graduallyincreased,supportandacarvingdelicatedroopingdecorationanarcofeachlevel.Thisstyleofarchitecture,whichwasthestyleoftheMedievalRenaissanceperiod,wasnamedafterthe"TudorStyle",becauseitwasthentheEnglishTudordynasty.

NowtherealestatedevelopersarealsospeculationTudorStyle（historically,manorandotherresidentialstyleoftheupperclass,andnowthepropertydevelopersshouldbeaimedatthemiddleofthecommunity）.

Renaissancearchitecture（Renaissance,Architecture）

ItisastyleofarchitectureaftertheGothicarchitectureinthehistoryofEuropeanarchitecture.BorninItalyinfifteenthCentury,itwasspreadtootherpartsofEuropeandformedaRenaissancearchitecturewithitsowncharacteristics.TheRenaissancearchitectureofItalyoccupiesthemostimportantplaceinRenaissancearchitecture.

RenaissancearchitectureispopularinEurope15-19centurybuildingstyle,sometimesincludingBaroquearchitectureandclassicalarchitectureoriginatedinItaly,Florence.IntheorytheRenaissancethoughtbasis;intheformofexclusivesymboltheocraticGothicarchitecturalstyle,advocatingtherevivalofancientRomearchitecturalforms,especiallytheclassicalcolumnratioofthesemicircle,withdomeasthecenterofthearchitecturalformetc..Forexample,theItalyFlorencemansion,VicenzavillarotundaandFrenchpalaceinFontainebleau.

buildingtechnology

ThemixedapplicationofLiangZhusystemandarchstructure;largewallbuildingwithstone,brickorstoneinside,thelowerandupperbrick;withthedrumseatandthedomeinthesquareplane;thetopofthedomeinsidetheshellandribs;thesearereflectedinthestructureandconstructiontechnologyhasreachedanewlevel.

Cityandsquare

Urbanrenewalisoftenpursuedwithsolemnsymmetry.TypicalexamplessuchasFlorence,Venice,Romeandsoon.SomelateRenaissanceidealcityplan,themostrepresentativeistheidealcityV.scamozzi.Thesquarewasgreatlydevelopedduringtherenaissance.Accordingtoitsnature,itcanbedividedintomarketactivitiessquare,MemorialPlaza,decorativeplazaandtrafficplaza.Accordingtotheform,therearerectangularsquares,roundorovalsquares,irregularsquaresandcompoundsquares.Thesquaregenerallyhasatheme,surroundedby

ancillaryconstructionfoil.Earlyaroundthesquarelayoutmorefree,moreclosedspace,ofteninthesideofthesquarestatuesquare;latestrict,commonopenspacearoundthecolonnade,oftenplacedinthecenterofthesquare,thestatue.

Gardens

SincefourteenthCentury,theconstructionofgardenshasbecomeafad.InfifteenthCentury,thearistocraticwealthyGardenVillaalmostalloverFlorenceandNorthernItalycity.InsixteenthCentury,gardenartdevelopedtoapeak（seegardensinItaly）.

ThemostobviousfeatureofRenaissancearchitectureistheabandonmentoftheGothicstyleofthemedievalperiod,whilethereligiousandseculararchitecturereuseselementsofcolumncompositioninancientGreeceandRome.RenaissancearchitectsandartistsbelievedthatGothicarchitecturewasthesymbolofChristiantheocracy,andthatthearchitectureofancientGreeceandRomewasnonchristian.Theybelievethattheclassicalarchitecture,especiallytheclassicalcolumncomposition,seesharmonyandreason,andhassomethingtodowiththebeautyofthebody,

Theseareinlinewiththehumanisticideasoftherenaissance.ButtheItalyRenaissancearchitectisnotancientpeople.

Althoughsomepeople（suchasPalladioandVignola）setstrictstandardsforclassicalcolumnsintheirwritings.Butthearchitectsofthattime,includingPalladioandVignolahimself,werenotfetteredbythenorm.Ontheonehand,theyusedclassicalcolumns,andontheotherhandtheywereflexible,

boldandinnovative,andevenfusedthearchitecturalstylesofvariousregionswithclassicalcolumns.TheyalsoappliedmanyofthescientificandtechnologicalachievementsoftheRenaissance,suchasmechanicalachievements,perspectivelawsinpainting,newconstructiontools,andsoon,tothepracticeofarchitecturalcreation.

InfluenceonBritain

InthemiddleofthesixteenthCentury,theRenaissancearchitecturewasgraduallyestablishedinEngland,andthearchitecturewastransitional.ItinheritedboththeTudortraditionofGothicarchitectureandthedetailsoftheRenaissancearchitectureinItaly.MedievalEnglandwaskeenonbuildingmagnificentchurchesandbegantopayattentiontoseculararchitectureinthesecondhalfofthesixteenth

Century.Largeluxurymansion,wealthynobles,gentrybuiltinthevillage,therearetowersandgables,entablature,parapet,handrailsandchimneywallsoftenopenmanywindowsprotrudewindow