Projectile in an Inclined Plane 2.docx

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Projectile in an Inclined Plane 2.docx

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Projectile in an Inclined Plane 2.docx

ProjectileinanInclinedPlane2

PROJECTILEINANINCLINEDPLANESOLUTIONS.

SOLUTION#1:

PhysicsforScientistsandEngineers(3rd)

ByDouglasC.Giancoli

Chapter3- Problem49

Wechooseacoordinatesystemwiththeoriginatthebaseofthehill,withxhorizontalandyvertical

withthepositivedirectionup.

Whentheobjectlandsonthehill,y=xtanφ.Thedistanceupthehillisgivenby

d2=x2+y2=x2(1+tan2φ).

Thustomaximized,wecanmaximizex.Forthehorizontalandverticalmotionswehave

x=x0+v0xt=0+(v0cosθ)t=(v0cosθ)t;

y=y0+v0yt+½ayt2=0+(v0sinθ)t+½(–g)t2=(v0sinθ)t–½gt2.

Wecombinetheseequationstogetxafunctionofθ:

y=xtanφ=(v0sinθ)(x/v0cosθ)–½g(x/v0cosθ)2,whichgives

x=(2v02cosθ/g)(sinθ–cosθtanφ).

x=(2v02/g)(cossinθ–cos2θtanφ).

Wecansimplifythisbyusingtrigonometricidentitiestogetfunctionsof2θ:

sincosθ=½sin2θandcos2θ=½(1+cos2θ)

x=(v02/g)(sin2θ+cos2θtanφ+tan)

x=(v02/g)(1/cos)[sin2θ–(1+cos2θ)tanφ].

Thelaststephasanticipated;theterminsquarebracketsontherightisseentobe(sin2+),whichallowsustoexpresstherangeas:

x=(v02/g)(1/cos)[sin(2θ+)+sinφ].

Tofindthevalueofθformaximumx,wesetdx/dθ=0:

dx/dθ=(v02/g)[2cos2θ–(–2sin2θ)tanφ]=0,whichgives

=(v02/g)[2cos2θ+2sin2θ)tanφ]=0

2sin2θ/2cos2θtanφ=0

tan2θ=–cotφ,orθ=½tan–1(–cotφ).

Notethatthenegativesignmeansusingtheanglegreaterthan90°fortheinversetangent.

 

SOLUTION#2:

UniversityPhysicswithModernPhysics(11th)

ByHughD.Young,RogerA.Freedman

Chapter3 - Problem89

a)Accelerationduetogravityisg=9.8m/s2.Wecanstartbywritingtheequationsforxandy

asafunctionoftime.Bynow,wecaneasilyseethatwehave:

x=x0+v0xt=0+(v0cosφ)t=(v0cosφ)t;

y=y0+v0yt+½ayt2=0+(v0sinφ)t+½(–g)t2=(v0sinφ)t–½gt2.

Wecancombinetheseequationstogetarelationbetweenxandyforpointsonthetrajectory;

Fromthefirst,wehave

t=x/(v0cosφ);

andputtingthisintothesecondonegives:

y=(v0sinφ)(x/v0cosφ)–½g(x/v0cosφ)2

y=xtanφ–gx2/2(v02cos2φ)

Whatistheconditionforthetimethattheprojectilehitstheslope?

Unlikeproblemswhereaprojectile

impactswiththeflatgroundorthewall,wedonotknowthevalueofxandyatimpact.Butsincetheincline

hasaslopeoftan+.Thesetworelationsbetweenxandyallowsustosolveforthevaluesofxandywhere

theimpactoccurs.Substituting,foryabove,wefind:

xtan=xtanθ+φ–gx2/2(v02cos2θ+φ)

Alittlearrangementgives:

gx2/2v02cos2θ+(tanθ-tanθ+)=0

Andthesolutionforxis:

x=2v02cos2θ+(tanθ+φ–tanθ)/g

Theproblemhasustosolveforthedistanceduptheslope;thisdistanceisrelatedtotheimpactvalueofx

by:

d=x/cos

d=x/cos=2v02cos2θ+(tanθ+φ–tanθ)/gcos

b)Formaximumrange,wehavedx/d=0

d/d=2v02cos2θ+tanθ+φ–tanθcos2+/gcos=0

Since

cos2θ+tanθ+φ=cos2θ+sinθ+φ/cosθ+φ

=½(2sinθ+cosθ+φ)

=½sin2(θ+φ)

d/d=2v02/gcos½sin(2θ+2φ)–tanθcos2+=0

=2v02/gcos½sin(2θ+2φ)2+tanθ2cosθ+φsinθ+φ=0

=2v02/gcoscos(2θ+2φ)+tanθsin(2θ+2φ)=0

=cos(2θ+2φ)+tanθsin(2θ+2φ)=0

–tan=cos(2θ+2φ)/sin(2θ+2φ)

cot(/2+)=cot(2θ+2φ)

/2+=2θ+2φ

2φ=/2-

φ=/4-/2

 

SOLUTION#3:

PhysicsforScientistsandEngineers(6th)

ByRaymondA.Serway,JohnW.Jewitt

Chapter4 - Problem50

 

a)Accelerationduetogravityisg=9.8m/s2.Wecanstartbywritingtheequationsforxandy

asafunctionoftime.Bynow,wecaneasilyseethatwehave:

x=x0+v0xt=0+(v0cosφ)t=(v0cosφ)t;

y=y0+v0yt+½ayt2=0+(v0sinφ)t+½(–g)t2=(v0sinφ)t–½gt2.

Wecancombinetheseequationsweget

y=xtan–gx2/2(v02cos2)

Settingx=dcos(),andy=sin(),wehave;

dsin()=tan()(dcos()–g(dcos()2/2(v02cos2).

Solvingfordgives;

d=2v02cos2sin()cos()–sin()cos()/g2cos2().Or

d=2v02cos2sin(–)/g2cos2().

b)Weeliminatet=

 

SOLUTION#4:

a)Wehave:

x=x0+v0xt=0+(v0cos)t=(v0cos)t;

y=y0+v0yt+½ayt2=0+(v0sin)t+½(–g)t2=(v0sin)t–½gt2.

Wecancombinetheseequationstogetarelationbetweenxandyforpointsonthetrajectory;

Fromthefirst,wehave

t=x/(v0cos);

andputtingthisintothesecondonegives:

y=(v0sin)(x/v0cos)–½g(x/v0cos)2

y=xtan–gx2/2(v02cos2)

Calltheoriginofcoordinatesthelaunchpointwithup+yandhorizontallyacrosstheincline+xThemotionoftheprojectilewith0=+φ.Theprojectilestrikestheplanewithy=xtan.Then

xtan=xtan(+φ)-gx2/2vo2cos2(+φ).

Theequationhasthetriviailsolutionx=0,andthesolutionofinterest

x=2v02/gcos2(θ+φ)(tan(+φ)–tan()).

Nowthedistancesuptheinclinecorrespondingtothexis:

x/s=cos()s=x/cos().

So,aftersimplifyingabit,

s=2v02/gcos2(θ+φ)/cos()(sin(θ+φ)cos(θ)-sin(θ)cos(θ+φ)/cos(+φ)cos()

s=2v02/gcos(θ+φ)/cos2()(sin(θ+φ)cos()–sin()cos(θ+φ)/cos2()

Atrigonometricidentity;givesus:

s=2v02/gcos(θ+φ)sin(φ)/cos2()

b)Theoptimumφisdeterminedbysettingthederivativeofswithrespecttoφtozero:

ds/dφ=2v02/g–sin(θ+φ)sin(φ)+cos(θ+φ)cos(φ)/cos2()=0

=–sin(θ+φ)sin(φ)+cos(θ+φ)cos(φ)=0

Atrigonometricidentityreducesthisto:

cos(+2φ)=0+2φ=90ºφ=45º–/2

SOLUTION#5:

 

a)Wehave:

x=Rcos()=v0cos()tandy=Rsin()=v0sin()t–½gt2.

Wecancombinetheseequationstogetarelationbetweenxandyforpointsonthetrajectory;

Fromthefirst,wehave

t=R/(v0cos);

Solvetheequationfortandsubstitutethisintothesecondequation

Rsin()=v0sin()Rcos()/(v0cos)–½g()Rcos()/(v0cos)2.

sin()=sin()cos()/cos()–gRcos2()/2v02cos2()

tan()=tan()–gRcos2()/2v02cos2()

gRcos()=2v02cos2()tan()–tan()

R=2v02cos2()tan()–tan()/gcos()

 

http:

//www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/people/codoban/PHY138/Mechanics/ch3p43.pdf

http:

//academic.udayton.edu/LenoPedrotti/examples/206kinematics.pdf

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