高三英语新课Unit4ITheBirthofaScience人教版.docx
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高三英语新课Unit4ITheBirthofaScience人教版
2019-2020年高三英语新课Unit4(I)—TheBirthofaScience人教版
一.本周教学内容:
Unit4(I)—TheBirthofaScience
二.知识总结与归纳:
1.Untilthen,mostlydoctorsandsurgeonsstudiedherbs.Attemptshadbeenmadebyotherstoclassifyplantspeciesintogroups,butthebreakthroughcamewiththeworkofCarlLinnaeus.
直到那时为止,内科医生和外科医生大都研究过草药,另一些尝试按植物种类进行分类,但是突破性进展却来自CarlLinnaeus。
mostly:
大部分地,主要地
Moreimmigrantsarrived,mostlyEuropeans.
ThefilmwasmadeinScotland,mostlyinGlasgow.
Attemptshadbeenmade…是makeattemptstodo/atsth.的被动形式。
Shemadeanattempttohideherdistress.
Theyfailedinalltheirattemptstoclimbthemountain.
attempt作为及物动词,表示:
尝试,企图
Youareattemptingadifficulttask.
2.Inhissystemtheidentificationofdifferentspecieswasbasedonthearrangementofthemaleandfemaleorgansintheflowers.
在他的分类体系中,不同种群的鉴别是以花中的雄性和雌性器官的排列为基础的。
bebasedon:
建立在……基础之上
Hisreasoningisconvincingbecauseitisbasedonscientificanalysis.
Oneshouldalwaysbaseone’sopiniononfacts.
Sheusedherfamily’shistoryasabaseforhernovel.
3.Bornintoalifeofprivilege,JosephBankswasthesonofawealthyfamily.
JosephBanks是一个富裕家庭的儿子,生来就享有特权生活。
beborninto/to/of…出生于……
Magiewasbornintoawealthyfamily.
ShewasbornofGermanparents.
born的其他用法:
Hewasabornmusician.
Abornteacher,shethoughtshecouldturnadeaf-blindpersonintoausefulhumanbeing.
Allmenarebornthesameandequal.
4.Manyyoungmeninhispositionwouldleadacosylife,butyoungBankshadanappetiteforknowledge.
许多像他这样有地位的年轻人过的是舒适安逸的生活,而年轻的Banks却渴求知识。
position:
处境;境地;地位;位置;姿势
I’mnotsurewhatIshoulddoifIwereinhisposition.
TheyweremenofthehighestpositioninEngland.
haveanappetitefor:
渴望做……
Ihaveagreatappetiteforclassicalmusic.
Don’teatthecake,oryouwillspoilyourappetite.
Helosthisappetiteforpoliticsafterbeatenintheelection.
5.Asastronomywasoneofthemostimportantbranchesofscience,itwastheBritishgovernmentthatpaidforalltheequipmentandexpensesforthatpartoftheexpedition.
因为天文学是一个很重要的科学分支,所以英国政府赞助了这次考察中天文学部分所需要的设备和经费。
后半句是一个强调句:
被强调部分是:
theBritishgovernment
Expense:
花费,开支
常用短语:
at…expense
如:
atgreat/noexpense
Hehadhisbookathisownexpense.
Hefinishedtheworkattheexpenseofhisrest.
6.Bankswasthefirsttomovecropsfromonecontinenttoanotheronalargescale,helpingtodeveloplocaleconomieswiththesenewimports.
Banks首开先河把一个地方的作物大规模地引进到另一个地方,从而用这些新进口物资促进了当地经济的发展。
…thefirsttomove…:
不定式结构:
be+序数词+todosth.
helping…:
现在分词形式做结果状语。
onalargescale:
大规模地
Inordertocelebratethetwentiethanniversaryofthepany,theyareentertainingonalargescale.
scale还有“标准,等级”的意思
Theforceofthewindismeasuredonastandardscaleof0—12.
Heisthepersonwhoishighonthesocialscale.
7.AfterthatCaptainCookmadetwomorevoyagesaroundtheworld,butJosephBanksneverundertookanother.Frombehindhisdesk,however,hewasinvolvedinenterprisessuchastheexplorationofAfricaandthesettlementofAustralia.
在那以后,Cook船长还作过两次环球航行。
但是JosephBanks再也没有出过海。
然而,他却在幕后卷入了诸如探索非洲和开拓澳洲之类的事业。
behindhisdesk:
指幕后。
beinvolvedin….:
牵扯,卷入,参与。
Nearlyallthecountrieswereinvolvedinthelasttwoworldwar.
Don’tinvolveyourselfwiththosepeople.
involve:
还有“包含,难免出现……;带头”等意思。
Houseworkinvolvescooking,washing,sweepingandcleaningandsoon.
Togetthereinvolvedcrossinganumberofmountains.
8.IngrowingstrawberriesBankswentbacktotheabandonedpracticeofspreadingdrawunderthefrittoreducethenecessaryamountofwatering.
在种植草莓时,Banks采用了早已经废弃的在果实下面铺稻草的办法来降低用水量。
abandon:
放弃;丢弃;
GeorgewenttoLondontostudylaw,butabandoneditforart.
abandononeselfto:
沉溺于……;陷入……
Someyoungpeopleabandonedthemselvestopleasureanddonothing.
【典型例题】
一.单项选择:
1.Doyouknowthe______forobtaininganewpassportnextyear?
I’llgotoAustralia.
A.processB.procedureC.proceedingD.proceedings
答案:
B
分析:
你知道明年办理新护照的手续吗?
process:
过程;进程;procedure:
步骤;程序;proceeding:
诉讼程序;proceedings:
事件,一系列行动
2.Childreninschoolare_____intogradesaccordingtohowmuchtheyknow.
A.listedB.classifiedC.binationD.described
答案:
B
分析:
在学校根据孩子们了解知识的多少被分为不同的年级。
classify:
分类……;list:
列举;bination:
联合;describe:
描述
3.Thebasiccausesareunknown,butcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen____.
A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed
答案:
A
分析:
导致癌症的根本原因尚不清楚,但某些致癌因素已被证实.identify:
identification的动词形式:
验明;鉴定。
guarantee:
保证;notify:
通知;convey:
传送;传达
4.Onlyguestsofthehotelenjoy_____bowlingonthe9thfloor.
A.favorB.possibilityC.privilegeD.advantage
答案:
C
分析:
只有本宾馆内的客人具有到九楼打保龄球的特别待遇。
privilege:
特权,特别待遇;favor:
恩惠;偏爱;possibility:
可能性;advantage:
优势
5.______energymustbereleasedinoneform,forexample,anearthquake.
A.GatheredB.CollectedC.AccumulatedD.Resembled
答案:
C
分析:
被积累起来的能量必须以某种形式释放出来;比如说地震。
Accumulated:
逐步积累起来,在此是过去分词做定语;gather;collect指一件一件地收集;resemble:
相似
6.Theplaywas_____whenitwasdiscoveredhowmuchtheschemewouldcost.
A.desertedB.resignedC.abandonedD.ignored
答案:
C
分析:
当发现该剧本将耗资巨大时就被放弃了。
abandon:
遗弃;desert:
丢弃,抛弃(使……孤立);resign:
辞职;ignore:
忽略
7.JohnKerryadmittedhisdefeatinaphonecalltopresidentBushinthemorning,___thexxrace.
A.toendB.endingC.endedD.end
答案:
B
分析:
清晨JohnKerry给Bush打电话承认竞选失败,结束了总统竞选。
现在分词做结果状语。
二.翻译句子:
1.我不是在指责你,我只是想弄清事故是如何发生的。
(merely)
2.他通过房地产投资积累了大量的财富。
(accumulate)
3.他参加了国家独立的伟大事业。
(beinvolvedin)
4.这些数字是根据市场价格的平均数得出的。
(bebasedon)
5.他特别喜欢具有挑战性的工作。
(haveanappetitefor)
6.我们必须委派一个委员会来处理此事。
(appoint)
答案:
1.I’mnottryingtocriticizeyou.I’mmerelytryingtofindouthowtheaccidentoccurred.
2.Heaccumulatedalargefortunethroughhousinginvestment.
3.Hewasinvolvedintheenterpriseofmakinghiscountryindependent.
4.Thesefiguresarebasedonaveragemarketprices.
5.Hehasaspecialappetiteforchallengingwork.
6.Wemustappointamitteetodealwiththematter.
【模拟试题】
一.单项选择:
1.Therehasbeenhousingdevelopment____sincetheendoflastcentury.
A.toscaleB.inconsequence
C.indetailD.onalargescale
2.Theyhave______themselvesasdedicatedsocialworkers.
A.praisedB.distinguishedC.stoodoutD.beenhonored
3.Idon’tthinkJohnwould______hisfriendsiftheywereintrouble.
A.abandonB.accumulateC.appointD.involve
4.Advertisingpaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaysto____products.
A.designB.classifyC.promoteD.identify
5.Theboyhasanappetite_____Americancountrymusic.
A.toB.onC.withD.for
6.Amoderncityhasbeensetin____wasawasteland10yearsago.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
7.Theyarealwaysreadytogivethevacantseatto______esfirst.
A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
8.Manisborn____free,yeteverywhereheis____chains.
A.tobe/inB.being/byC.…/inD.…/by
9.MostchildreninGreatBritainareeducatedatthepublic’s____.
A.checkB.paymentC.expenseD.charge
10._____whatotherssay,Ithinkhe’saveryniceperson.
A.BecauseofB.InsteadofC.ExceptD.Despite
二.完型填空:
Somemythsarestoriestoldsinceancienttimestoexplainthecausesfornaturalhappenings.TheGreekmyththatexplainswhytherearechangesof1isaboutDemeter,thegoddessoftheharvest.Shehadadaughter,Persephone,whomshelovedverymuch.Hades,godoftheunderworld,fellinlovewithPersephone,andheaskedZeus,the2ofthegods,togivePersephonetohimashis3.ZeusdidnotwanteithertodisappointHadesortoupsetDemeter,sohesaidhewouldnotagreetothemarriage,butneitherwouldhe4it.Hades,therefore,decidedtotakethegirlwithout5.WhenPersephonewaspickingflowersinthegarden,he
seizedherandtookhertotheunderworld.WhenDemeter6whathappenedtoPersephone,shebecameso7thatshecausedallplantsto8.Peoplewerein9ofstarving,ButDemeterwasdeterminednottoletcropsgrow10herdaughter,Persephone,wasreturnedtoher.11,stillnotwantingtodisappointHades,decideduponaconditionforPersephone’s12.Shecouldgobacktohermotherifshehadnot13anythingwhileshewasintheunderworld.Demeter14itbecauseshedidnotknowthatPersephonehadeatenseveralpomegranate(石榴)seedsintheunderworld.WhenZeus15this,heagreedthatPersephonecouldspendpartoftheyearwithher16,butheaddedthatsinceshehadeatentheseeds,shemustspendpartoftheyearintheunderworld.Andsoit17thatwhenPersephoneisintheunderworld,Demeterissadandtherefore18notletthecropsgrow.Thatis19wehavewinterwhenplantsdonotgrow.WhenPersephonereturns,Demeteris20,itisspring,andplantsbegintogrowagain.
1.A.periodsB.seasonsC.timeD.age
2.A.winnerB.rulerC.advisorD.fighter
3.A.wifeB.loverC.partnerD.daughter
4.A.forbidB.forgiveC.admitD.accept
5.A.arrangementB.warningC.reasonD.permission
6.A.letoutB.workedoutC.thoughtoutD.foundout
7.A.excitedB.tiredC.angryD.serious
8.A.growfastB.startgrowingC.stopgrowingD.growslowly
9.A.dangerB.hopeC.turnD.case
10.A.sinceB.untilC.afterD.when
11.A.PersephoneB.ZeusC.DemeterD.Hades
12.A.returnB.changeC.marriageD.journey
13.A.stolenB.foundC.eatenD.heard
14.A.understoodB.refusedC.doubtedD.accepted
15.A.discoveredB.studiedC.forgotD.prepared
16.A.daughterB.motherC.godD.ruler
17.A.worksB.remainsC.happensD.starts
18.A.shouldB.canC.dareD.will
19.A.whereB.becau