高级英语BOOKUnitInauguralAddress课后答案.docx

高级英语BOOKUnitInauguralAddress课后答案.docx

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高级英语BOOKUnitInauguralAddress课后答案

高级英语BOOK2Unit4InauguralAddress课后答案

Ⅰ.JohnF.Kennedy（1917--1963）,35thPresidentoftheUnitedStates

　A.Hisfamilybackground

　JohnKennedy,whoseancestorscamefromIreland,wasthefirstRomanCatholictobecomepresidentoftheUnitedStates.At43hewasalsotheyoungestmaneverelectedtothehighestofficeofhiscountry,althoughhewasnottheyoungesttoserveinit.TheodoreRooseveltwasnotquite43whentheassasinationofPresidentMcKinleyelevatedhimtothePresidency.JohnFitzgeraldFrancisKennedywasbornonMay29,1917,inBrookline,Massachusetts.BrooklinewasthesuburbofBostonwherehisgrandfatherhadbeenelectedtomanypublicoffices.JosephP.Kennedy,fatherofthefuturepresi-dent,wasat25theyoungestbankpresidentinthecountry.Hewastobuildoneofthegreatprivatefortunesofhistime.HeandRoseFitzgeraldKennedyraisedafamilyofninechildren.Johnwasthesecondborn.

　WhenthefirstKennedychild,Joseph,Jr.,wasborn,fatherJoewasreportedtohavesaid,"He'11bethefirstKennedytobecomepresidentoftheUnitedStates."ButhewaskilledwhilepilotingabomberinWorldWarⅡ,andtheleadershipoftherisingKennedygenerationpassedtoJohn.

　ThusyoungJohnKennedy,oftencalledJack,inheritedabackgroundofpolities,wealthanddetermination.Thefamilycirclewascloseandwarm.Theboyslearnedcompetitionfirstinsports.Theyplayedhardtowin,afamilytraitinsportsandpoliticsalltheirlives.YoungKennedyattendedprivateschoolsinBrooklineandNewYorkCity;andthen,in1931,heenteredChoateSchool,inWallingford,Connecticuttoprepareforcollege.YoungKennedy,afterashortspellattheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPrinceton,enteredHarvard.In1940hegraduatedfromHarvardcurelaude.

　B.Hispoliticalcareerandelectionaspresident

　In1945theHearstnewspapershiredKennedytocovertheUnitedNationspreliminaryconferenceinSanFrancisco.HecoveredtheBritishelectionsthatyear,thendecidedhehadhadenoughofjournalism.Hedidnotknowwhetherhewouldlikepolitics,butdecidedtotryit.In1946heranforCongressasaDemocrat,inaBostondistrict.Thoughhedidnotlivethere,Kennedy,byhardcompaigning,defeatedalargefieldofrivals.Hewasre-electedtwice.ThenhetriedforelectiontotheUnitedStatesSenateagainstRepublicanHenryCabotLodge,whowassupposedtobeunbeatableinMassachusetts.ItwasabigRepublicanyearin1952,inMassachusettsandelsewhere,butJackKennedybeatLodgeby70,000votes.

　OnSeptember12,1953,KennedyandJacquelineBouvierweremarriedatNewport,RhodeIsland.Theyhadthreechildren—Caroline;John,Jr.,whomhisfathercalledJohn-John;andPatrickBouvier,wholivedbutafewdays.

　Kennedymissedbeingnominatedforvice-presidentbyafewvotesin1956.ButhegainedanintroductiontomillionsofAmericanswhowatchedtheChicagoDemocraticConventionontelevision.Whenhedecidedtorunforpresidentin1960,hisnamewaswidelyknown.Manythoughtthathisreligionandhisyouthfulappearancewouldhandicaphim.Kennedyfacedthereligionissuefrankly.Hedeclaredhisfirmbeliefintheseparationofchurchandstate.Hiswealthenabledhimtoassembleastaffandtogetaroundthecountryinaprivateplane.

　Kennedy’sfourtelevisiondebateswithRepublicancandidate,RichardM.Nixon,wereahighlightofthe1960campaign.ThedebatesprobablywereimportantinKennedy’sclosevictoryelectoralvotesto219forNixon.ThepopularvotewasbreathtakinglycloseKennedyreceivedonly18,574morevotesthanNixon--afractionof1precentofthetotalvote.（excerptsfromtheNewBookofKnowledge）

　C.Assasination

　InNovember1963,PresidentKennedyjourneyedtoTexasforaspeech-makingtour.InDallasonNovember22,heandhiswifewerecheeredenthusiasticallyastheiropencarpassedthroughthestreets.Suddenly,at12"30intheafter-noon,anassassinfiredseveralshots,strikingthepresidenttwice,inthebaseoftheneckandthehead,andseriouslywoundingJohnConnally,thegovernorofTexas,whowasridingwiththeKennedys.ThepresidentwasrushedtoPark-landMemorialHospital,wherehewaspronounceddeadabouta'halfhourlater.Withintwohours,VicePresidentJohnsontooktheoathaspresident.OnNovember24,amidnationalandworldwidemourning,thePresident’sbodylayinstateontherotundaoftheU.S.Capitol.Thenextday,leadersof92nationsattendedthestatefuneral,andamillionpersonslinedtherouteasahorsedrawncaissonborethebodytoSt.Matthew’sCathedralforarequiemmass.WhilemillionsofAmericanswatchedtheceremoniesontelevision,thepresidentwasburiedonanopenslopeinArlingtonNationalCemetry.Thereaneternalflame,lightedbyhiswife,marksthegrave.

　Onthedayoftheassasination,thepolicearrestedLeeHarveyOswald,a24-year-oldex-marine,forthepresident’smurder.Oswald,whohadlivedforatimeintheSovietUnion,killedDallaspolicemanJ.D.Tippitwhileresistingat-rest.Twodayslater,inthestation,OswaldhimselfwasbasementoftheDallaspolicefatallyshotbyJackRuby,anightclubowner.OnNovember29,PresidentJohnsonappointedaseven-membercommission,headedbyChiefJusticeEarlWarren,toconductathoroughinvestigationoftheassassinationandreporttothenation.Thecommission’sreportmadepubliconSept.27,1964,heldthatOswaldfiredtheshotsthatkilledthepresident.Further,toallaysuspicionsthatthemurderwasaconspiratorialplot,itstatedthatthecommittee"foundnoevidence"thateitherOswaldorRuby"waspartofanyconspiracy,domesticorforeign,toassassinatePresidentKennedy".

Ⅱ.1.Kennedythinkstheworldisdifferentnowbecausemanhasmadegreatprogressinscienceandtechnologyandhasnotonlythepower（scientificfarming,speedytransportation,massproduction,etc.）toabolishpoverty,butalsothepower（missiles，H_bombs，etc．）todestroyallformsofhumanlife．Iagreewithhim．

　2．AccordingtoKennedy，thebeliefstillatissuearoundtheglobeisthebeliefthatallmanarecreatedequalandGodhasgiventhemcertaininalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercantakeawayfromthem．

　3．Kennedyconsidersasfriends：

a）theoldalliesoftheU．S．，suchasBritain，Canada，Australia，NewZealandandthewesternEuropeancountries；b）thecountriesinSouthAmericaand；c）manyofthedevelopingcountriesinAsiaandAfricathatrelyonU．S．aid．Heconsidersallsocialistcountriesasfoes（allthattimethesocialistcampheadedbytheSovietUnion）andthosedevelopingcountriespreparingtotakethesocialistroad．

　4．Britain，Canada，Australia，NewZealand．andinawidersenseonemayalsoincludeFrance．

　5．ManynewnationswerebornafterWorldWarⅡ．especiallyinAfrica．In1960alone，justoneyearbeforeKennedy’sinauguralspeech，thefollowingcountriesinAfricadeclaredtheirindependence：

TheRepublicofCen—tralAfrica，TheRepublicofChad，TheRepublicofDa-homey，ThePeople’sRepublicoftheCongo。

The（jabonRepublic，TheRepublicofGhana．etc．

　6．ThepeoplewhoareinhutsandvillagesarethepoorpeopleinbackwarddevelopingcountriesinAfricaandAsia．（Studentgivecommentsontherestoftheanswer．）

　7．ThestatedpolicyofKennedytowardsLatinAmericaissummedupinthephrase“allianceforprogress”．Kennedypledgedtotakeconcretestepstoassistthesegovernmentsandpeopleincastingoffthechainsofpoverty．

　8．Kennedy’spolicytowards“hisadversary”isnegotiationfromapositionofstrength．TheU．S．mustfirstbestrongenoughtodeterheradversary．FromthisstrongpositionofabsolutemilitarysuperiorityKennedyproposesnegotiatingwiththesocialistcamp（ortheSovietUnion）onthefollowingproblems：

a）armscontrol，b）cooperationinthefieldsofscience，technology，artsandcommerce，c）anewworldsystem．

　9．Hecallsonhisfellow—Americanstomakenewsacrifices．todowhathiscountrycallsonhimtodo．Heshouldbepreparedtosacrificeeverything，evenhislifeifnecessary，todefendfreedom，towageconstantwaragainsttyranny，poverty，diseaseandwar．The“longtwilightstruggle”isnotahotwarbutaconstant，perseveringfightagainsttyranny，poverty，diseaseandthethreatofwar．

　10．ThereareprobablysomeexaggerationintheclaimthatfreedomwasinitshourofmaximumdangerwhenKennedyassumedoffice．However，itishistoricallyjustifiablethatKennedyassumedofficeatatimewhenfreedomwasinamostcriticalhour．Thenewpresidenthadtofacemanydangersandcrises．Athome，freedomwasendangeredbythewitchhuntingcampaignagainstgovernmentworkersaccusedofbeingcommunistsstartedbySenatorMcCarthy．SoKennedymadehimselfastrongsupporterofcivilrights．

Ⅲ．1．Therhetoricaldevicesemployedincluded：

figuresofspeech，parallelandballancedstructures，repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases，andantitheses．

　2．Yes，theaddressiswellorganized．Kennedyaddressedhisoldfriendsfirstwithsweetestwordsandthenhisfoeswithsharpwords．Theorderisclearandappropriate．

　3．Inthishighlyrhetoricaladdress，therearemanyexamplestoshowthatKennedyisveryparticularandcarefulinhischoiceofanduseofwordsaswellashischoiceofsentencepatternsandstructures.Forexample,inthesentence"Tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferaspecialpledge",theword"sister'isparticularlychosentoconnoteequalityandmutualgoodrelationsinhisattempttoallaythetraditionalfearsthesecountrieshaveoftheirpowerfulbigbrotherinthenorth.Andinthesentence"Finally,tothosenationswhowouldmakethemselvesouradversary,weoffernotapledgebutarequest",thephrase"wouldmakethem-selves