考点02 阅读理解记叙文解析版.docx
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考点02阅读理解记叙文解析版
考点02阅读理解记叙文
Passage1(2021·江西鹰潭市·高三一模)
DaphneSoares,abiologist,makesanamazingdiscoveryaboutalligators.Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligator(短吻鳄)waswhenshewashelpingtobolddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.Itwasthenthatshenoticedisfacewascoveredwithlittleblackspots.Thisledtothediscoveryofthelittleblackdots.
Shestartedherstudyoftheblackdots.Whenshereadthebooksandscientificjournals,shelearnedthatpeoplehadnoticedthedots,butnoonereallyknewwhatthedotswerefor.
Tofindoutthesecretsheplacedelectrodes(电极)onnervescomingfromsomeofthedots.Whenthenervesfired,theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent.Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.Shetiredtoseeifthedotsactedlikeeyesandtemperaturesensors,butnothingworked.
Onedayshewascarelesswithdroppingatoolintoanalligator’stank.Whensheputherhandinthetanktogetthetoolout,shemadesmallwavesinthewater.Whentheyreachedthealligator’sface,sheheardanoiseoverthespeaker.Shethenrealizedthatthedotsmustbesensitivetothechangesinpressurewhenhitbywavesofwater.
Afterthat,sheisnowstudyingblindcavefish.Sheistryingtolearnwhethertheyareblindfrombirthorlosetheirsightastheygrowup.Sheisalsodoingmoreresearchoncrocodilians(鳄目).Shewantstofindouthowthegenesofalligatorswithpressuresensorsonlyontheirfacesdifferfromthegenesofcrocodiliansthathavepressuresensorsallovertheirbody.
1.WhydidDaphneSoaresfirstgetclosetothealligator?
A.Toobserveitsblackdots.B.Tofindthesecretofitsdots.
C.Tohelpotherstoholditup.D.Topreventitfrommoving.
2.WhathappenedwhenDaphneSoaresfirstputelectrodesonthenervesofsomeblackdots?
A.Alittlenoisewassentout.B.Anelectriccurrentcreatedamessage.
C.Thenerveswereonfiresuddenly.D.Thenervessensedtemperaturechanges.
3.HowdidDaphneSoaresfirstfindthefunctionofallogators’blackdots?
A.Byexperiment.B.Byreference.
C.Byaccident.D.Bycomparison.
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Cavefishlosesightastheygrowup.
B.DaphneSoaresdevotesherenergytoresearchwork.
C.Alligator’sgenesarethesameascrocodilian’s.
D.DaphneSoaresdiscoveredanewspeciesofalligator.
【答案】
1.D2.A3.C4.B
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述DaphneSoares关于短吻鳄的一些研究发现。
1.细节理解题。
根据文章第一段“Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligator(短吻鳄)waswhenshewashelpingtobolddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.”可知,她第一次真正接近短吻鳄是在她帮助击落一只8英尺高的美洲短吻鳄时。
由此可知,在帮助抓住短吻鳄时,她第一次真正接近短吻鳄,故选D。
2.细节理解题。
根据文章第三段“Tofindoutthesecretsheplacedelectrodes(电极)onnervescomingfromsomeofthedots.Whenthenervesfired,theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent.Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.”可知,为了发现其中的秘密,她将电极放置在来自这些点的神经上。
当神经触发时,它们向大脑发送信息并产生微小的电流。
就在这时,她听到扬声器里传来一个小小的声音。
由此可知,当DaphneSoares第一次把电极放置在来自这些黑点的神经上,听到了一个小小的声音,故选A。
3.推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段“Onedayshewascarelesswithdroppingatoolintoanalligator’stank.…Shethenrealizedthatthedotsmustbesensitivetothechangesinpressurewhenhitbywavesofwater.”可知,有一天,她不小心把一个工具丢进了鳄鱼的水箱里。
当她把手伸进水箱取出工具时,她在水里激起了小浪。
当他们走到鳄鱼的脸上时,她听到扬声器里有声音。
然后她意识到这些点一定对水波冲击时压力的变化很敏感。
由此可知,DaphneSoare第一次发现鳄鱼的这些黑点的作用是她不小心把一个工具丢进了鳄鱼的水箱的这次,可推断是一次意外事件,故选C。
4.推理判断题。
根据最后一段“Afterthat,sheisnowstudyingblindcavefish.…Shewantstofindouthowthegenesofalligatorswithpressuresensorsonlyontheirfacesdifferfromthegenesofcrocodiliansthathavepressuresensorsallovertheirbody.”可知,在那之后,她现在正在研究盲穴鱼。
她试图了解他们是天生失明还是在成长过程中失明。
她也在做更多关于鳄鱼的研究。
她想找出只有面部有压力传感器的短吻鳄的基因与全身都有压力传感器的鳄鱼的基因有什么不同。
由此可知,本段描述的都是关于DaphneSoares所做的研究,推断出DaphneSoares致力于研究工作。
故选B。
【点睛】推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作意图等。
以推断隐含意义的题目居多。
推断隐含意义,即要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。
题干中常含infer(推断),suggest(暗示),imply(暗示),indicate(暗示),conclude(推断,得出结论)等词语。
解此类题,首先找到相关信息,然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义,最后结合语境和常识,在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作者的言外之意。
如小题4,根据最后一段“Afterthat,sheisnowstudyingblindcavefish.…Shewantstofindouthowthegenesofalligatorswithpressuresensorsonlyontheirfacesdifferfromthegenesofcrocodiliansthathavepressuresensorsallovertheirbody.”可知,在那之后,她现在正在研究盲穴鱼。
她试图了解他们是天生失明还是在成长过程中失明。
她也在做更多关于鳄鱼的研究。
她想找出只有面部有压力传感器的短吻鳄的基因与全身都有压力传感器的鳄鱼的基因有什么不同。
由此可知,本段描述的都是关于DaphneSoares所做的研究,推断出DaphneSoares致力于研究工作。
故选B。
Passage2(2021·吉林白城市·白城一中高三一模))
Agraduationceremonyrecordingofthenationalanthem(国歌)becamesomuchbetterthanasocial-distancingperformancewhenamanwanderingbydecidedtojoininwithgreatharmonies.
PortlandStateUniversitygraduateMadisenHalbergwasbeingrecordedinapubliccityparkthatrunsthroughthecampus,aftertheschool'sdecisiontoholdavirtualceremonyonJune14.Suddenly,whilethevideocrewwererecordingherperformanceofTheStar-Span-gledBanner,theOregonoperasingerEmmanuelHenreidhappenedtowalkby.Itwasakindofserendipity.TheclassicallytrainedsingerwhoperformswiththePortlandOperawantedtojoininit.
Henreidhasbeentryingtokeephisinstrumentinshapeasalllocalmusicalvenueshavebeenclosedandhisdateswiththeoperacompanycancelled.
“Oncehestartedsinging,Iimmediatelyrelaxedintothesoundofhisvoice,”HallbergtoldGNN.“Hisvoicewassogood,andIrealizedIwasgettingthechancetosingwithasupertalentedmusician!
”
Hallbergwasthrilledthathisquestforsinginginthestreetslandedhiminhervideo.“Isawitasatotalblessing,andgettingthechancetoshowlovingcareforothersfelttrulyspecialduringthistimeoftheviruswhenpeopleareoftenisolated.”
“Iwastotallysurprisedthatsomeonewouldhavethecouragetojustwalkupandsingwithme,butthat'ssomethingthatIadmireabouthim.Lookingback,I'msogladthatpeoplearetouchedbywhathappened,”sheadded.“Ithinkit'simportanttospreadpositivityandhopeforthefuture,andIthinkthat'swhattwopeoplecomingtogethertosingtheanthemcando.”
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"serendipity"inparagraph2mean?
A.Entertainment.B.Tradition.C.Situation.D.Coincidence.
6.WhatdidHallbergthinkaboutHenreid'ssinging?
A.It'scrazy.B.It'sordinary.C.It'sbeautiful.D.It'sembarrassing.
7.WhatmaybeHallberg'sexpectation?
A.Toorganizeadifferentgraduationceremony.
B.Tohelppeopleovercomethepresentdifficulty.
C.ToperformwithHenreidinlocalmusicalvenues.
D.Togetpeopletosingthenationalanthemtogether.
8.WhywastherecordingspecialaccordingtoHallberg?
A.Ithelpedherbecomethefocusofothers.B.Itofferedherachancetoprovehercourage.
C.Itshowedthenecessityofsinginginthepark.D.Itturnedintoachancetosharepositiveenergy.
【答案】
5.D6.C7.B8.D
【分析】本文是记叙文。
当Hallberg在城市公园进行毕业典礼的国歌录制的时候,Henreid碰巧路过并加入演唱。
此举传递了正能量,给予了人们对未来的希望。
5.词句猜测题。
根据上文“Suddenly,whilethevideocrewwererecordingherperformanceofTheStar-Span-gledBanner,theOregonoperasingerEmmanuelHenreidhappenedtowalkby.(突然,当摄制人员在录制她表演的《星条旗》时,俄勒冈歌剧歌手EmmanuelHenreid碰巧从她身边走过)”可知,Henreid碰巧路过录制现场,这是一种巧合。
由此推知,划线词与coincidence意思接近。
故选D。
6.细节理解题。
根据第四段中“Oncehestartedsinging,Iimmediatelyrelaxedintothesoundofhisvoice,(他一开始唱歌,我就立刻放松下来,融入到他的声音中)”和“Hisvoicewassogood,(他的声音很好听)”可知,Hallberg认为Henreid的嗓音非常好,听他唱歌让自己感到放松。
由此可知,Henreid的歌声非常美妙。
故选C。
7.推理判断题。
根据第五段“Isawitasatotalblessing,andgettingthechancetoshowlovingcareforothersfelttrulyspecialduringthistimeoftheviruswhenpeopleareoftenisolated.(我认为这是一种祝福,在病毒肆虐的这段时间里,人们经常很孤独,有机会向他人表达关爱真的很特别)”可知,Hallberg能得到机会向其他人展示关怀,这是感觉很特别的事。
由此推出,帮助人们战胜目前的困难应该是Hallberg所期望的。
故选B。
8.推理判断题。
根据第一段可知,Hallberg的国歌录制变成了一个不一样的活动。
再根据最后一段“Ithinkit'simportanttospreadpositivityandhopeforthefuture,andIthinkthat'swhattwopeoplecomingtogethertosingtheanthemcando.(我认为传播积极性和对未来的希望是很重要的,我认为这就是两个人聚在一起唱国歌所能做的)”可知,Hallberg认为那次录制向人们传播了正能量。
由此可知,那次录制的特别之处在于它变成了一个Hallberg传递正能量的机会。
故选D。
Passage3(2021·辽宁丹东市·高三一模)
Thatnight,whenAksionovwaslyingonhisbedandjustbeginningtosleep,someonecamequietlyandsatdownonhisbed.Hepeered(看)throughthedarknessandrecognizedMakar.
"Whatmoredoyouwantofme?
"askedAksionov."Whyhaveyoucomehere?
"
MakarSemyonovichwassilent.SoAksionovsatupandsaid,"Whatdoyouwant?
Goaway,orIwillcalltheguard!
"
MakarSemyonovichbentcloseoverAksionov,andwhispered,"IvanDmitrichforgiveme!
"
"Whatfor?
"askedAksionov.
"ItwasIwhokilledthemerchantandhidtheknifeamongyourthings.Imeanttokillyou,too,butIheardanoiseoutside,soIhidtheknifeinyourbagandescapedoutofthewindow."
Aksionovwassilent,anddidn'tknowwhattosay.MakarSemyonovichslidoffthebed-shelfandkneltupontheground."IvanDmitrich"hesaid,"forgiveme!
IwillconfessthatitwasIwhokilledthemerchant,andyouwillbereleasedandcangotoyourhome."
"Itiseasyforyoutotalk,"saidAksionov"butIhavesufferedforyouthesetwenty-sixyears.WherecouldIgonow?
...Mywifeisdead,andmychildrenhaveforgottenme.Ihavenowheretogo..."
MakarSemyonovichdidnotrise,butbeathisheadonthefloor."IvanDmitrich,forgiveme!
"hecried."Whentheyflogged(鞭打)mewiththeknot,itwasnotsohardtobearasitistoseeyounow...yetyouhadpityonmeanddidnottell.Forgiveme,devilthatIam!
"Andhebegantosob.
WhenAksionovheardhimsobbing,hetoo,begantoweep."Iwillforgiveyou!
"hesaid."MaybeIamahundredtimesworsethanyou."Andatthesewordshisheartgrewlight,andthelongingforhomelefthim.Henolongerhadanydesiretoleavetheprison,butonlyhopedforhislasthourtocome.
InspiteofwhatAksionovhadsaid,MakarSemyonovichconfessedhisguilt.Butwhenth