女性主义视角下斯嘉丽毕业设计论文.docx
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女性主义视角下斯嘉丽毕业设计论文
女性主义视角下斯嘉丽•奥哈拉的性格特点
中文摘要
1926年,美国著名作家玛格丽特·米歇尔创作了《飘》,耗时近十年才得以出版。
《飘》是一部表现美国南北战争前后旧南方人们生活及心理变化的爱情小说。
尽管那个时代男女不平等,《飘》中的妇女却展示了和男性一样甚至胜于男性的勇气和智慧。
这本小说表现了早期的女性独立意识。
尤其是女主人公斯嘉丽·奥哈拉,她创立了新女性形象。
一方面斯嘉丽拥有着男性梦想中女性的美丽的容颜,另一方面,斯嘉丽勇敢又聪明,当陷入困境,她站起来保护她的家人和朋友。
在对抗主流价值观和追求女性自身权益和地位的过程中,斯嘉丽·奥哈拉拥有了早期的女性主义意识。
女性主义意识是实现女性独立的重要因素,基于这一主题,本文以玛格丽特·米歇尔的著名小说《飘》为蓝本分析其女主人公斯嘉丽·奥哈拉,主要从斯嘉丽·奥哈拉女性主义意识的特点入手。
法国著名作家西蒙·德·波伏娃曾说:
“女人不是生成的,而是造就的。
”
通过分析,本文得出了一个结论:
只有在不同的关系中保持独立的人格并互相帮助,女性才能在社会上获得平等的地位。
关键词:
玛格丽特·米歇尔,《飘》,斯嘉丽,女性意识觉醒,独立。
Contents
AcknowledgementsI
AbstractII
Chinese AbstractIII
1Introduction1
2TheoreticalFoundations2
2.1Feminismtheory2
2.1.2TheOriginalofFeminism4
2.1.3TheDevelopmentofFeminism5
2.2MajorFeminismCharactersinGonewiththeWind8
3TheFeminismCharacteristicsofScarlettO’Hara9
3.1TheGrowthbackgroundofScarlettO’Hara9
3.2DifferentScarlettwithFeminism9
3.2.1Pursuitoflove10
3.2.2StrongWillinWar12
3.2.3ArdentlyLoveforLand13
3.2.4RequirementsforfemaleRight14
3.3RelativePeopleintheFoundationofScarlett’sFeminism15
3.3.1EllenO’Hara15
3.3.2MelanieHamilton16
4TheincompletenessofScarlett’sFeminism18
4.1TheLackofDiscourseRight18
4.2TheLackofRationalThinking18
5Conclusions20
Notes22
Bibliography23
TheCharacterofScarlettO’HarafromthePerspectiveofFeminism
1Introduction
AsGonewiththeWindistheplotfoundationthisthesis,soatthebeginning,Iwouldgiveanintroductiontothewriterofthisnovel.MargaretMitchellisoneofthemostfamousAmericanwomenwriters.Shewasborninamiddle-classfamilyinAtlanta,Georgia,in1900.Hermotherwasawelleducatedsuffragettesupportingforwomen'svoteright.HerfatherwasalawyerwhowasknownforhisintelligenceandpunctiliousnessinAtlanta.WhenMargaretwasjustayoungchild,sheenjoyedwritingandlisteningtheveteran'stalkingaboutstoriesoftheWarBetweentheStates.In1929,sheaccomplishedheronlynovelGonewiththeWind,whichtooknamefromErnstDawson’spoetry‘Ihaveforgotmuch,Cynara!
gonewiththewind’.[2]InGonewiththeWind,Scarlett,theheroineofthenovel,wasaself-centeredgirlwhopossessthecharacteristicoffeminismconsciousness.Takingfeminineasitstheoreticalframework,thisthesistriestofindoutitsfeminismconnotationsinthenarrationofGonewiththeWind.
Therearethreemainresearchmethodsofthisthesis:
literatureresearchmethod,qualitativeanalysismethod,andexperientialsummarymethod.ThroughanalysisthecharacterofScarlettO’Harafromtheperspectiveoffeminism,Ihaveafullsightoffemale.Insomeway,understandingfeminismcanhelpfemaletorecognizethemselves,andenhancetheirconfidentandesteem.
Thisthesisconsistsoffiveparts.Firstisintroduction.ItmainlyintroducesthewriterofGonewiththeWind,MargaretMitchell,themainresearchmethods,andthesignificanceofthesis.Secondisthetheoreticalfoundation.Ittalksaboutthedefinition,originalanddevelopmentoffeminism.ThirdistalkingthefeminismcharacteristicsofScarlettO’Harafromthreeaspects.FourthistalkingtheincompletenessofScarlett’sFeminismfromtwoaspects.Intheend,itisconclusion.
2TheoreticalFoundations
2.1Feminismtheory
Feminismtheoryistheextensionoffeminismintheoryandphilosophycategory.Itseekstounderstandthenatureofgenderinequality.Itwasobservedamongsocialrole,experience,interests,andpoliticalparticipationoffemaleinmanyacademicfields,suchasanthropology,sociology,communicationstudies,psychoanalysis,literature,economics,educationandphilosophy.Feminismtheoryemphasizestheanalysisofgenderinequality.Feminismexplorationthemesincludediscrimination,materialized,oppression,patriarchal,prejudice,arthistory,contemporaryartandaesthetics.
2.1.1TheDefinitionofFeminismanditsCharacters
Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonfeminism.Intermsofopponents,feminismwasoftenregardsassuchconceptsthatheldbythoseextreme,rigid,deviantwoman.Therearealsomanykindsofopinionsinfeminism.Therepresentativesopinionsareasfollow:
firstofall,feminismisatheorywhichbasedongenderequality.Itobjectedthatanyfemalesufferdiscriminationofanyformfromsociety,individualoreconomic,andrequiresequalrightsforwomen.Secondly,feminismispoliticalstrugglewhichaimatimprovingthesocial,politicalandeconomicstatusofwomen.Thirdly,feminismisakindofideological,anditsbasicgoalistoeliminatediscriminationforfemaleandoverthrowthemaledominationofsociety.Fourthly,feminismreferstoasocialmovementagainstoppressionofwomen.Feministareanypeoplewhodevotethemselvestothosesocialmovements.
InsomeauthoritativedictionariesofWesternsociety,feminismmainlyhasthefollowingseveraldefinitions.Firstly,feminismreferstotheprinciplethatwomenshouldhaveequalrightsinthepolitical,economicandsocialwithmen.Thisincludestwomeanings:
ontheonehand,feministsshouldrecognizethatwomensufferedtheinequalityandinjusticetreatmentwhichmadethemfeelhelplessnessanddepressfromsociety.Thefundamentalpurposeoffeminismistoeliminatethoseinequalitiesbytakingpoliticalact.Onetheotherhand,feminismshouldrecognizethevalueandconceptsofthemselvesandknowtheircontributiontoculture.Secondly,feminismistoexplorethesociallife,philosophyandethics,anddevotethemselvestocorrecttheprejudicewhichcausesoppressionandcontemptforwomen.Thirdly,Feminismadvocatesfemaleshouldhaveallthecitizensrightsincludingtheequalityinsociety,politic,andeconomythesameasmen.Fourthly,Women'sliberationmovement,alsoknownasthefeministmovement,isasocialmovementforpursuingwomen'sequalrights,requiringthesamesocialstatusasmenandtherighttofreelychoosetheirowncareerandlifestyle.[3]
Fromtheaboveanalysis,itisobviousthatthefeminismdefinitionactuallyconsistsofthreeaspects:
politic,theoryandpractice.Inthepoliticalaspect,thefeministthoughttheinequalitybetweenmenandwomenisaquestionofpoliticalpower,sofeminismisakindofpoliticalstrugglewhichaimedatimprovingthestatusofwomen,withtheultimategoalofeliminatinggenderinequalityandallinequalities,promoteequality,cooperationandharmonybetweengenderandinterpersonal.Inthetheoreticalaspect,feminismisanewviewingangletounderstandtheworld,societyandhuman,emphasizinggenderequality,agreeingwithwomen'ssenseofworth,doctrineormethodologicalprinciple.Itsgoalisnotabstractknowledge,butaconcreteknowledgethatcanbeusedtoguidefeministpoliticalpractice.Inthepracticalaspect,feminismisasocialmovementforwomen'sliberation.
Accordingtothedefinitionoffeminism,wecansumupsomecharacteristicsoffeminism.Firstly,feminismisflowingandchanging.Feminismisnotanindependentscienceinthetraditionalsensefromthebeginning;itisnotonlyinexistingsciences,butalsobeyondthem.Itwasonceknownasnon-academicpoliticswithviewbutnotheoryandmethods.Feminismresearchisalwayscloselylinkedtothedevelopmentofotherdisciplines.Secondly,feminismishistorical.Nomatteritisideologicalrevolutionorsocialmovement,thegoaloffeminismisstilltoliberatewomen,itdevelopedwiththeprocessofwomen'semancipation.Itshistoricreflectsindifferenthistoricalmissionofdifferentagesandsocieties.Thirdly,feminismisnotonlyaabstractideology,butalsoaspecificpoliticalplatformandpoliticalstrategy.Allkindsoffeminismhaveitsownpolitical.Feminismisastrategyandalifeprinciplewhichdecideourthinkingandaction.Fourth,feminismisdiverse.Womenindifferentsocietiesandcircumstanceshavedifferentunderstandingoftheirneeds,asinglefeminismcannotexplainsuchdifference,andnoonecanhavetheauthoritytodefinefeminism.Thedifferenceoffeminismisalsoitsrich,healthyanddynamiccharacterization.Fifth,feminismisworldwide.Itaimedtoliberatewomenoutofallformsofoppressionandpromotethesolidarityamongwomeninallcountries.Sixthfeminismisanational,itaimedatcombiningthevariousofcountry-specificculturalandeconomicconditionstoconsiderthestrategiesofwomen'sliberate.
2.1.2TheOriginalofFeminism
TheriseoffeminismmovementinWesternsocietyhasitsspecificcontext.ThenthesocialstatusofwomeninEuropeisverylow.Beforetheseventeenthcentury,womenwhomarriedintheUnitedKingdomcannottomentionwhatthebasicrightsof,unlessherhusbandgiveherrightvoluntarily;whenherhusbandisstillalive,sheandherpropertyisjustthepersonalpleasureofherhusbandentirely.Insomecountries,ifthehusbanddiedwithoutatestament,thepropertyofthewomanwillbegiventoherhusband'srelatives,butnottoherorherchildren.SuchastheBritishChristianchurchessaid:
"Awomanshouldobeythewillofman,andmanishermaster.”Thatis,womencannotliveaccordingtothewillofher,leavingthemanshecannotdoanythingoreverythingcannotbeaccomplishedbyher.Sheshoulddowhatmenhasdone,andserveamanasamaster.Sheshouldalsobeafraidofman,belongtomanandobeytheman.
Previoushistoryoffeminismcanbetracedbacktoalongtimeago.Theearliestfeministscommittedtotheso-called"womanproblem",theycriticizedtherolewhichlimitedwomen,buttheydidnotnecessarilythinkthatwomenareweak,ormanshouldbecondemnedbecauseofit.Intheviewofmodernphilosophyandsocialmovement,feminismusuallyoriginatesfromtheAgeofEnlightenmentthinkersofthe18th