考研英语一.docx

考研英语一.docx

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考研英语一

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语

（一）试题及参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,__1__thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan__2__alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto__3__themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.__4__,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.__5__aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying__6__agoodfamily.

　　Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,__7__bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand__8__prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,__9__cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,and__10__acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe__11__.Newlysedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife’sparentsandmay__12__withthemuptoayear,__13__theycanbuildanewhousenearby.

　　Divorceislegalandeasyto__14__,butnotcommon.Divorecedpersonsare__15__withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains__16__propertyheorshe__17__intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis__18__equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice__19__up:

Thedivorcedmaledoesn’thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry__20__thewomanmustwaittenmonths.

　　1.[A]bywayof[B]onbehalfof[C]aswellas[D]withregardto

　　2.[A]adaptto[B]providefor[C]competewith[D]decideon

　　3.[A]close[B]remew[C]arrange[D]postpone

　　4.[A]Aboveall[B]Intheory[C]Intime[D]Forexample

　　5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless

　　6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through

　　7.[A]since[B]or[C]but[D]so

　　8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create

　　9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying

　　10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving

11.[A]meeting[B]collection[C]association[D]union

　　12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live

　　13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]if[D]for

　　14.[A]avoid[B]follow[C]challenge[D]obtain

　　15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed

　　16.[A]whereever[B]whatever[C]whenever[D]however

　　17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed

18.[A]invested[B]divided[C]donated[D]withdrawn

　　19.[A]warms[B]clears[C]shows[D]breaks

　　20.[A]while[B]sothat[C]once[D]inthat

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Text1

　　France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.

　　Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness”bypromotingextremedieting.

　　Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That’sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

　　Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen（andmanymen）thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

　　TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep—andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

　　Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

　　IncontrasttoFrance’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:

“Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.’Thecharter’smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek,whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.

　　Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

　　21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

　　[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

　　[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

　　[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

　　[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

　　22.Thephrase“impingingon”（Line2,Para2）isclosestinmeaningto____

　　[A]heighteningthevalueof.

　　[B]indicatingthestateof.

　　[C]losingfaithin.

　　[D]doingharmto.

　　23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

　　[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

　　[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

　　[C]Modelarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

　　[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

　　24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor____

　　[A]settingahighagethresholdformodels.

　　[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels’character.

　　[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

　　[D]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

　　25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

　　[B]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

　　[C]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

　　[D]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals

Text2

　　Forthefirsttimeinhistory,morepeopleliveintownsthaninthecounty.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfirmly,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService（NHS）aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

　　AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.”Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.”Hill’spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

　　Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.Theconservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorioverconservation,evenauthorizing“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

　　Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,nointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.

　　Theideathat“housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousebut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainst.highstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrowlandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

　　Developmentshouldbeplanned.notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugalSpainorIrelandavoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshoulduniteleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

　　26.Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

　　[A]didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

　　[B]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

　　[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

　　[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

　　27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing

　　[A]graduallydestroyed.

　　[B]effectivelyreinforced..

　　[C]properlyprotected.

　　[D]largelyovershadowed.

　　28.Whichofthefollowingc