French Identity 总结.docx

French Identity 总结.docx

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FrenchIdentity总结

1）TheFrenchState/Centralism

-“TheStateisme”

∙Theconsequences:

theprotectorStateandtheprotectedState.

-AprecursorNationState,theFrenchStatelimitsparticularinterests,defendsthefundamentallibertiesandorganisesEducation..

-TheFrenchStateisthemotorofEconomicgrowthandSocialprogress.

-Topreserveitsautonomy,theFrenchStatehasdevelopedaspecificlaw:

theadministrativelaw.

∙Theconsequences:

compulsoryregulationsandattemptstoavoidthem!

-AloveandhateattitudetowardstheStatedevelopedamongtheFrenchpopulation.

∙Theconsequences:

Allwaysleadto…Paris.

-Thespiderwebsystem.

-Publicorprivate:

decisionmakingpassedthroughtheCapitalCity.

∙Thereactions:

decentralisation.

-In1982,22Regionsarecreatedhavingpartoftheexecutivepowerandrulinglocaleducation.

∙Thepresentsituation.

-Theeffectofliberalismalleviatesbureaucracy.

-Presentcomparisonwithothercountriesismuchmorebalanced.

2）RepublicandSecularism.

∙Historicalbackground.

-Inspiteofbeingareligiouscountry,theCentralPowerhasalwayswantedtogivepre-eminenceoftheStateoverreligion.

-ThekingshavealwayswantedtopushasidetheinfluenceoftheChurch:

PopesinAvignon;“Gallicanism”underLouisXIV.

-DuringtheRevolution,thepriestshadtoswearfaithtotheState.

-In1880JulesFerryexpelstheChurchfromteaching.In1905,withthedevelopmentofanti-clericalism,alaworganisestheseparationoftheChurchandtheState.

∙TheFranceoftoday:

Theoppositionisclearbetweenthepublicspace（State,Institutions,School）andtheprivatespace（religionandfamily）.

Whathistoryteachesus:

theparadoxofFrenchvalues.

Universalism

Individualism

∙Conceptofequality

∙Needforfreedom（ofthoughtandexpression）

∙Ideaofsolidarity

∙Importanceofproperty.

∙Rightsandprotection（safety/health/retirement.

∙Tasteforpersonalprivilege

∙Spiritofcontradiction.

Whathistoryteachesus:

theparadoxofFrenchvalues.

State

Regions

∙Central

∙Identity

∙Secular

∙Traditions

∙Powerful

∙“Artdevivre”

∙Organised

∙Diversity

Whathistoryteachesus:

theparadoxofFrenchvalues.

Protectionism

Worldview

∙Nationalism

∙Europeanleader

∙“l’exceptioncuturelle”

∙Humanitariangroups

∙ProtectionofFrench

∙Acceptanceorexternalinfluenceandabilitytointegratenewideas

Francecorrespondstoamodel:

hierarchyandadministration.

Canwedefineitmorepreciselyandcomparetoothermodels?

France

Definition

Economicandfinancialsystem

-Publicsector:

importantorsmall?

-Bigfirms:

importantorsmall?

-Middleandsmallfirms:

sluggishordynamic?

FragileorStrong?

-Specialisation:

transports?

Planes?

Armsindustry?

Computers?

Pharmacy?

Foodindustry?

-Strongdevelopmentoffinancialmarkets?

-Arebanksstrong?

Socialsystem

-Employee/employerrelationship?

-Strengthoflabourunions?

-Respectofauthority?

-Respectofthestate?

RelationwiththeState

-State:

weakorstrong?

-Bureaucracy?

-Socialprotection?

TheAmericanmodel:

USA/Canada

Definition

Economicandfinancialsystem

-Riskfactorhighorlow?

-Interestforspeculation?

-Bigfirms:

importantorsmall?

-Middleandsmallfirms:

sluggishordynamic?

FragileorStrong?

-Specialisation:

transports?

Planes?

Armsindustry?

Computers?

Pharmacy?

Foodindustry?

-Strongdevelopmentoffinancialmarkets?

Socialsystem

-Employee/employerrelationship?

-Socialdisparity?

-Workmarketsituation?

-Strengthoflabourunions?

RelationwiththeState

-State:

veryactive?

-Bureaucracy?

-Socialprotection?

TheGermanmodel:

USA/Canada

Definition

Economicandfinancialsystem

-Co-managementmodel.

-Highinterestinspeculation?

-Shareholding:

stableorvolatile?

-Bigfirms:

importantorsmall?

-Middleandsmallfirms:

FragileorStrong?

-Specialisation?

-Roleofthebanks?

Socialsystem

-Socialdisparity?

-Workmarketsituation?

-Strengthoflabourunions?

RelationwiththeState

-State:

veryactive?

-Bureaucracy?

-Socialprotection?

France :

Socialtypes.TheBourgeoisandtheothers/Theleftapart.Theforeigncommunity.Immigrants.TheJewishissue.Theintellectuals.

1）Bourgeoisandtheothers/Theleftapart.

2）Foreigncommunity/Immigrants.

3）TheJewishissue

4）TheIntellectuals.

1）Bourgeoisandothers.

∙Whyisthe“Bourgeois”conceptaFrenchconcept?

:

-Historicalbackground.

-Thedifferenttypesofbourgeois:

thehighclass“GrandsBourgeois”,definedbyhighdistinctionthe“parvenus”,the“petitsbourgeois”andthe“beaufs”,the“bobos.The“gauchecaviar”

∙Farmers:

-Averyunequalprofession

-Atraditionoffight.

∙Industrialworkers:

afaintingidentityandafaintingimportance

∙Theleftapart:

oneFrenchin10canbeconsideredas“poor”.Itisanewstructure:

farmers,youngadultsoradultsindifficultywiththeworkmarket

∙TheSDFandLongtermunemployed.RMI.Associationsforhelpingthedrop-over:

RestosduCoeur,Magazines,

∙Individualism

2）Foreigncommunity/Immigrants.

∙Franceisanimmigrationland1stwave:

Belgians,PolishandItalians.2ndwaveinthe50swithSpanish,Portuguese,NorthAfricans,BlackAfricans,Indochinese.

∙ForeignersinFrance:

From1946to2000,1.7Mto4M.,alittleovertheEuropeanaverage.Immigrates:

bornabroadbutcanbeFrench.Foreigners:

immigrateswithouttheFrenchNationality.

∙Oneimmigratein3requestsobtaintheFrenchnationality.

∙ConcentratedintheParisArea:

40%

∙Clandestineand“SansPapiers”.

∙Fromintegration（“ourancestorstheGaulish”）toexpelling（“chartersofshame”）.

∙Greatimmigrantscanbecitedagainstargumentsofextremeright:

Zola,Picasso,Ionesco,Cioran,Charpak,andSarkozy.

3）TheJewishissue.

∙France:

thebiggestJewishcommunityaftertheUSA.:

600 000Jews.

∙AleadingandmostlyveryassimilatedcommunitysincetheFrenchrevolution:

politics,Intellectuals,Industry.

∙Anintegratedcommunitywhichlivesincommunity.

∙Olddevilsofintolerancehavenotvanished.21%FrenchsaytherearetoomayJewsinFranceand31%saytheyhavetoomuchpower.

∙Recentanti-Jewpositionsareradicallydifferentfromthepast.

4）TheIntellectuals.

∙“Wellmadeheads”

∙Acounter-power.

∙Theleftwingintellectuals.Intellectualnewspapersarealloftheleft:

LeMonde,Libé,LeNouvelObs.

∙Theplaceswheretheymeet.TheCollegeofFrance.Pariswastheintellectualcapitaloftheworldandstillisoneofthehighestplaceofintellectualexchanges.

∙Recentlossofinfluence.Aphilosopher:

“Sartreleftaplacethatnooneelsecanoccupybecauseithasbeenfilledbythemediaandnotbyaman”.InfluenceofBernardPivotandhis“Bouillondeculture”.Andlessfundamentalbeliefsjustifyingdebates?

Theeducationsystemandmanagement.

TheCartesianapproach.

Differentstartingpoints

Thecriticspiritandpersuasion.

Orientalform:

Judostyle;Americanstyle:

Americanfootball.WherearetheFrench?

∙“Thedoubt”

Thesis:

WhatIbelieve.

Antithesis:

whatcontradicts.

Synthesis:

thetruth.

∙“Thecertitude”

Mybelief:

+proof1.

+proof2.

+proof3.

.

The« beaulangage ».

Frenchlanguageand“Francophonie”.

TheFrenchlanguage

∙TheFrenchRevolutiondroveoutthelocallanguagesas“counter-revolutionary”;.

∙Frenchromantics:

“Onepeople,Onelanguage,OneNation”

∙Frenchhaveapassionaterelationshiptotheirlanguage.Illustration?

∙“AcadémieFrançaise”（FrenchAcademy）.

∙Masteringandrespect,loveofthelanguageistaughtfromprimaryschool.

∙Politiciansneedtobeeloquent,publishmemoirs,essays,chronicles.

∙Localaccentscanbereallylaughedat.

∙TohaveFrenchasamotherlanguage,isitabigdrawbackcomparedtoEnglishforinternationalcommunication?

“LaFrancophonie”.

∙OrganisingFrenchlanguageininternationalinstitutionsisauniqueexperience.

∙Frenchisspokenby110Mpeopleintheworldasafirstlanguage,and60Masanoccasionallanguage

∙Anglophonia:

aworldevidence.

Germanophonia:

aclosedintraEuropeancommunity

Hispanophonia:

coveringdifferentcontinentswithnouniversalproject.

Francophonia:

?

IsFrancophoniainadefensiveposition?

ReviewoftheEducationsystem.

∙AimoftheeducationinFrance?

∙Originalityofthesystem:

Baccalaureat.University/GrandesEcolesisauniquedualsystemwithnoequivalentinanyotherwesterncountry.

Grade

Year

Age

Primary:

5years

CP

6/7

CE1（elementarycourse1）

7/8

CE2（elementarycourse2）

8/9

CM1（middlecourse1）

9/10

CM2（middlecourse2）

10/11

Secondary:

7years

-College:

4years

6ème（6th:

1stforeignlanguage）

11/12

5ème（5th）

12/13

4ème（4th:

2ndforeignlanguage）

13/14

3ème

14/15

-Lycée:

3years

2ème

15/16

1ère（choiceofbaccalauréatoptions）

16/17

Terminale（baccalauréatexam）

17/18

Highereducation

-University

1stcycle:

Licence

Bac+3

2ndcycleMaster1

Bac+4

3rdcycle Master2

Bac+5

Thèsed’Etat（doctorateorPhD）

Bac+8

-GrandeEcole

Preparationschool（2yearsminimum）

18/19

（business ;engineering ;

Administration）

Entranceexam

AdmissiontoGrandesEcoles

20/22

Graduation

23/25

∙Roleofeducationindifferentcountries:

America:

startingajobandgettingmoremoney.

England:

competence;

Germany:

speciality.

France?

.

∙Notallenjoythesameprestige.AtthetopareENA（administration）,Polytechnique（engineer）,HEC（