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基于模糊PID控制的电阻炉炉温系统的研究
北京联合大学毕业设计外文原文及译文
题目:
基于模糊PID控制的电阻炉炉温系统的研究
专业:
电气工程与自动化指导教师:
张兆莉
学院:
自动化学院学号:
24
班级:
0710031104姓名:
杨京伟
一、外文原文
StabilityofLinearControlSystems
1.1INTRODUCTION
FromthestudiesoflineardifferentialequationswithconstantcoefficientsofSISOsystems,welearnedthatthehomogeneoussolutionthatcorrespondstothetransientresponseofthesystemisgovernedbytherootsofthecharacteristicequation.Basically,thedesignoflinearcontrolsystemsmayberegardedasaproblemofarrangingthelocationofthepolesandzerosofthesystemtransferfunctionsuchthatthesystemwellperformaccordingtotheprescribedspecifications.
Amongthemanyformsofperformancespecificationsusedindesign,themostimportantrequirementisthatthesystemmustbestable.Anunstablesystemisgenerallyconsideredtobeuseless.
Whenalltypesofsystemsareconsidered-linear,nonlinear,time-invariant,andtime-varying-thedefinitionofstabilitycanbegiveninmanydifferentforms.WeshalldealonlywiththestabilityoflinearSISOtime-invariantsystemsinthefollowingdiscussions.
Foranalysisanddesignpurposes,wecanclassifystabilityasabsolutestabilityandrelativestability.Absolutestabilityreferstotheconditionwhetherthesystemisstableorunstable;itisayesornoanswer.Oncethesystemisfoundtobestable,itisofinteresttodeterminehowstableitis,andthisdegreeofstabilityisameasureofrelativestability.
Inpreparationforthedefinitionofstability,wedefinethetwofollowingtypesofresponsesforlineartime-invariantsystems:
1.Zero-stateresponse.Thezero-stateresponseisduetotheinputonly;alltheinitialconditionsofthesystemarezero.
2.Zero-inputresponse.Thezero-inputresponseisduetotheinitialconditionsonly;alltheinputsarezero.
Fromtheprincipleofsuperposition,whenasystemissubjecttobothinputsandinitialconditions,thetotalresponseiswritten
Totalresponse=zero-stateresponse+zero-inputresponse
Thedefinitionsjustgivenapplytocontinuous-dataaswellasdiscrete-datasystems.
1.2BOUNDED-INPUT,BOUNDED-OUTPUT(BIBO),STABILITY-CONTIN
UOUS-DATASYSTEMS
Letu(t),y(t),andg(t)betheinput,output,andtheimpulseresponseofalineartime-invariantsystem,respectively.Withzeroinitialconditions,thesystemissaidtobeBIBO(bounded-inputbounded-output)stable,orsimplystable,ifitsoutputy(t)isboundedtoaboundedinputu(t).
Theconvolutionintegralrelatingu(t),y(t),andg(t)is
y(t)=∫0∞u(t-τ)g(τ)dτ(1-1)
Takingtheabsolutevalueofbothsidesoftheequation,weget
│y(t)│=│∫0∞u(t-τ)g(τ)dτ│(1-2)
or
│y(t)│≤∫0∞│u(t-τ)││g(τ)│dτ(1-3)
Ifu(t)isbounded,
│u(t)│≤M(1-4)
whereMisafinitepositivenumber.Then,
│y(t)│≤M∫0∞│g(τ)│dτ(1-5)
Thus,ify(t)istobebounded,or
│y(t)│≤N<∞(1-6)
whereNisafinitepositivenumber,thefollowingconditionmusthold:
M∫0∞│g(τ)│dτ≤N<∞(1-7)
OrforanyfinitepositiveQ,
∫0∞│g(τ)│dτ≤Q<∞(1-8)
TheconditiongiveninEq.(6-8)impliesthattheareaunderthe│g(τ)│-versus-τ-curvemust
befinite.
1.2.1RelationshipbetweenCharacteristicEquationRootsandStability
ToshowtherelationbetweentherootsofthecharacteristicequationandtheconditioninEq.(6-8)wewritethetransferfunctionG(s),accordingtotheLaplacetransformdefinition,asG(s)=└[g(τ)]=∫0∞g(τ)e-stdt(1-9)
Takingtheabsolutevalueonbothsidesofthelastequation,wehave
│G(s)│=│∫0∞g(t)e-st│dt≤∫0∞│g(t)││e-st│dt(1-10)
Since│e-st│=│e-σt│,whereσistherealpartofs.WhensassumesavalueofapoleofG(s),G(s)=∞,Eq.(1-10)becomes
∞≤∫0∞│g(t)││e-σt│dt(1-11)
Ifoneormorerootsofthecharacteristicequationareintheright-halfs-planeoronthejω-axis,σ≥0,then
e-σt≤M=1(1-12)
Equation(1-11)becomes
∞≤∫0∞M│g(t)│dt=∫0∞│g(t)│dt(1-13)
whichviolatestheBIBOstabilityrequirement.Thus,forBIBOstability,therootsofthecharacteristicequation,orthepolesofG(s),cannotbelocatedintheright-halfs-planeoronthejω-axis,inotherwords,theymustalllieintheleft-halfs-plane.AsystemissaidtobeunstableifitisnotBIBOstable.Whenasystemhasrootsonthejω-axis,say,ats=jω0ands=-jω0,iftheinputisasinusoid,sinω0t,whichisunbounded,andthesystemisunstable.
1.3ZERO-INPUTANDASYMPTOTICSTABILITYOFCONTINUOUS-DATASYSTEMS
Inthissectionweshalldefinezero-inputstabilityandasymptoticstability,andestablishtheirrelationswithBIBOstability.
Zero-inputstabilityreferstothestabilityconditionwhentheinputiszero,andthesystemisdrivenonlybyitsinitialconditions.Weshallshowthatthezero-inputstabilityalsodependsontherootsofthecharacteristicequation.
Lettheinputofannth-ordersystembezero,andtheoutputduetotheinitialconditionsbey(t).Then,y(t)canbeexpressedas
(1-14)
Where