华中农业大学考研《微生物英语》题库.docx

华中农业大学考研《微生物英语》题库.docx

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华中农业大学考研《微生物英语》题库

Test1:

DevelopmentofMicrobiology

1MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）

1.Thefundamentalunitofalllivingorganismsisthe

Membranecellnucleuscellwall

2.Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas

fungieukaryoticprokaryoticnankaryotic

3.Thethreekingdomclassificationsystemoforganismswasproposedby

PasteurBaconWinogradskyWoese

4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan

Chitinphospholipidsproteinglucosamine

5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby

EhrlichMetchnikoffLeewenhoekLister

6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibioticiscreditedto:

ListerFlemingEhrlichKoch

7Theterm"antibiotic"means

asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms

asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds

asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms

asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells

8ThefirstdocumenteduseofavaccineforsmallpoxwasreportedbytheEnglishphysician

Lister.FloreyFlemingJenner

9Activeimmunitycanbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:

developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies

developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens

Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'sownbody

developmentofantigensinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies

10TheprocessofnitrificationbybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts

ammoniatonitrateionsnitrateionstoammonia

N2toammoniaammoniatourea

11ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvectorisreferredtoas

Electroporationconjugationtransformationtransduction

12Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:

RNADNAproteinlipid

2FillintheBlank

1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled_______

2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_______

3..Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the_______andthe______

4._______areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.

5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:

arecalled_______.

6.______aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.

7.______requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.

8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas______.

9.______areorganismsthatproducemethanefromCO2.

10.______organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity

11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:

a.______b.______c.______d.______

12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:

_______.

13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof_______.

14.Virusesconsistof______surroundedbyaproteincoat.

15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoningandobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_____.

16.Thetheory_______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.

17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganismsbymoderateheatingiscalled:

_______.

18.Theprocessoftyndallizationusesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor_______microorganismsfromsolutions.

19.An_______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.

20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas_______.

21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulfforeignparticlesarereferredtoas______.

22.Asubstanceinserumthatcanneutralizeforeignmaterialisreferredtoas______or______.

23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled______thatinhibitsviralreplication.

24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedthattransformationofnonpathogenictopathogenicstrainsofbacteriacouldbecarriedoutbythetransferof______.

25.Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas______.

26.______istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother.

Test2:

MethodsforStudyingMicroorganisms

1MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）

1.Lightmicroscopyisdependentontheinteractionoflightwithonobject.Theabilityoflighttopassthroughanobjectisreferredtoas:

transportedlighttransmittedlightreflectedlightrefractedlight

2.Theresolvingpower（R）ofamicroscopeisdependentonthewavelengthoflight（;~）andthenumericalaperture（NA）ofthelens.TheformulaforRis:

R=0.5~.xNAR=0.5;~/NAR=NA/0.5JrR=Squarerootof0.5）./NA

3.Thegramstainuses~asamordanttofixtheprimarystain

Iodinealcoholacetonesafranin

4.Theacid-faststainisusefulintheidentificationofwhichofthefollowingorganisms

StaphylococcusaureusMycoplasmamycoidesMycobacteriatuberculosisMoraxellaosloensis

5.Botulismisaseriousdiseasethatcandevelopfromtheimpropercookingoffoodcontainingbacterialspores.Whichofthefollowinggeneraarecapableofproducingspores?

SalmonellaListeriaEscherichiaClostridia

6.Whichofthefollowingtypesofmicroscopesutilizeselectronbeamstovisualizeobjects?

NomarskiTEMPCMConfocal

7.Amixtureoforganismswasisolatedfromapatientsuspectedofhaving"StrepThroat."Whichtypeofmediawouldyouusetoisolatethesuspectedpathogen?

Definedenrichedselectivedifferential

8.Sterilizationofmaterialwithanautoclaveutilizessteamtokillmicroorganisms.Thecorrectprocedureforsterilizationwithanautoclaveis:

15minat121℃at15lb/in215minat256℃at15lb/in215minat121℃at1lb/in215minat121℃at1lb/in2

9.Anantibioticwasaddedtoacultureofbacteriatodetermineitseffect.Whatmethodofenumerationwouldyouusetodeterminetheefficacyoftheantibiotic?

directcountviablecountturbidimetriccountabsorbance

9.Identificationofmicroorganismscanbeaccomplishedbyanumberoftechniques.Whichofthefollowingrequiresthegrowthoftheorganism?

enzymelinkedassaygeneprobemetabolicfluorescent

2FillintheBlank

1.Amediawherealltheingredientsareknowniscalleda______media.

2.______techniqueisusedtomaintainapurecultureandavoidcontamination.

3.Sterilizationinstrumentthatutilizessteamunderpressure:

_______.

4.A______plateutilizesalooporneedletodistributeandisolatecoloniesonacultureplate.

5.______identificationutilizesantibodiesfornamingofbacterialspecies.

6.Bacteriacanbepreservedforlongperiodsoftimebyfreeze-dryingor______.

7.Themrbidimetricmethodofcountingbacteriautilizesa______tomeasuretheamountoflightpassingthroughasolution.

8.Theviableplatecountcountslivebacterialcoloniesintherangeor______to______

9.Acountingchamberandamicroscopeareusedinthe______countofbacteria.

Test3:

OrganizationandStructureofMicroorganisms

1MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）

1.Eukaryoticmembranescanbedifferentiatedfromprokaryoticmembranesbecauseeukaryoticmembranescontain____aspartofthelipidcomponentofthemembrane.

Phosphatesfattyacidsproteinssterols

2.Thearrangementofproteinsandlipidsinthemembraneisreferredtoasthe:

bilayermodelfluidmosaicmodeltrilayermodelpermeablemodel

3.Themovementofwatermoleculesacrossthemembraneinresponsetoaconcentrationgradientisreferredtoas

Diffusionosmosistranslocationtransport

4.Themembraneofacellisabletodifferentiatemoleculesthatenterorexitthecellandactasa____barrier.

Semipermanentsemitransparentsemipermeablesemidiffuse

5.Movementofmoleculesatanenhancedrateacrossthemembraneiscalled

facilitateddiffusionpassivediffusionosmosispermeation

6.Whichofthefollowingmechanismstransportsmoleculeswithoutchemicalalteration?

activetransportgrouptranslocationfacilitateddiffusionbindingproteintransport

7.WhichofthefollowingtransportmechanismoccursonlyinGram-negativebacteria?

activetransportgrouptranslocationfacilitateddiffusionbindingproteintransport

8.Whichofthefollowingtransportmechanismsoccursonlyinprokaryotes?

activetransportgrouptranslocationfacilitateddiffusionbindingproteintransport

9.Lysozymeandpenicillinhaveactivityagainstthecellwall.Lysozymebreaksthiscomponent;penicillinpreventsitsformation

Lipopolysaccharidephospholipidpeptidoglycanteichoicacid

10.Partialdestructionofthecellwallwithlysozymeleavesacellcalleda:

Protoplastspheroplastperiplastcapsule

2FillintheBlank

1.Mostcellsuseenergyintheformof______torunthecell.

2.Phospholipidsofeubacterialcellsarecomposedofa______groupanda_____onaglycerolbackbone.

3.Membraneproteinsfoundonthesurfacearecalled______proteins.

4.TheenergysourceforactivetransportineukaryotesisderivedfromATP.Theenergyforactivetransportinprokaryotesisderivedfrom______.

5.TheregionbetweentheoutermembraneinGram-negativebacteriaandthecellwalliscalledthe_______.

6.ExtrachromosomalDNAelementsfoundinbacteriaarecalled________.

7.Ribosomesarestructurescomposedof_______and______.

8.Thefluidinsideacellisreferredtoasthe________.

9.Thehereditaryorganelleofeukaryoticcellsiscalledthe______.

10.Theprocessbywhichacellengulfsandinternalizesparticlessuchasbacteriaorothercellsiscalled______.

Test4:

Eukaryotes

1MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）

l.F