定语从句汇总讲解与经典习题.docx

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定语从句汇总讲解与经典习题.docx

定语从句汇总讲解与经典习题

定语从句汇总讲解与经典习题

1.注意点:

(1)定语从句:

在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行词:

被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。

(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用:

引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)

常用的关系代词:

that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,"没有……不……",在从句中作主语,宾语)

常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):

when、why、where

2.几个关系代词的基本用法:

●that:

可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。

(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:

1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)

2.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)

3.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)

●which:

指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。

如:

1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)

2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)

3.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)

4.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)

●who,whom,whose:

who:

主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人

whom:

宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人

whose:

属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。

1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)

2.Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)

3.Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)

4.He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.

=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.

5.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)

6.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)

●as的用法:

(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

①如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;thesameas;such…as…;asmany/muchas;so…as等结构中。

如:

1.Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。

2.Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.)

3.--Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?

---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.

4.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.

5.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.

6.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.

比较:

Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)

Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)

②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。

(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)

※Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)

=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.

※Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)

3.关系副词引导的定语从句:

●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

其先行词是表时间的名词(如:

time,day,week,tear,month,etc.)

1.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.

2.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.

注意:

先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

1.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)

2.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)

●Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:

place,school,factory,room,etc.

1.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.

2.liveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.

注意:

先行词是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。

1.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.(作状语)

2.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)

●Why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。

先行词为reason时,可用forwhich指代;当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。

如:

1.Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.(状语)

2.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)

3.Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?

(作主语)

4.Hegotuplate.That's(thereason)why/forwhichhewaslate.(定语从句)

当先行词为way时,定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导,that常可以省略。

way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。

但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语

时,则用which或that引导。

如:

1.Thisistheway(that)/inwhichIdosuchthings.

2.Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.

4.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

1.形式上,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

2.语法上,非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

3.语义上,限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用,如果去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

1.ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

2.Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.

北京是中国八百年之久的古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

4.翻译时,限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为"的"字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。

(见上句翻译)

比较:

1.Hehasasister,whoisamusician.

2.Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose;关系副词when,where,why,etc.

1.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.

2.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.

4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.

5.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

●that&which:

只用that不用which的情况

①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,

1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople..

3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?

②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。

1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.

2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.

Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.

比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.

*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.

2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that.如:

1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.

2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater

2..Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。

Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。

1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?

2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?

⑨主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如:

1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.

1.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.

2.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.

只用which而不用that的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.

1.Letmeshowyouthenovel,thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.

What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.

(B)who&that:

who和that指代人时,有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that

①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如:

1..Anyonewhofailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.

2.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce

3.Idon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkbig.

4.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.

②在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如:

1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.

③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如:

1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.

④一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则宜用who,以免重复.如:

1.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.

●as&which:

as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:

①位置的不同:

which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as位置较灵活,也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。

如:

1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.

或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.

或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.

②先行词的不同:

as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;

which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子。

1.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(先行词是一个词)

2.Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.

③as一般译为"正如""就像","这一点"

asweallknow;asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.

高中英语定语从句经典习题(含答案)

1.Marylivesintheroom,thedoor_____openseast.

A.ofitB.ofwhichC.ofthatD.whose

2.Theengineer_____myfatheristalkinghasjustcomefromabroad.

A.withwhomB.withwhoC.withwhichD.that

3.Helivesinahotel,_____isonlyfiveminutes’walkfromhere.

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.where

4.Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou?

.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that

5.Thespeakerwilltellusaboutsomewritersandtheirworks_____areknowntous.

A.whichB.thatC.asD.who

6.Thisisthereason_____theyareallagainsttheplan.

A.whichB.thatC.whyD.what

7.Itwasnotuntillateintheevening_____thetravelerfoundahotel.

A.whichB.thatC.asD.where

8.Ididn’tliketheway_____shespoketome.

A.whichB.thatC.howD.as

9.Thisis_____Icandoforyourightnow.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as

10.Itwasatourcollegelibrary_____Iborrowedthenovel.

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.where

11.Ihaveseentrees,_____openatsunriseandcloseatsunset.

A.whichtheleavesB.ofwhichleavesC.whoseleavesD.itsleaves

12.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.

A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which

13.Theforeignguests,_____werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.

A.mostofwhomB.mostofthemC.mostofwhichD.mostofthose

14.OnthetrainIsawastudent

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