届浙江省慈溪市高三适应性考试英语试题解析版.docx
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届浙江省慈溪市高三适应性考试英语试题解析版
慈溪市2019年12月份高三适应性考试
英语试卷
注意事项:
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题);全卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前,考生务必把自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3.答第Ⅰ卷时,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑、涂满;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
4.答第Ⅱ卷时,用黑色墨水钢笔在答题卡规定区域内作答;答在本试卷上或超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分:
听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:
Howmuchistheshirt?
A.£19.15.B.£9.18C.£9.15
答案是C。
1.HowmanytimeshasthewomanbeentoChina?
A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.
2.Howmuchwillthemanhavetopayinall?
A.$60.B.$70.C.$80.
3.Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodo?
A.Performaconcert.B.Giveaspeech.C.Practicesinging
4.Whatdoesthewomanmostprobablydo?
A.Asecretary.B.Acoach.C.Amanager.
5.Wheredoesthewomanadvisethemantogoforajob?
A.Atashop.B.Ataschool.C.Atafactory.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6.Whatdidtheboyfailtodo?
A.Tomeethisuncle.B.Tofindhismistakes.C.Tofinishhisessay.
7.Howdoesthewomansound?
A.Strict.B.Patient.C.Cold.
听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。
8.What’swrongwiththewoman’sdaughter?
A
Shehadahighfever.B.Shehurtherarms.C.Shehadaseriousheadache.
9.Whendidthewomanseethedoctor?
A.At5:
15pm.B.At6:
30pm.C.At7:
00pm.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10.What’stherelationshipbetweenthewomanandMrBrown?
A.Coworkers.B.Neighbors.C.Strangers.
11.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?
A.Leavethelaptopwiththewoman.
B.Borrowamobilephonefromthewoman.
C.ComeoverforSundaydinnerwiththewoman.
12.WheredidMrBrownprobablygojustnow?
A.Toabookstore.B.Tohisoffice.C.Toagrocerystore.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13.Whatkindofhouseisit?
A.Ahousewithalargebackyard.
B.Ahousewithasmallkitchen.
C.Ahousewithonebedroom.
14.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoforthekitchen?
A.Topaintthewalls.B.Tobuysomeappliances.C.Tochangethecurtains
15.Whataspectofthehousearethespeakersworriedabout?
A.Itsprice.B.Itssize.C.Itsneighborhood.
16.Whatdoesthemanmean?
A.Thehouseistoofarfromhisoffice.
B.Heisverysatisfiedwiththehouse.
C.Thehouseisn’tsuitableforaparty.
听第10段材料,回第17至20题。
17.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?
A.Ashopmanager.B.Ashopassistant.C.Ashopcleaner.
18.Whathappenedtothedressafterthewash?
A.Itshrank.B.Itbecameloose.C.Itfaded.
19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlycomplainabout?
A.Theprice.B.Thequality.C.Theservice.
20.Whatdidthespeakergetwhenshemadethefirstcall?
A.Anewdress.B.Acoldanswer.C.Anapology.
第二部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
JohnB.Goodenough,anengineeringprofessorfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustin,hasbeenawardedthe2019NobelPrizeinChemistry-jointlywithM.StanleyWhittingham,achemistryprofessorfromtheStateUniversityofNewYorkandJapan’sAkiraYoshino,aprofessorofMeijoUniversity-forthedevelopmentoflithium-ionbatteries(锂电池).AccordingtotheNobelCommittee,thethreescientists“havecreatedtherightconditionsforawirelessandfossilfuel-freesociety,andsobroughtthegreatestbenefittohumankind”.
Goodenough,bornin1922,identifiedanddevelopedthekeymaterialsthatcanpowerportableelectronics,leadingtothewirelessrevolution.Today,batteriescontainingGoodenough’sinnovationsareusedworldwideformobilephones,powertools,laptops,tabletsandotherwirelessdevices,aswellaselectricvehicles.
Goodenoughreceivedabachelor’sdegreeinmathematicsfromYaleUniversityandadoctorateinphysicsfromtheuniversityofChicago.Hebeattheoddsagainsthim,firstovercomingdyslexia(阅读困难症)asachild,andthentheclaimofateacherwhotoldthedoctoralstudentinhis20sthathehadstartedtoolatetobesuccessfulinphysics.
Hebeganhiscareerin1952attheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology’sLincolnLaboratory,wherehelaidthegroundworkforthedevelopmentofrandom-accessmemory(RAM)forthedigitalcomputer.AfterMIT,GoodenoughbecameaprofessorandheadoftheInorganicChemistryLaboratoryattheUniversityofOxfordwherein1979hediscovereditwouldbepossibletostoreenergyinrechargeablebatteriesthroughlithiumcobaltoxide(锂钴氧化物).Thatdiscoveryhelpeddevelopthelithium-ionbattery.GoodenoughjoinedtheUniversityofTexasatAustinin1986,wherehisgroundbreakingworkcontinued.
At97yearsold,hestillcontinuestopushtheboundariesofmaterialsscience.Despitethelithium-ionbatterybeingwelldevelopedandavailableasacommercialproduct,ithasitslimitations.Itcan’tbechargedtoofastorovercharged.Goodenoughstillwantstoseesomenewdevelopments.
“IhopeUt-Austinstillkeepsmeemployed,”Goodenoughoncejoked.
1.Theunderlinedphrase“beattheodds”inParagraph3means““.
A.becomeveryfamousB.facethechallenges
C.winthecompetitionD.overcomethedifficulties
2.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.InMIT,GoodenoughmadetheimportantdiscoveryleadingtothedevelopmentoftheLithium-ionbattery.
B.Whenhestudiedforhisdoctorateinuniversity,notallhisteachersencouragedhimtobesuccessful.
C.AccordingtotheNobelCommittee,Goodenoughmadethegreatestcontributionsinthediscovery.
D.Becauseofhisoldage,Goodenoughfounditdifficulttoimprovethelimitationsofthelithium-ionbattery.
3.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.TheFatheroftheLithium-ionBatteries.B.ThreeScientistsareAwardedtheNobelPrize.
C.MaketheWorld“Goodenough”.D.It’sNevertooOldtoLearn.
【答案】1.D2.B3.C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了“为人类带来了最大利益”的三位科学家:
工程教授JohnB.Goodenough、化学教授M.StanleyWhittingham和日本明治大学教授AkiraYoshino共同获得了2019年诺贝尔化学奖。
文章详细说明了JohnB.Goodenough的发明,以及其职业生涯。
【1题详解】
词义猜测题。
根据后文firstovercomingdyslexiaasachild可知先是在孩童时期克服了诵读困难,由此可知,本句在说明他克服了重重困难。
故划线短语意思为“克服困难”。
故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第三段中thentheclaimofateacherwhotoldthedoctoralstudentinhis20sthathehadstartedtoolatetobesuccessfulinphysics.可知后来,一名教师告诉这位20多岁的博士生,他起步太晚,在物理学上不可能取得成功。
由此可推知,当他在大学攻读博士学位时,并不是所有的老师都鼓励他取得成功。
故选B。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。
根据第一段中AccordingtotheNobelCommittee,thethreescientists“havecreatedtherightconditionsforawirelessandfossilfuel-freesociety,andsobroughtthegreatestbenefittohumankind”.可知根据诺贝尔委员会的说法,这三位科学家“为无线和无化石燃料社会创造了合适的条件,从而为人类带来了最大的利益”。
结合文章主要介绍了这三位科学家中的JohnB.Goodenough,介绍了他发现并开发了为便携式电子设备供电的关键材料,从而引发了无线革命。
以及其职业生涯。
故C选项:
让世界“足够好”。
符合文章标题。
故选C。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一,可以大致分为
①定义猜词,可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。
如文中常用referto,becalled或that'stosay,suchas等。
②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义,例如,similarly,thesameas,but,however,while,ontheotherhand,since,because等,所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③语法猜词,可以根据构词法,再结合上下文进行猜词。
④语境猜词,猜测词义离不开上下文的语境,通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析,同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容,做题时要注意指代词的位置,以便于判断,然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词,核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致,最后比较所找部分与选项,确定意思最接近的选项。
如第一小题,根据后文firstovercomingdyslexiaasachild可知先是在孩童时期克服了诵读困难,由此可知,本句在说明他克服了重重困难。
故划线短语意思为“克服困难”。
故选D。
B
AIDSmaybeoneofthemostundesirablediseasesintheworld.Luckily,thereisnowhopeforAIDSpatients.AccordingtoarecentpaperpublishedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,ChinesescientistshavesuccessfullyusedCRISPRtechnology-amethodofgeneediting-totreatapatientwithHIV.Whileitmaynothavecuredthepatientfully,itstillrepresentsahugestepforwardinfightingthedisease.
Thepatientwasa27-year-oldChinesemanwhowasdiagnosedwithbothAIDSandacutelymphoblasticleukemia,atypeofbloodcancer.Despitehisbleaksituation,doctorsofferedhimaglimmerofhope:
abonemarrow(骨髓)transplanttotreathiscancerandanexperimentaltreatmentforhisHIV.
TheyeditedtheDNAinbonemarrowstemcellsfromadonorbeforetransplantingthecellsintothepatient.Specifically,thetreatmentinvolvedusingthegene-editingtoolCRISPR-Cas9todeleteageneknownasCCRS,whichencodesaproteinthatHIVusestogetinsidehumancells.Withoutthegene,HIVisunabletoentercells.Talkingaboutthegene,leadscientistDengHongkuitoldCNN,“Afterbeingedited,thecells-andthebloodcellstheyproduce-havetheabilitytoresistHIVinfection.”Nineteenmonthsafterthetreatment,thepatient’sleukemiawasincompletereliefanddonorcellswithoutCCR5remained,accordingtotheresearchpaper.
Thoughthetransplantdidnotcuretheman’sHIV,itstillshowedtheeffectivenessofgene-editingtechnology,astherewasnoindicationofanyunintendedgeneticalterations(改变)-amajorconcernwithpastgenetherapyexperiments.
AmeshAdalja,aseniorscholarattheJohnsHopkinsCenterforHealthSecurityintheUnitedStates,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praisedthetreatment.“Theydidaveryinnovativeexperiment,itwassafe,”hetoldLiveScience.“Itshouldbeviewedasasuccess.”
Dengbelievesgene-editingtechnologycould“bringanewdawn”toblood-relateddiseasessuchasAIDSandsicklecellanemia.Thankstothisnewtechnology,“thegoalofafunctionalcureforAIDSisgettingcloserandcloser,”hesaid.
4.HowdidthenewtreatmentfightagainstHIV?
A.BypreventingHIVfromenteringcells.B.BychangingthestructureofHIV.
C.ByremovingaproteinthatHIVfeedson.D.ByidentifyingandkillingHIV.
5.Whatwastheresultofthetreatment?
A.CCR5andothergenesinthepatient’scellswerechanged.
B.Someofthepatient’sbloodcellscouldresistHIVinfection.
C.HIVcouldnolongergetintothepatient’scells.
D.ThedonorcellswithoutCCR5disappearedfinally.
6.Whatdoweknowaboutt