电大英美文学导论期末试题.docx

电大英美文学导论期末试题.docx

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电大英美文学导论期末试题

电大英美文学导论期末试题

【篇一：

电大英美文学导论期末试题】

英美文学导论

introductiontoenglishliteratureandamericanliterature

englishliterature

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thebodyofwrittenworksproducedintheenglishlanguagebyinhabitantsofthebritishisles（includingireland）fromthe7thcenturytothepresentday.themajorliteratureswritteninenglishoutsidethebritishislesaretreatedseparatelyunderamericanliterature,australianliterature,canadianliterature,andnewzealandliterature.

americanliterature

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thebodyofwrittenworksproducedintheenglishlanguageintheunitedstates.

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likeothernationalliteratures,americanliteraturewasshapedbythehistoryofthecountrythatproducedit.foralmostacenturyandahalf,americawasmerelyagroupofcoloniesscatteredalongtheeasternseaboardofthenorthamericancontinent—coloniesfromwhichafewhardysoulstentativelyventuredwestward.afterasuccessfulrebellionagainstthemotherland,americabecametheunitedstates,anation.

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bytheendofthe19thcenturythisnationextendedsouthwardtothegulfofmexico,northwardtothe49thparallel,andwestwardtothepacific.bytheendofthe19thcentury,too,ithadtakenitsplaceamongthepowersoftheworld—itsfortunessointerrelatedwiththoseofothernationsthatinevitablyitbecameinvolvedintwoworldwarsand,followingtheseconflicts,withtheproblemsofeuropeandeastasia.meanwhile,theriseofscienceandindustry,aswellaschangesinwaysofthinkingandfeeling,wroughtmanymodificationsinpeopleslives.allthesefactorsinthedevelopmentoftheunitedstatesmoldedtheliteratureofthecountry.

关键词

1.2.

3.

4.5.

frombeowulftovirginiawoolfgeoffreychaucer（1343-1400）andthecanterburytales（1387–1400）williamshakespeare（1564-1616）,playsandsonnetsjohnmilton（1608-1674）andparadiselost（1667）johndonne（1572-1631）andmetaphysicalpoems

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6.the18thcenturysamueljohnson（1709-1784）danieldefoe（1660-1731）androbinsoncrusoe（1719–22）henryfielding（1707-1754）andtomjones（（1749）

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7.romanticism（the19thcentury）robertburns（1759-1796）williamwordsworth（1770-1850）georgegordonbyron（1788-1824）percybyssheshelley（1792-1822）johnkeats（1795-1821）

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8.earlyvictorianversealfredtennyson（1809-1892）robertbrowning（1812-1889）elizabethbarrettbrowning（1806-1861）matthewarnold（1822-1888）

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9.realism（the19thcentury）janeausten（1775-1817）andprideandprejudice（1813）thebrontescharlottebronte（1816-1855）andjaneeyre（1847）emilybronte（1818-1848）andwutheringheights（1847）annebronte（1820-1849）andthetenantofwildfellhall（1848）georgeeliot（1819-1880）

realism（the19thcentury）

charlesdickens（1812-1870）davidcopperfield（1850）ataleoftwocities（1859）greatexpectations（1861）williammakepeacethackeray（1811-1863）andvanityfair（1847–48）

realism（the20thcentury）

thomashardy（1840-1928）andtessofthedurbervilles（1891）josephconrad（1857-1924）and―heartofdarkness‖（1902）johngalsworthy（1867-1933）andtheforsytesaga（themanofproperty（1906）beganthenovelsequenceknownastheforsytesaga,bywhichgalsworthyischieflyremembered;othersinthesameseriesare―indiansummerofaforsyte‖（1918,infivetales）,inchancery（1920）,awakening（1920）,andtolet（1921）.）

realism

williamsomersetmaugham（1874-1965）andtherazorsedge（1944）edwardmorganforster（1879-1970）andapassagetoindia（1924）arthurconandoyle（1859-1930）andsherlockholmesgeorgebernardshaw（1856-1950）

modernism

virginiawoolf（1882-1941）mrs.dalloway（1925）aroomofonesown（1929）davidherbertlawrence（1885-1930）sonsandlovers（1913）therainbow（1915）womeninlove（1920）jamesjoyce（1882-1941）andulysses（1922）

modernism

thomasstearnseliot（1888-1965）andthewasteland（1922）williambutleryeats（1865-1939）agathachristie（1891-1976）herculepoirotmurderontheorientexpress（1933;film,1974）anddeathonthenile（1937;film,1978）

contemporary（1945--）

williamgolding（1911-1993）andlordoftheflies（1954;film1963and1990）johnfowles（1926-）andthefrenchlieutenant’swoman（1969）dorislessing（1919--）thegoldennotebook（1962）

contemporary

tedhughes（1930-1998）sylviaplath（1932-1963）seamusheaney（1939-）antoniasusanbyatt（1936--）

第一课早期英国文学earlyenglishliterature

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initsliterature,englandarguablyhasattaineditsmostinfluentialculturalexpression.formorethanamillennium,eachstageinthedevelopmentoftheenglishlanguagehasproduceditsmasterworks.

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littleisknownofenglishliteraturebeforethearrivaloftheanglo-saxons,thoughechoesofenglandscelticpastresoundinarthurianlegend.anglo-saxonliterature,writtenintheoldenglishlanguage,isremarkablyp>?

geoffreychaucerepitomizedboththecourtlyphilosophicalconcernsandtheearthyvernacularofthisperiodinhistroilusandcriseydeandthecanterburytales,respectively,whilewilliamlanglandspiersplowmanwasanearlyexpressionofthereligiousandpoliticaldissentthatwouldlatercharacterizeenglishliterature.

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theelizabethaneraofthelate16thcenturyfosteredthefloweringoftheeuropeanrenaissanceinenglandandthegoldenageofenglishliterature.theplaysofwilliamshakespeare,whileontheirsurfacerepresentingtheculminationofelizabethanenglish,achieveadepthofcharacterizationandrichnessofinventionthathavefixedtheminthedramaticrepertoireofvirtuallyeverylanguage.thepublicationofthekingjamesversionofthebiblein1611infusedtheliteratureoftheperiodwithbothreligiousimageryandaremarkablyvigorouslanguage,anditservedasanimportantinstrumentforthespreadofliteracythroughoutengland.

anglo-saxonconquest

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intheancienttimes,therewerethreetribescalledangles,saxonsandjutesinthenortherneurope.inthe5thcentury,theyconqueredbritainandsettleddownthere.afterdrivingthenativepeopleintothedeepmountainsofwalesandscotland,theyp>?

angles,saxonsandjutesusuallyknownasanglo-saxonsarethefirstenglishmen.languagespokenbythemiscalledoldenglish,whichisthefoundationofenglishlanguageandliterature.withtheanglo-saxonsettlementinbritain,thehistoryofenglishliteraturebegan.

anglo-saxonliterature

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theoldenglishliterature,exclusivelyaverseliteratureinoralform?

thepaganpoetryrepresentedbybeowulf,andreligiouspoetry?

anglo-saxonproseappearedinthe8thcentury

beowulf贝奥武甫

heroicpoem,thehighestachievementofoldenglishinasinglemanuscriptfromc.1000,itdealswitheventsoftheearly6thcenturyandisbelievedtohavebeencomposedbetween700and750.itdidnotappearinprintuntil1815.althoughoriginallyuntitled,itwaslaternamedafterthescandinavianherobeowulf,whoseexploitsandcharacterprovideitsconnectingtheme.thereisnoevidenceofahistoricalbeowulf,butsomecharacters,sites,andeventsinthepoemcanbehistoricallyverified.

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beowulfistheoldestpoemintheenglishlanguage.itisthemostimportantspecimenofanglo-saxonliterature,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheenglishlanguage.itconsistsofmorethan3000lines.ithadbeenpassedfrommouthtomouthforhundredsofyearsbeforeitwaswrittendowninthetenthcenturyorattheendoftheninthcentury.themainstoriesarebasedonthefolklegendsoftheprimitivenortherntribes.

mainincidentsofthepoem

beowulf‘sfightwiththemonstergrendelinhrothgar‘shall?

beowulf‘sslayingofgrendel‘smotherinherlair?

beowulfsreturninglorytohisuncle,andhissuccessiontothethronebeowulfsvictory–indeath,fiftyyearslater,overthefiredragon

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writingfeaturesofthepoem

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apaganpoem,thechristianflavorgiventoittheuseofthestrongstressandthepredominanceofconsonantstheuseofthealliterationalotofmetaphorstheseeiscalledthewhaleroadortheswanroad;thesoldiersarecalledshield-men;monsterisreferredassoul-destroyer.

medievalenglishliterature

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anglo-normanliterature?

theromance?

ageofchaucer?

ballads?

thomasmalloryandmorted‘arthur

normanconquest

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thenormanwasoriginallyahardyraceofsearoverslivinginscandinavia.inthe10thcentury,theyconqueredapartofnorthernfrancewhichhadbeencallednormandy,andsettleddownthere.theyadoptedfrenchastheirlanguageandembracedchristianity.theybecamerenownedfortheirlearning,theirmilitaryprowessandtheirorganizingability.

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thedukeofnormandywilliamthegreatwasanablegeneralandstatesman.in1066,heledthenormanarmytoinvadeengland.thetwoarmiesmetathastings.finallytheenglisharmywasdefeated,andwilliambecamethekingofengland.aftertheconquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedintheenglishsociety.thenewkingruledenglandwithahighhand.williamsawhimselfastheownerofthecountry,andheownedthelandandeverythinginit.thefeudalsocialstructureinenglandwasjustlikethepyramidinegypt.atthetopofwasthekingwilliamandbelowhimwerehisnoblemensuchasbaronsandknights.

theinfluenceofthenormanconquestuponenglishlanguageandliterature

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aftertheconquest,thebodyofcustomsandidealsknownaschivalrywasintroducedbythenormansintoengland.theknightlycode,theromanticinterestinwomen,tendernessandreverencepaidtovirginmarywerereflectedintheliterature.withthecomingofthenormans,theanglo-saxonssanktoapositionofabjectness.theirlanguagewasmadeadespisedthing.frenchwordsofwarfareandchivalry,artandluxury,scienceandlaw,begantocomeintotheenglishlanguage.thusthreelanguagesexistedinenglandatthattime.thenormansspokefrench,thelowerclassspokeenglish,andthescholarsandclergymenusedlatin.

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