级真题六级真题试题和答案.docx

级真题六级真题试题和答案.docx

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级真题六级真题试题和答案

2012年6月英语六级真题及答案详解

　　PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

　　Directions：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

　　TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication

　　PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）、B）、C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　TheThree-YearSolution

　　HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:

earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.

　　TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld’sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.

　　Yet,therearesignsofperil（危险）withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively.

　　Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring“schoolyear”hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,”hehaswritten.

　　Withinacademicdepartments,tenure（终身职位），combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles（压制）them:

youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.

　　Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.

　　CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.ThestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.

　　Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?

Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.

　　Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay.

　　Thethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms”inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.

　　Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement（AP）creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.

　　Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency（住院医生）program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.”Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,”saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.

　　Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam（遨游）intellectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.

　　“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,”DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.”Anotherrisk:

thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.

　　Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:

opencampusesyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,”hesays.“That’swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”

　　Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.

　　Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.

　　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?

　　A）Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C）Toenrollmorestudents.

　　B）Tocutstudents’expenses.D）Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.

　　2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.

　　A）Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange

　　B）thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth

　　C）collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse

　　D）thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring

　　3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.

　　A）suppressescreativethinkingC）guaranteesacademicfreedom

　　B）createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD）isasignofagediscrimination

　　4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?

　　A）Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.

　　B）Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.

　　C）Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.

　　D）Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.

　　5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeprogram?

　　A）Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.

　　B）Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.

　　C）Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.

　　D）Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.

　　6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegrees