学年江苏省启东市高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题 解析版.docx

学年江苏省启东市高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题 解析版.docx

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学年江苏省启东市高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题解析版

江苏省启东市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题

一、阅读选择

MathHolidays

MoleDay

MoleDayiscelebratedannuallyonOct.23from6:

02amto6:

02pm.ItcelebratesAvogadro’sNumber（approximately6.02×1023）,whichisabasicmeasuringunitinchemistry.ThefirstMoleDaytookplacein1991andhasbeenhonoredeveryyearsince.TheconceptofacelebratorydaywascreatedbyMauriceOehler,aretiredhighschoolchemistryteacher.Itaimstodevelopinterestinchemistry,encouragingschoolsaroundtheglobetocelebrateMoleDaywithvariousactivitiesrelatedtochemistry.

FibonacciDay

Nov.23marksFibonacciDay,aspecialdaythatcelebratestilemanknownasLeonardoFibonacciwhodevelopedamathematicalconceptcalledtheFibonacciSequence（斐波那契数列）,inwhicheverynumberisthesumoftheprevioustwonumbers.So,forexample,11/23marksthedaybecause1+1equals2,andthen1+2equals3（thedatebeingthe23rd）.Itmaybesomewhatdifficulttograsp,buttheconceptisnotentirelytheoretical.

SquareRootDay

SquareRootDayisaholidaythatoccurswhenthemonthanddayaresquarerootsofthelasttwodigitsoftheyear:

e.g.2/2/2004and3/3/2009.ThelastSquareRootDaywas4/4/2016andthenextonewillbe5/5/2025.TheholidaywascreatedbyahighschoolteacherRonGordoninRedwoodCity,California,whonoticedthatanupcomingdate（9/9/1981）representedasquareroot.

PiDay

Thegranddaddyofmathematicalandscientificholidays,however,fallseveryyearonMar.14.Thedate,3/14,representsthefirstthreenumeralsinthecalculationofpi;sothedateisknownannuallyasPiDay.PiDaywasfoundedin1988byphysicistLarryShawworkingattheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco.Theeventfeaturedtheeatingofvariouspies,tossingpizzapiedoughandparadesandspeeches.

1．WhichholidayislinkedtoAvogadro’sNumber?

A．PiDay.B．MoleDay.

C．FibonacciDay.D．SquareRootDay.

2．WhichofthefollowingdatesisaSquareRootDay?

A．Oct.23,2020.B．Nov.23,2021.

C．Mar.14,2030.D．Jun6,2036.

3．WhowasthefirstmantocelebratePiDay?

A．LarryShaw.B．RonGordon.

C．MauriceOehler.D．LeonardoFibonacci.

【答案】

1．B

2．D

3．A

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了四个数学节日和假期。

【详解】

1.细节理解题。

根据MoleDay部分第二句“ItcelebratesAvogadro’sNumber”（它庆祝阿伏伽德罗的数字）可知，有关阿伏伽德罗的数字的假期是MoleDay。

故选B。

2.推理判断题。

根据SquareRootDay部分第一句“SquareRootDayisaholidaythatoccurswhenthemonthanddayaresquarerootsofthelasttwodigitsoftheyear:

e.g.2/2/2004and3/3/2009.”（平方根日是一个月和日都是一年最后两位数字的平方根的节日，例如2/2/2004和3/3/2009。

）可知，SquareRootDay的日期的特点是年份的最后两位的平方根是月和日，所以符合要求的选项是2036年6月6日。

故选D。

3.细节理解题。

根据PiDay部分倒第二句“PiDaywasfoundedin1988byphysicistLarryShawworkingattheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco.”（圆周率日是由物理学家LarryShaw于1988年在旧金山探索博物馆创立的。

）可知，第一个庆祝圆周率日的人是LarryShaw。

故选A。

WhenLeeAnnKrieghmovedtoBend,Oregon,in2012,shefellinlovewiththetrees,birdsandflowers.Thenshebegantoreadnatureguidebooksbutwasn’tsatisfiedwithwhatshefoundinlocalbookstores.

“Therewasn’tabookthatmetmyneeds,”Krieghsaid.“Ihadallthefieldguides.Andtheywerewonderful,buttheydidn’ttellmestoriesorteachmethebasicsandthat’swhatIneeded.”Kriegh’sbook,TheNatureofBend,whichwaspublishedin2016,makesheroneofabout40CentralOregonauthors.AndKrieghwantstoencourageotherstobecomepublishedauthors.Shespentabout2,000hoursworkingonherguidebook,inwhichshecovered350species（物种）.

“Youshouldbereadytospendtimeonthetopicyouwriteabout,”Krieghsaid,“It’salotofwork,andyouhavetohaveastronglikingforyoursubject,”shesaid.“Otherwise,it’sgoingtobeputaside.”

Atfirst,Krieghbeganbysendingaplantoabookpublisher.HalfayearpassedbeforethepublishersaidnotoKriegh.CentralOregonseemedtoosmallamarket,sherememberedwhattheysaid.Duringthattimeshemadeadecisionthatshewouldtakecareofallthebook’selements（元素）onherownratherthandependonanotherpublisher.

Beingaself-publisher,shenotonlypickedupthecheckforprinting,butshealsopaidfortheotherpartslikemarketingthatarepaidbyapublisher.Krieghworkedwithmorethan40photographersandlocalnaturalists,andreadthroughmanyscientificpapersforthebook.

She’sheardalotofpositiveremarks（评价）aboutthewayshe’sshownfactsandstoriesaboutthesespeciesthat“helppeoplefeelconnectedandputasmileontheirfaces.”

KrieghisnowworkingonTheNatureofPortland,asimilarbookshehopeswillattractpeopleincities.

“Thepurposeofthebookwastogetpeoplemoreinterestedinnature,”Krieghsaid.“Themoreyouknowaboutaspecies,themoreyoucareaboutthemandworktotakecareofthem.”

4．WhywasKrieghunsatisfiedwiththenatureguidebooksshefound?

A．Theyweretooexpensiveforher.

B．Theydidn’thavestoriesorbasics.

C．Theydidn’tcovermuchwildlifeinBend.

D．Theycouldn’tprovideanyusefulinformation.

5．WhatmightinspireKrieghtocontinuewritingbooks?

A．Herdreamofbecominganauthor.

B．Herhopeofbeingsuccessful

C．Herinterestinthesubject.

D．Herloveofhercity

6．WhydidKrieghpublishonherown?

A．Shehopedtotakefullcontrolofthebook.

B．Shedidn’thavemoneytopaythepublisher.

C．ShewantedtoenlargethemarketinOregon.

D．Shewishedtopublishthebookassoonpossible.

7．WhatdopeoplethinkofTheNatureofBend?

A．Itcallsonpeopletoprotectwildlife.

B．Itisespeciallyproperforpeopleincities.

C．Itmakespeoplefeelconnectedwhilereading.

D．Itencouragespeopletobecreativeinwriting.

【答案】

4．B

5．C

6．A

7．C

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了Kriegh刚搬到俄勒冈州的Bend时，在书店里找不到让她满意的自然指南的书籍，于是她亲自编写并且出版了一本名叫《TheNatureofBend》的书，现在她正在写一本类似的书《TheNatureofPortland》，她希望能吸引城市里的人，让人们更多了解当地物种，关心自然。

4．

细节理解题。

根据第二段“Therewasn’tabookthatmetmyneeds,…Andtheywerewonderful,buttheydidn’ttellmestoriesorteachmethebasicsandthat’swhatIneeded.”（没有一本书能满足我的需求，它们的确很棒，但它们没有给我讲故事，也没有教我基本的知识，而这些正是我所需要的。

）可知，Kriegh对她找到的自然指南并不满意，因为它们没有故事或基础知识，故选B。

5．

推理判断题。

根据第三段“Youshouldbereadytospendtimeonthetopicyouwriteabout,”Kneghsaid,“It’salotofwork,andyouhavetohaveastronglikingforyoursubject,”shesaid.“Otherwise,it’sgoingtobeputaside.（“你应该准备好花时间在你要写的主题上，”Kriegh说，“要做很多工作，而且你必须对你的主题有强烈的爱好。

否则，它就会被搁置一边。

”）”可知，是她对这个主题的兴趣激励了她继续写书，故选C。

6．

推理判断题。

根据第四段“Duringthattimeshemadeadecisionthatshewouldtakecareofallthebook’selements（元素）onherownratherthandependonanotherpublisher.（在那段时间里，她做出了一个决定，她将自己来处理所有的书的元素，而不是依赖另一个出版商。

）”可知，Kriegh决定自己出版，因为她不希望依赖别人，而是希望自己完全掌控这本书，故选A。

7．

细节理解题。

根据第六段“She’sheardalotofpositiveremarks（评价）aboutthewayshe’sshownfactsandstoriesaboutthesespeciesthat“helppeoplefeelconnectedandputasmileontheirfaces.”（关于她所展示的这些物种的事实和故事的方式，她听到了很多积极的评论，它帮助人们感到与外界有联系，并让他们的脸上露出微笑。

）”可知，它让人们在阅读时感觉彼此互通。

故选C。

Avaccine（疫苗）thatprotectsagainstoneofthemaincommoncoldviruseshasbeenshowntobesafeandeffectiveinaclinicaltrialandcouldbeavailableby2024.

Respiratorysyncytialvirus（RSV）spreadssoeasilythatmorethan90percentofpeoplehaveexperiencedtheirfirstinfection（感染）bytheageof2.Itusuallycausescold-likesymptomsbutcanleadtosevereillnessinyoungchildrenandolderpeople.Allaroundtheworld,about60,000childrenundertheageof5and14,000peopleovertheageof65dieeachyearafterdevelopingthevirus.

DevelopingvaccinesagainstRSVandotherrespiratoryviruseshasbeendifficultbecausetherespiratorytract（呼吸道）isasurfaceexposeddirectlytotheoutsideworld,saysKirstenSpannattheQueenslandUniversityofTechnologyinAustralia.

“It’sharderforantiviralantibodies（抗病毒抗体）inthebloodtoreachvirusesintherespiratorytract,orevenknowtheyarethere,becausethereissomephysicalseparation,”shesays.

Inrecentyears,however,therehasbeenrapidprogressinfindingnewwaystoimproveimmunityagainstrespiratoryviruses.

SeveralRSVvaccinesarebeingtestedinclinicaltrials,includingonemadebyGermancompanyBavarianNordic.ItsvaccineisdesignedtobuildimmunityagainstRSVbyexposingmebodytofivesmallfragmentsofthevirus.

Inaclinicaltrialinvolving420adultsaged55andolder,asingleinjection（注射）ofthevaccineintheupperarmincreasedthelevelsofRSV-fightingantibodiesinsidethenosebythreetimesandcausednoserioussideeffects.

Thisimmuneresponselastedforsixmonths----enoughtocoverawintercoldseason----andwasrestoredwithaboostershotat12months.

Theresultsarepromising,butmoreresearchisneededtoseeiftheimmuneresponseisstrongenoughtopreventRSVinfections,saysSpann.

BavarianNordicisnowplanningabiggerclinicaltrialofitsRSVvaccinethatisscheduledtobeginin2021andwillinvolvemorethan12,000adults.Iftheresultsarepositive,thecompanyhopestomakethevaccineavailableby2024.Thefirmplanstoofferthevaccinetochildrentoo,butnotuntilithaspassedclinicaltrialsinvolvingpeopleinthisagerange

8．WhatdoweknowaboutRSV?

A．Itisthedeadliestcoldvirus.

B．Itisanewlydiscoveredvirus.

C．Ittakesthousandsofliveseveryyear.

D．Itmainlyputsolderadults’livesatrisk-

9．WhichwordcanbestdescribethedevelopmentofRSVvaccines?

A．Creative.B．Dangerous.

C．Interesting.D．Challenging.

10．WhatwasonefeatureoftheRSVvaccinedevelopedbyBavarianNordic?

A．Ithadnohumansubjects.

B．Ithadnoserioussideeffects.

C．Theimmuneresponselastedfor12months.

D．TheimmuneresponsecouldpreventRSVinfections.

11．WhatdoesBavarianNordicplantodoin2021?

A．Continueitsclinicaltrial.

B．OfferitsRSVvaccinestochildren.

C．PutitsRSVvaccinesonthemarket.

D．Followthe420adultsinitsearlyclinicaltrial.

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