学年江苏省启东市高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题 解析版.docx
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学年江苏省启东市高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题解析版
江苏省启东市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题
一、阅读选择
MathHolidays
MoleDay
MoleDayiscelebratedannuallyonOct.23from6:
02amto6:
02pm.ItcelebratesAvogadro’sNumber(approximately6.02×1023),whichisabasicmeasuringunitinchemistry.ThefirstMoleDaytookplacein1991andhasbeenhonoredeveryyearsince.TheconceptofacelebratorydaywascreatedbyMauriceOehler,aretiredhighschoolchemistryteacher.Itaimstodevelopinterestinchemistry,encouragingschoolsaroundtheglobetocelebrateMoleDaywithvariousactivitiesrelatedtochemistry.
FibonacciDay
Nov.23marksFibonacciDay,aspecialdaythatcelebratestilemanknownasLeonardoFibonacciwhodevelopedamathematicalconceptcalledtheFibonacciSequence(斐波那契数列),inwhicheverynumberisthesumoftheprevioustwonumbers.So,forexample,11/23marksthedaybecause1+1equals2,andthen1+2equals3(thedatebeingthe23rd).Itmaybesomewhatdifficulttograsp,buttheconceptisnotentirelytheoretical.
SquareRootDay
SquareRootDayisaholidaythatoccurswhenthemonthanddayaresquarerootsofthelasttwodigitsoftheyear:
e.g.2/2/2004and3/3/2009.ThelastSquareRootDaywas4/4/2016andthenextonewillbe5/5/2025.TheholidaywascreatedbyahighschoolteacherRonGordoninRedwoodCity,California,whonoticedthatanupcomingdate(9/9/1981)representedasquareroot.
PiDay
Thegranddaddyofmathematicalandscientificholidays,however,fallseveryyearonMar.14.Thedate,3/14,representsthefirstthreenumeralsinthecalculationofpi;sothedateisknownannuallyasPiDay.PiDaywasfoundedin1988byphysicistLarryShawworkingattheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco.Theeventfeaturedtheeatingofvariouspies,tossingpizzapiedoughandparadesandspeeches.
1.WhichholidayislinkedtoAvogadro’sNumber?
A.PiDay.B.MoleDay.
C.FibonacciDay.D.SquareRootDay.
2.WhichofthefollowingdatesisaSquareRootDay?
A.Oct.23,2020.B.Nov.23,2021.
C.Mar.14,2030.D.Jun6,2036.
3.WhowasthefirstmantocelebratePiDay?
A.LarryShaw.B.RonGordon.
C.MauriceOehler.D.LeonardoFibonacci.
【答案】
1.B
2.D
3.A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了四个数学节日和假期。
【详解】
1.细节理解题。
根据MoleDay部分第二句“ItcelebratesAvogadro’sNumber”(它庆祝阿伏伽德罗的数字)可知,有关阿伏伽德罗的数字的假期是MoleDay。
故选B。
2.推理判断题。
根据SquareRootDay部分第一句“SquareRootDayisaholidaythatoccurswhenthemonthanddayaresquarerootsofthelasttwodigitsoftheyear:
e.g.2/2/2004and3/3/2009.”(平方根日是一个月和日都是一年最后两位数字的平方根的节日,例如2/2/2004和3/3/2009。
)可知,SquareRootDay的日期的特点是年份的最后两位的平方根是月和日,所以符合要求的选项是2036年6月6日。
故选D。
3.细节理解题。
根据PiDay部分倒第二句“PiDaywasfoundedin1988byphysicistLarryShawworkingattheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco.”(圆周率日是由物理学家LarryShaw于1988年在旧金山探索博物馆创立的。
)可知,第一个庆祝圆周率日的人是LarryShaw。
故选A。
WhenLeeAnnKrieghmovedtoBend,Oregon,in2012,shefellinlovewiththetrees,birdsandflowers.Thenshebegantoreadnatureguidebooksbutwasn’tsatisfiedwithwhatshefoundinlocalbookstores.
“Therewasn’tabookthatmetmyneeds,”Krieghsaid.“Ihadallthefieldguides.Andtheywerewonderful,buttheydidn’ttellmestoriesorteachmethebasicsandthat’swhatIneeded.”Kriegh’sbook,TheNatureofBend,whichwaspublishedin2016,makesheroneofabout40CentralOregonauthors.AndKrieghwantstoencourageotherstobecomepublishedauthors.Shespentabout2,000hoursworkingonherguidebook,inwhichshecovered350species(物种).
“Youshouldbereadytospendtimeonthetopicyouwriteabout,”Krieghsaid,“It’salotofwork,andyouhavetohaveastronglikingforyoursubject,”shesaid.“Otherwise,it’sgoingtobeputaside.”
Atfirst,Krieghbeganbysendingaplantoabookpublisher.HalfayearpassedbeforethepublishersaidnotoKriegh.CentralOregonseemedtoosmallamarket,sherememberedwhattheysaid.Duringthattimeshemadeadecisionthatshewouldtakecareofallthebook’selements(元素)onherownratherthandependonanotherpublisher.
Beingaself-publisher,shenotonlypickedupthecheckforprinting,butshealsopaidfortheotherpartslikemarketingthatarepaidbyapublisher.Krieghworkedwithmorethan40photographersandlocalnaturalists,andreadthroughmanyscientificpapersforthebook.
She’sheardalotofpositiveremarks(评价)aboutthewayshe’sshownfactsandstoriesaboutthesespeciesthat“helppeoplefeelconnectedandputasmileontheirfaces.”
KrieghisnowworkingonTheNatureofPortland,asimilarbookshehopeswillattractpeopleincities.
“Thepurposeofthebookwastogetpeoplemoreinterestedinnature,”Krieghsaid.“Themoreyouknowaboutaspecies,themoreyoucareaboutthemandworktotakecareofthem.”
4.WhywasKrieghunsatisfiedwiththenatureguidebooksshefound?
A.Theyweretooexpensiveforher.
B.Theydidn’thavestoriesorbasics.
C.Theydidn’tcovermuchwildlifeinBend.
D.Theycouldn’tprovideanyusefulinformation.
5.WhatmightinspireKrieghtocontinuewritingbooks?
A.Herdreamofbecominganauthor.
B.Herhopeofbeingsuccessful
C.Herinterestinthesubject.
D.Herloveofhercity
6.WhydidKrieghpublishonherown?
A.Shehopedtotakefullcontrolofthebook.
B.Shedidn’thavemoneytopaythepublisher.
C.ShewantedtoenlargethemarketinOregon.
D.Shewishedtopublishthebookassoonpossible.
7.WhatdopeoplethinkofTheNatureofBend?
A.Itcallsonpeopletoprotectwildlife.
B.Itisespeciallyproperforpeopleincities.
C.Itmakespeoplefeelconnectedwhilereading.
D.Itencouragespeopletobecreativeinwriting.
【答案】
4.B
5.C
6.A
7.C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。
文章讲述了Kriegh刚搬到俄勒冈州的Bend时,在书店里找不到让她满意的自然指南的书籍,于是她亲自编写并且出版了一本名叫《TheNatureofBend》的书,现在她正在写一本类似的书《TheNatureofPortland》,她希望能吸引城市里的人,让人们更多了解当地物种,关心自然。
4.
细节理解题。
根据第二段“Therewasn’tabookthatmetmyneeds,…Andtheywerewonderful,buttheydidn’ttellmestoriesorteachmethebasicsandthat’swhatIneeded.”(没有一本书能满足我的需求,它们的确很棒,但它们没有给我讲故事,也没有教我基本的知识,而这些正是我所需要的。
)可知,Kriegh对她找到的自然指南并不满意,因为它们没有故事或基础知识,故选B。
5.
推理判断题。
根据第三段“Youshouldbereadytospendtimeonthetopicyouwriteabout,”Kneghsaid,“It’salotofwork,andyouhavetohaveastronglikingforyoursubject,”shesaid.“Otherwise,it’sgoingtobeputaside.(“你应该准备好花时间在你要写的主题上,”Kriegh说,“要做很多工作,而且你必须对你的主题有强烈的爱好。
否则,它就会被搁置一边。
”)”可知,是她对这个主题的兴趣激励了她继续写书,故选C。
6.
推理判断题。
根据第四段“Duringthattimeshemadeadecisionthatshewouldtakecareofallthebook’selements(元素)onherownratherthandependonanotherpublisher.(在那段时间里,她做出了一个决定,她将自己来处理所有的书的元素,而不是依赖另一个出版商。
)”可知,Kriegh决定自己出版,因为她不希望依赖别人,而是希望自己完全掌控这本书,故选A。
7.
细节理解题。
根据第六段“She’sheardalotofpositiveremarks(评价)aboutthewayshe’sshownfactsandstoriesaboutthesespeciesthat“helppeoplefeelconnectedandputasmileontheirfaces.”(关于她所展示的这些物种的事实和故事的方式,她听到了很多积极的评论,它帮助人们感到与外界有联系,并让他们的脸上露出微笑。
)”可知,它让人们在阅读时感觉彼此互通。
故选C。
Avaccine(疫苗)thatprotectsagainstoneofthemaincommoncoldviruseshasbeenshowntobesafeandeffectiveinaclinicaltrialandcouldbeavailableby2024.
Respiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV)spreadssoeasilythatmorethan90percentofpeoplehaveexperiencedtheirfirstinfection(感染)bytheageof2.Itusuallycausescold-likesymptomsbutcanleadtosevereillnessinyoungchildrenandolderpeople.Allaroundtheworld,about60,000childrenundertheageof5and14,000peopleovertheageof65dieeachyearafterdevelopingthevirus.
DevelopingvaccinesagainstRSVandotherrespiratoryviruseshasbeendifficultbecausetherespiratorytract(呼吸道)isasurfaceexposeddirectlytotheoutsideworld,saysKirstenSpannattheQueenslandUniversityofTechnologyinAustralia.
“It’sharderforantiviralantibodies(抗病毒抗体)inthebloodtoreachvirusesintherespiratorytract,orevenknowtheyarethere,becausethereissomephysicalseparation,”shesays.
Inrecentyears,however,therehasbeenrapidprogressinfindingnewwaystoimproveimmunityagainstrespiratoryviruses.
SeveralRSVvaccinesarebeingtestedinclinicaltrials,includingonemadebyGermancompanyBavarianNordic.ItsvaccineisdesignedtobuildimmunityagainstRSVbyexposingmebodytofivesmallfragmentsofthevirus.
Inaclinicaltrialinvolving420adultsaged55andolder,asingleinjection(注射)ofthevaccineintheupperarmincreasedthelevelsofRSV-fightingantibodiesinsidethenosebythreetimesandcausednoserioussideeffects.
Thisimmuneresponselastedforsixmonths----enoughtocoverawintercoldseason----andwasrestoredwithaboostershotat12months.
Theresultsarepromising,butmoreresearchisneededtoseeiftheimmuneresponseisstrongenoughtopreventRSVinfections,saysSpann.
BavarianNordicisnowplanningabiggerclinicaltrialofitsRSVvaccinethatisscheduledtobeginin2021andwillinvolvemorethan12,000adults.Iftheresultsarepositive,thecompanyhopestomakethevaccineavailableby2024.Thefirmplanstoofferthevaccinetochildrentoo,butnotuntilithaspassedclinicaltrialsinvolvingpeopleinthisagerange
8.WhatdoweknowaboutRSV?
A.Itisthedeadliestcoldvirus.
B.Itisanewlydiscoveredvirus.
C.Ittakesthousandsofliveseveryyear.
D.Itmainlyputsolderadults’livesatrisk-
9.WhichwordcanbestdescribethedevelopmentofRSVvaccines?
A.Creative.B.Dangerous.
C.Interesting.D.Challenging.
10.WhatwasonefeatureoftheRSVvaccinedevelopedbyBavarianNordic?
A.Ithadnohumansubjects.
B.Ithadnoserioussideeffects.
C.Theimmuneresponselastedfor12months.
D.TheimmuneresponsecouldpreventRSVinfections.
11.WhatdoesBavarianNordicplantodoin2021?
A.Continueitsclinicaltrial.
B.OfferitsRSVvaccinestochildren.
C.PutitsRSVvaccinesonthemarket.
D.Followthe420adultsinitsearlyclinicaltrial.
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