英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保提高训练及解析.docx

英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保提高训练及解析.docx

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英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保提高训练及解析

（英语）高一英语阅读理解（科普环保）提高训练及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.

   Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar（花蜜）ofitsflowersincreased.Thefluid,producedtoattractpollinating（授粉）insects,wasonaverage20percenthigherinflowersexposedtothebuzzcomparedtothoseleftinsilenceorexposedtohigherpitchedsounds.ProfessorLilachHadany,wholedthestudy,said:

"Ourresultsdocumentforthefirsttimethatplantscanrapidlyrespondtopollinatorsoundsinanecologicallyrelevantway."

   However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.Whileplantsrequirewater,sunlightandtherighttemperaturetogrow,itiswidelybelievedtheydonothavesensesinthewayanimalsdo.

   Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain."Plants'abilitytohearhasimplicationswellbeyondpollination—plantscouldpotentiallyhearandrespondtoherbivores,otheranimals,theelements,andpossiblyotherplants,"ProfHadanyadded.

   Amonth-longexperimentconductedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSocietyin2009foundfemalevoicesappeartospeedupthegrowthoftomatoes.Theresearchoffersapossibleexplanation—women'svoiceswereattherightfrequencyfortheplantstohear.

（1）What'seveningprimroseflowers'responsetobees'buzz?

A. Longerbloom.                

B. Sweeternectar.                

C. Brightercolor.                

D. Lessfluid.

（2）WherecanplantsgrowbetteraccordingtoHadany?

A. Onasquare.            

B. Besideahighway.            

C. Inthewoods.            

D. Alongthestreet.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?

A. PrinceCharlesproveskindofstupid.

B. Plantscanonlypotentiallyhearanimals.

C. Plantsrespondtosoundsslowlyandecologically.

D. Plantsgardenerstalktofrequentlydevelopwell.

（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A. Flowerscanhear.                                              

B. Beesarebestpollinators.

C. Plantscan'tgrowwithoutsound.                   

D. Women'svoicesimproveplants'growth.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与植物的交流可以促其生长。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar（花蜜）ofitsflowersincreased.”可知，蜜蜂飞到夜来香花，在三分钟内其花朵花蜜的糖的浓度会增加，所以花蜜会更甜。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.”哈达尼教授认为，植物对传粉者做出反应的能力可能会在城市环境或繁忙道路旁减弱。

从而推断可知，在丛林里的植物生长得更好。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain.”研究表明，园丁们和他们的植物交谈的努力可能不会白费。

从而推断可知，园丁经常与植物交谈，生长得更好。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段“GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述人与植物的交流可以促其生长。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Youknowthosenutritionguidelinesthegovernmentissueseveryfewyears?

Itturnsoutthatfollowingthemisn'tjustgoodforyourhealth.It'sgoodfortheplanet,too.

   "Whatwefoundisthatimpactsvaryacrossnations,butinthehighimpactnations,ingeneral,youcanseethat,ifyoufollowanationallyrecommendeddiet,despitethefactthatthesedietsdon'tmentionexplicitly—ormostofthemdon'texplicitlymention—environmentalimpacts,thatyouaregoingtohavelowerenvironmentalimpactsduetothat.Sothat'ssortoffairlyclearacrossallthehighincomenations."saidPaulBehrens,anenvironmentalscientistatLeidenUniversityintheNetherlands.

   Thefoodweeattakesabigtollontheenvironment.AthirdoftheicefreelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhumancausedgreenhousegasemissions.Fertilizerrunoffalsoleadstootherproblems,likethealgaebloomsinLakeEerieandtheDeadZoneintheGulfofMexico.

   However,followingdietaryguidelineswouldreducethoseimpacts,especiallyinwealthycountriesliketheUS."Mostofthereductionscomefrommeatanddairy,"whichhaveanoutsizedimpactonlanduseandpollution,andareamajorsourceofgreenhousegases.（That'spartlyduetocowfarts.Seriously.）Followingthesuggestionswouldalsomeaneatingfewercalories,sincemanypeoplehereeatmorethantheyneed.

   Overall,inhighincomecountries,Behren'steamestimatesthatfollowingtherulescouldresultinasmuchasa17percentreductioninlanduse,a21percentreductioninnutrientpollution,anda25percentdropinagriculturalgreenhousegasemissions.Cuttingdownonhowmuchfoodwewaste—whichisroughlyathirdintheUS—couldhelpevenmore.TheresultsareintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

   Ofcourse,peoplearenotoriouslybadatfollowingdiets.But:

"Thesenationallyrecommendedguidelinesdoactuallyhaveaknockoneffectonotherareasofpolicymaking.SoifI'mdevelopinganewhealthyeatingforschoolsprogramthenthat'sgoingtobebasedoffalotofdetailthatIgetfromthenationallyrecommendedguidelines.Sowhileitmightnotnecessarilybethecasethatpeoplefollowdirectly…theyactuallyarequiteinfluentialonthepreparationofotheradvice."

   Itseemsthatasmallerenvironmentalfootprintandahealthierlifestylecouldgohandinhand.

（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementwillPaulBehrensapproveof?

A. Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcanhavesimilarimpactsindifferentcountries.

B. Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcandogoodtoourhealth.

C. Notallthecountrieshaverecommendeddietsinanexplicitmanner.

D. Somehighincomenationsdon'tmentionthedietexplicitlyforitsimpactscanbeignored.

（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takesabigtollon" inparagraph3probablymean?

A. showssignsof       

B. hasabadeffecton       

C. takesfulladvantageof       

D. makesupfor

（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A. Foodproductioncanleadtoabout20percentofhumancausedgreenhousegaswithonlyathirdoftheicefreelandused.

B. Itisestimatedthatfollowingdietaryguidelinescanleadtodecreaseinmorelandusethaninnutrientpollution.

C. PaulBehrens'newprogramconcerninghealthyeatingforschoolsislikelytobebasedonnationalnutritionguidelines.

D. Somewealthycountriestendtoreducemeatanddairythoughtheotherareasofpolicymakingisn'teffectedmuch.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了营养指南对地球也有利。

通过膳食指南，似乎可以减轻对环境的伤害，人类自己也可以过上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"Whatwefoundisthatimpactsvaryacrossnations,butinthehighimpactnations,ingeneral,youcanseethat,ifyoufollowanationallyrecommendeddiet,despitethefactthatthesedietsdon'tmentionexplicitly—ormostofthemdon'texplicitlymention—environmentalimpacts,thatyouaregoingtohavelowerenvironmentalimpactsduetothat.”我们发现（营养膳食指南的）影响因国家而异，但总的来说，在影响力较大的国家，如果你遵循国家推荐的膳食指南，即使这些膳食并未明晰对环境的影响，或者大多数膳食没有明确说明这一点，但是你对环境的影响会因为遵循指南而减轻。

由此推断出"并非所有国家都以明确的方式推荐饮食"，这个观点PaulBehrens会赞成，故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“AthirdoftheicefreelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhumancausedgreenhousegasemissions.Fertilizerrunoffalsoleadstootherproblems,likethealgaebloomsinLakeEerieandtheDeadZoneintheGulfofMexico.”地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。

肥料径流也导致了其他问题，例如伊利湖的藻类爆发以及墨西哥湾的死亡区域。

由此推断出划线词所在的句子意思是我们所吃的食物给环境带来了巨大代价。

takesabigtollon固定短语，“付出了巨大的代价”，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“AthirdoftheicefreelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhumancausedgreenhousegasemissions.”地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。

由此可知。

A选项的描述"粮食生产可导致约20%的人为造成的温室气体，而只使用了三分之一的无冰土地"正确，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

   KaitlinWoolleyandAyeletFishbachreportinPsychologicalSciencethatamealtaken"family-style"fromacentralplatecangreatlyimprovetheoutcomeoflaternegotiations.

   Havingconductedpreviousresearchin2017revealingthateatingsimilarfoodsledtopeoplefeelingemotionallyclosertooneanother,DrWoolleyandDrFishbachwonderedwhetherthewayinwhichfoodwasservedalsohadapsychologicaleffect.Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidas