人教版高中英语选修8全国Period One Warming UpPrereading and Reading 1.docx
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人教版高中英语选修8全国PeriodOneWarmingUpPrereadingandReading1
Afteracouplehashadtheirfirstchild,totheirdisappointmenttheybecomeinfertileandcannothavemorechildren.Manycoupleshavedifficultyinhavingchildren,andsometimesitisimpossibleforcouplestohavechildrenbecausetheyareinfertile.Fortunately,cloningwouldallowthesecouplestohavechildren.Thisisonereasonwhyitisdifficulttodecideifcloningisethicalornot.Thefollowingaresomeofthereasonswhycloningshouldbeallowed.
Asjustdiscussed,cloningcanbeusedtohelpbenefitthosethatcannothavechildrenthroughthenormal,naturalway.Itisthedesireofmostcouplestohavechildrenandwhenitisimpossibletobearchildrenoftheirown,somearewillingtodoanythingtohaveachild.Cloningwillallowthemtohaveachildormanychildrenthathavethegeneticpatternofoneoftheparents.
Throughcloning,researchcanprogress.Wecanlearnenoughtoproducehumanorganswithouthavingtoproducehumanbeings.Wemaydeveloptechnologytoalloweasiergenetictestingandfixingproblemssuchasspinalcordinjuries,cancer,andmanymore.
Cloningorgansfororgantransplantsisoneofthemajorpracticalreasonsthatcloningshouldbeallowed.Thereisalwaysahighdemandfororgans.Someargueforthecloningofhumanstocreatesparebodyparts.Otherstalkofjustwantingtocloneanorgantoreplaceanimperfectorgan.
Rejuvenationisalsoakeyargumentforadvocatesofcloning.Humancloningmayonedaycureheartattacks.Somescientistsbelievethatbyinjectingclonedhealthyheartcellsintodamagedhearttissuewillleadtohealingoftheheart.
Notes
1.infertileadj.未生育的
2.ethicaladj.伦理的
3.geneticadj.基因的
4.transplantn.移植
5.rejuvenationn.返老还童
PeriodOne WarmingUp,Pre-reading&Reading
Ⅰ.单词检测
1.differvi.不同;相异
differentlyadv.不同地;相异地
2.exactadj.精确的;准确的
exactlyadv.精确地;准确地
3.commercialadj.商业的;贸易的
4.undertakevt.着手;从事;承担
undertook过去式
undertaken过去分词
5.proceduren.程序;步骤;手续
6.castvt.扔;投;掷
cast过去式
cast过去分词
7.altogetheradv.总共;完全地
8.correctionn.改正;纠正;修正
correctadj.正确的
9.objectvi.反对;不赞成
objectionn.不赞成;反对;异议
10.mediumn.(plmedia)媒介;手段;工具
11.obtainvt.获得;赢得
12.attainvt.获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)
13.moraladj.道德(上)的;伦理的
morallyadv.道德上地;伦理地
14.forbidvt.禁止;不准
forbade/forbad过去式
forbidden过去分词
15.accumulatevt.&vi.积累;聚积
Ⅱ.短语检测
1.allthetime一直,始终
2.payoff得到好结果;取得成功;偿清
3.castdown使失望;使沮丧
4.haveagreatimpacton对……有很大影响
5.infavourof赞成;支持
Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1.Cloningmeansmakingacopyofananimaloraplant.( F )
2.Gardenerscanmakealotofmoneybycloningplants.( T )
3.Cloninganimalsisascomplicatedascloningplants.( F )
4.Dollythesheepwasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal.( T )
5.Naturalcloneshappeninanimalsaswellasinplants.( T )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1.Dollythesheep________.
A.lookedexactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheegg
B.wastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleus
C.lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoit
D.hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep
答案 B
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal________.
A.usuallylivesaslongastheoriginalone
B.usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginalone
C.usuallylivesshorterthantheoriginalone
D.isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone
答案 C
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofcloning?
A.Cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes.
B.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning.
C.Cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct.
D.Famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned.
答案 D
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaproblemordangerofcloningaccordingtothepassage?
A.ClonedBinLadenwoulddoharmtotheworld.
B.Animalclonesmaydeveloptheillnessofolderanimalsandmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals.
C.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.
D.Toomuchcloningmayleadtothedestructionofthebalanceofnature.
答案 D
Ⅲ.课文阅读填空
Division
Mainidea
Detailedfacts
Para.1
Thedefinitionofcloning
★Cloningisawayofmakingan1.exactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.
Para.2
TwomajorusesofcloningandtheprocedureofcloningDollythesheep
★Firstly,gardenersuseittoproducemercialquantitiesofplants.Secondly,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.
★Cloningplantsis3.straightforwardwhilecloninganimalsiscomplicated.Cloninganimalsisadifficulttaskto4.undertake.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientists5.paidoffin1996witha6.breakthrough.
Para.3
ThebirthanddeathofDolly
★Cloningscientistswere7.castdowntofindthatDolly'sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears.
Para.4
TheimpactofDolly
★Dolly'sappearanceraisedastorm8.objectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.Itbecamecontroversial.
Para.5
ControversybroughtbyDolly
★Somegovernmentsbegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsand9.forbaderesearchintohumancloning,butothercountriescontinuedto10.accumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.
Ⅳ.难句分析
1.Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning,butothercountrieslikeChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.
句式分析:
此句为but连接的并列句,而且but后又含有一个复合句thatcloningcouldprovide,其中that引导定语从句。
自主翻译:
有些政府开始改革司法制度,明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究,但是其他国家,如中国和英国,则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。
2.However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.
句式分析:
此句为复合句,whether和where引导并列的宾语从句。
自主翻译:
然而,科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类,以及克隆技术将把我们引向何方感到困惑。
1.differ
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P10)Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.
思考他们如何不同。
(2)Leavesofdifferenttreesdiffergreatlyinsizeandshape.
不同树木的树叶在大小和形状上有很大不同。
(3)ThefactthatIcannoworganizemyowntimemakesadifference.
我现在可以安排自己的时间,这样情况就大不相同了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)differvi.不同;相异;意见不一致
differfrom...=bedifferentfrom与……不同/有区别
differin...在……方面不同
(2)differentadj.不同的
(3)differentlyadv.不同地
(4)differencen.不同;区别
tellthedifferencebetweenAandB 指出A与B的不同
makeadifference有影响
makenodifferencetosb/sth对某事没影响;对某人不重要
【即时跟踪】
(1)单句语法填空
①I'msorryIdidn'trecognizeyoujustnow.Youlookdifferent(differ)somehow.
②TheAmericansspellsomewordsdifferently(differ)fromtheBritish.
③Ignoringthedifference(differ)betweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.
④People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.
(2)完成句子
①你去还是留对我没有什么影响。
Itdoesn'tmakeanydifference/Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoorstay.
②这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。
Thetwinsdifferfrom/aredifferentfromeachotherincharacter.
2.undertake
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P11)Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.
这是一项很难完成的任务。
(2)TheUnitedNationsissupposedtoundertaketheresponsibilityforglobalpeace.
联合国理应承担全球和平的责任。
【归纳拓展】
undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手;从事;承担;保证
undertakesth承担;从事
undertaketodosth答应做某事;同意做某事
undertakethat...保证……,答应……
【即时跟踪】
(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空
Sheundertooktofinish(finish)thejobbyFriday.
(2)完成句子
①我不能保证一周内完成这项工作。
Ican'tundertakethatweshallfinishtheworkinaweek.
②公司目前正在进行的这些改革对于公司未来的发展非常重要。
Thesereforms(whichare)beingundertakenatpresentisofgreatimportancetothefuturedevelopmentofthecompany.
3.altogether
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P12)AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.
多莉总共只存活了六年半,这是它的原型羊寿命的一半。
(2)Howmuchdothegoodscostaltogether?
这些货物一共花费多少钱?
(3)Therearealtogether/alltogether40studentsintheclass.班上总共有40个学生。
【归纳拓展】
altogetheradv.全部;总共;总而言之;完全地
【易混辨析】 altogether/alltogether
作“总共”讲时,它们可以互换使用,这时常同数词连用。
(1)alltogether作“一道,一起”讲时,不能用altogether替换。
(2)altogether意为“完全地,总而言之”时,不可与alltogether互换。
【即时跟踪】
(1)完成句子
①谢蕾学习用功,总是帮助别人。
总之,她是个好女孩。
XieLeiworkshard,andalwayshelpsothers.Altogether,sheisagoodgirl.
②你能把这些书一起放进这个箱子里吗?
Canyouputthesebooksalltogetherinthisbox?
(2)英汉互译
①我们总共邀请了50人。
Wehaveinvitedfiftypeoplealtogether/alltogether.
②Idon'taltogetheragreewithyou.
我不完全同意你的意见。
4.objection
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P12)Ontheotherhand,Dolly'sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.
另一方面,多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。
(2)Nobodyraisedanyobjectiontomydoingitrightnow.
没人反对我现在就做这件事。
(3)ThestudentsobjectedtostudyingonSundaysbuttheirparentsdidnot.
学生们反对星期天上课,但是父母不反对。
(4)MotherobjectedthatJimmywastooweaktotakeupthejob.
母亲反对说,吉米身体虚弱,不能从事那份工作。
【归纳拓展】
(1)objectionn.不赞成;反对;异议
haveanobjectionto...反对……
raiseanobjectionto(doing)sth对(做)……提出异议
(2)objectv.反对
objectto(doing)sth反对(做)某事
objecttosb/sth不赞成/反对某人/某事
objectthat...反对……
(3)objectiveadj.如实的,客观的,无偏见的
【温馨提示】
objectto中,to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,而不能跟不定式。
【即时跟踪】
(1)单句语法填空
①Themainobjectiontotheplanwasthatitwouldcosttoomuch.
②Hehasastrongobjectiontosmoking(smoke)inthepublic,especiallywithfemalespresent.
③Ajudgemustgiveanobjective(object)opinion.
(2)句型转换
Hestronglyobjectedtogettingupearly.
→Hehadastrongobjectiontogettingupearly.
5.obtain
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P12)Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain,newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.
尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得,但是报纸报道说,有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。
(2)YoucanobtainthisinformationontheInternet.
你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
(3)Thebookscanbeobtainedfromthelibrary.
这些书可以在图书馆里借到。
【归纳拓展】
obtainvt.获得;赢得;买到;借到
obtainknowledge/one'sdegree获得知识/学位
【即时跟踪】
(1)用obtain的正确形式填空
①Alltheparentswishtheirchildrentoobtainhighdegree.
②Furtherinformationcanbeobtai