人教版高中英语选修8全国Period One Warming UpPrereading and Reading 1.docx

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人教版高中英语选修8全国Period One Warming UpPrereading and Reading 1.docx

人教版高中英语选修8全国PeriodOneWarmingUpPrereadingandReading1

Afteracouplehashadtheirfirstchild,totheirdisappointmenttheybecomeinfertileandcannothavemorechildren.Manycoupleshavedifficultyinhavingchildren,andsometimesitisimpossibleforcouplestohavechildrenbecausetheyareinfertile.Fortunately,cloningwouldallowthesecouplestohavechildren.Thisisonereasonwhyitisdifficulttodecideifcloningisethicalornot.Thefollowingaresomeofthereasonswhycloningshouldbeallowed.

Asjustdiscussed,cloningcanbeusedtohelpbenefitthosethatcannothavechildrenthroughthenormal,naturalway.Itisthedesireofmostcouplestohavechildrenandwhenitisimpossibletobearchildrenoftheirown,somearewillingtodoanythingtohaveachild.Cloningwillallowthemtohaveachildormanychildrenthathavethegeneticpatternofoneoftheparents.

Throughcloning,researchcanprogress.Wecanlearnenoughtoproducehumanorganswithouthavingtoproducehumanbeings.Wemaydeveloptechnologytoalloweasiergenetictestingandfixingproblemssuchasspinalcordinjuries,cancer,andmanymore.

Cloningorgansfororgantransplantsisoneofthemajorpracticalreasonsthatcloningshouldbeallowed.Thereisalwaysahighdemandfororgans.Someargueforthecloningofhumanstocreatesparebodyparts.Otherstalkofjustwantingtocloneanorgantoreplaceanimperfectorgan.

Rejuvenationisalsoakeyargumentforadvocatesofcloning.Humancloningmayonedaycureheartattacks.Somescientistsbelievethatbyinjectingclonedhealthyheartcellsintodamagedhearttissuewillleadtohealingoftheheart.

Notes

1.infertileadj.未生育的

2.ethicaladj.伦理的

3.geneticadj.基因的

4.transplantn.移植

5.rejuvenationn.返老还童

PeriodOne WarmingUp,Pre-reading&Reading

Ⅰ.单词检测

1.differvi.不同;相异

differentlyadv.不同地;相异地

2.exactadj.精确的;准确的

exactlyadv.精确地;准确地

3.commercialadj.商业的;贸易的

4.undertakevt.着手;从事;承担

undertook过去式

undertaken过去分词

5.proceduren.程序;步骤;手续

6.castvt.扔;投;掷

cast过去式

cast过去分词

7.altogetheradv.总共;完全地

8.correctionn.改正;纠正;修正

correctadj.正确的

9.objectvi.反对;不赞成

objectionn.不赞成;反对;异议

10.mediumn.(plmedia)媒介;手段;工具

11.obtainvt.获得;赢得

12.attainvt.获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)

13.moraladj.道德(上)的;伦理的

morallyadv.道德上地;伦理地

14.forbidvt.禁止;不准

forbade/forbad过去式

forbidden过去分词

15.accumulatevt.&vi.积累;聚积

Ⅱ.短语检测

1.allthetime一直,始终

2.payoff得到好结果;取得成功;偿清

3.castdown使失望;使沮丧

4.haveagreatimpacton对……有很大影响

5.infavourof赞成;支持

Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)

1.Cloningmeansmakingacopyofananimaloraplant.( F )

2.Gardenerscanmakealotofmoneybycloningplants.( T )

3.Cloninganimalsisascomplicatedascloningplants.( F )

4.Dollythesheepwasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal.( T )

5.Naturalcloneshappeninanimalsaswellasinplants.( T )

Ⅱ.课文阅读理解

1.Dollythesheep________.

A.lookedexactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheegg

B.wastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleus

C.lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoit

D.hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep

答案 B

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal________.

A.usuallylivesaslongastheoriginalone

B.usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginalone

C.usuallylivesshorterthantheoriginalone

D.isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone

答案 C

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofcloning?

A.Cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes.

B.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning.

C.Cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct.

D.Famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned.

答案 D

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaproblemordangerofcloningaccordingtothepassage?

A.ClonedBinLadenwoulddoharmtotheworld.

B.Animalclonesmaydeveloptheillnessofolderanimalsandmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals.

C.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.

D.Toomuchcloningmayleadtothedestructionofthebalanceofnature.

答案 D

Ⅲ.课文阅读填空

Division

Mainidea

Detailedfacts

Para.1

Thedefinitionofcloning

★Cloningisawayofmakingan1.exactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.

Para.2

TwomajorusesofcloningandtheprocedureofcloningDollythesheep

★Firstly,gardenersuseittoproducemercialquantitiesofplants.Secondly,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.

★Cloningplantsis3.straightforwardwhilecloninganimalsiscomplicated.Cloninganimalsisadifficulttaskto4.undertake.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientists5.paidoffin1996witha6.breakthrough.

Para.3

ThebirthanddeathofDolly

★Cloningscientistswere7.castdowntofindthatDolly'sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears.

Para.4

TheimpactofDolly

★Dolly'sappearanceraisedastorm8.objectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.Itbecamecontroversial.

Para.5

ControversybroughtbyDolly

★Somegovernmentsbegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsand9.forbaderesearchintohumancloning,butothercountriescontinuedto10.accumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.

Ⅳ.难句分析

1.Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning,butothercountrieslikeChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.

句式分析:

此句为but连接的并列句,而且but后又含有一个复合句thatcloningcouldprovide,其中that引导定语从句。

自主翻译:

有些政府开始改革司法制度,明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究,但是其他国家,如中国和英国,则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。

2.However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.

句式分析:

此句为复合句,whether和where引导并列的宾语从句。

自主翻译:

然而,科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类,以及克隆技术将把我们引向何方感到困惑。

1.differ

【语境感悟】

(1)(教材P10)Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.

思考他们如何不同。

(2)Leavesofdifferenttreesdiffergreatlyinsizeandshape.

不同树木的树叶在大小和形状上有很大不同。

(3)ThefactthatIcannoworganizemyowntimemakesadifference.

我现在可以安排自己的时间,这样情况就大不相同了。

【归纳拓展】

(1)differvi.不同;相异;意见不一致

differfrom...=bedifferentfrom与……不同/有区别

differin...在……方面不同

(2)differentadj.不同的

(3)differentlyadv.不同地

(4)differencen.不同;区别

tellthedifferencebetweenAandB 指出A与B的不同

makeadifference有影响

makenodifferencetosb/sth对某事没影响;对某人不重要

【即时跟踪】

(1)单句语法填空

①I'msorryIdidn'trecognizeyoujustnow.Youlookdifferent(differ)somehow.

②TheAmericansspellsomewordsdifferently(differ)fromtheBritish.

③Ignoringthedifference(differ)betweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.

④People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.

(2)完成句子

①你去还是留对我没有什么影响。

Itdoesn'tmakeanydifference/Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoorstay.

②这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。

Thetwinsdifferfrom/aredifferentfromeachotherincharacter.

2.undertake

【语境感悟】

(1)(教材P11)Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.

这是一项很难完成的任务。

(2)TheUnitedNationsissupposedtoundertaketheresponsibilityforglobalpeace.

联合国理应承担全球和平的责任。

【归纳拓展】

undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手;从事;承担;保证

undertakesth承担;从事

undertaketodosth答应做某事;同意做某事

undertakethat...保证……,答应……

【即时跟踪】

(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空

Sheundertooktofinish(finish)thejobbyFriday.

(2)完成句子

①我不能保证一周内完成这项工作。

Ican'tundertakethatweshallfinishtheworkinaweek.

②公司目前正在进行的这些改革对于公司未来的发展非常重要。

Thesereforms(whichare)beingundertakenatpresentisofgreatimportancetothefuturedevelopmentofthecompany.

3.altogether

【语境感悟】

(1)(教材P12)AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.

多莉总共只存活了六年半,这是它的原型羊寿命的一半。

(2)Howmuchdothegoodscostaltogether?

这些货物一共花费多少钱?

(3)Therearealtogether/alltogether40studentsintheclass.班上总共有40个学生。

【归纳拓展】

altogetheradv.全部;总共;总而言之;完全地

【易混辨析】 altogether/alltogether

作“总共”讲时,它们可以互换使用,这时常同数词连用。

(1)alltogether作“一道,一起”讲时,不能用altogether替换。

(2)altogether意为“完全地,总而言之”时,不可与alltogether互换。

【即时跟踪】

(1)完成句子

①谢蕾学习用功,总是帮助别人。

总之,她是个好女孩。

XieLeiworkshard,andalwayshelpsothers.Altogether,sheisagoodgirl.

②你能把这些书一起放进这个箱子里吗?

Canyouputthesebooksalltogetherinthisbox?

(2)英汉互译

①我们总共邀请了50人。

Wehaveinvitedfiftypeoplealtogether/alltogether.

②Idon'taltogetheragreewithyou.

我不完全同意你的意见。

4.objection

【语境感悟】

(1)(教材P12)Ontheotherhand,Dolly'sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.

另一方面,多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。

(2)Nobodyraisedanyobjectiontomydoingitrightnow.

没人反对我现在就做这件事。

(3)ThestudentsobjectedtostudyingonSundaysbuttheirparentsdidnot.

学生们反对星期天上课,但是父母不反对。

(4)MotherobjectedthatJimmywastooweaktotakeupthejob.

母亲反对说,吉米身体虚弱,不能从事那份工作。

【归纳拓展】

(1)objectionn.不赞成;反对;异议

haveanobjectionto...反对……

raiseanobjectionto(doing)sth对(做)……提出异议

(2)objectv.反对

objectto(doing)sth反对(做)某事

objecttosb/sth不赞成/反对某人/某事

objectthat...反对……

(3)objectiveadj.如实的,客观的,无偏见的

【温馨提示】

objectto中,to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,而不能跟不定式。

【即时跟踪】

(1)单句语法填空

①Themainobjectiontotheplanwasthatitwouldcosttoomuch.

②Hehasastrongobjectiontosmoking(smoke)inthepublic,especiallywithfemalespresent.

③Ajudgemustgiveanobjective(object)opinion.

(2)句型转换

Hestronglyobjectedtogettingupearly.

→Hehadastrongobjectiontogettingupearly.

5.obtain

【语境感悟】

(1)(教材P12)Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain,newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.

尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得,但是报纸报道说,有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。

(2)YoucanobtainthisinformationontheInternet.

你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

(3)Thebookscanbeobtainedfromthelibrary.

这些书可以在图书馆里借到。

【归纳拓展】

obtainvt.获得;赢得;买到;借到

obtainknowledge/one'sdegree获得知识/学位

【即时跟踪】

(1)用obtain的正确形式填空

①Alltheparentswishtheirchildrentoobtainhighdegree.

②Furtherinformationcanbeobtai

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