高考英语二轮复习新考势突破检测19阅读理解主旨大意题作业.docx

高考英语二轮复习新考势突破检测19阅读理解主旨大意题作业.docx

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高考英语二轮复习新考势突破检测19阅读理解主旨大意题作业

课时作业19　阅读理解——主旨大意题

（建议用时　30分钟）

A

（2019年河北省保定市高三上学期期末考试）

Humans'inventionofzerowasvitalformodernmathematicsandscience,butwe'renottheonlyspeciestoconsider“nothing”anumber.Parrotsandmonkeysunderstandtheconceptofzero,andnowbeeshavejoinedtheclub,too.

Honeybeesareknowntohavesomenumericalskillssuchastheabilitytocounttofour,whichmaycomeinhandywhenkeepingtrackoflandmarksintheirenvironment.Toseewhethertheseabilitiesextendedtounderstandingzero,researcherstrained10beestoidentifythesmalleroftwonumbers.Acrossaseriesoftrials,theyshowedtheinsectstwodifferentpicturesdisplayingafewblackshapesonawhitebackground.Ifthebeesflewtothepicturewiththesmallernumberofshapes,theyweregivendelicioussugarwater,butiftheyflewtowardthelargernumber,theywerepunishedwithbittertastingfood.

Oncethebeeshadlearnedtoconsistentlymakethecorrectchoice,theresearchersgavethemanewchoice:

awhitebackgroundcontainingnoshapesatall.Eventhoughthebeeshadneverseenanemptypicturebefore,64%ofthetimetheychoseitratherthanapicturecontainingtwoorthreeshapes,theauthorsreporttodayinScience.Thissuggeststhattheinsectsunderstoodthat“zero”islessthantwoorthree.Andtheyweren'tjustgoingfortheemptypicturebecauseitwasnewandinteresting.Anothergroupofbeestrainedtoalwayschoosethelargernumbertendedtopickthenonzeroimageinthistest.

Infurtherexperiments,theresearchersshowedthatbees'understandingofzerowasevenmorecomplex:

forexample,theywereabletodistinguishbetweenoneandzero—achallengeevenforsomeothermembersofthezeroclub.Advancednumericalabilitieslikethiscouldgiveanimalsanevolutionaryadvantage,helpingthemkeeptrackofpredators（捕食者）andfoodsources.Andifaninsectcandisplaysuchathoroughgraspofthenumberzero,writetheresearchers,thenthisabilitymaybemorecommonintheanimalkingdomthanwethink.

1．Accordingtothetrials,theresearchershavefoundthatbees________.

A．havethesameintelligenceasparrotsandmonkeys

B．cancountmanynumbersafterbeingtrained

C．canidentifythesmallernumberquickly

D．understandtheconceptofzero

2．Theresearcherstrainedanothergroupofbeesto________．

A．confirmthebeesareabletoidentifythesmallernumber

B．findthebigdifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofbees

C．provethebeesareinterestedinnewthings

D．showthebeescanbedistinguishedeasily

3．Whatdotheresearcherssuggestinfurtherexperiments?

A．Beesshouldbetrainedmore.

B．Numericalabilitiescouldhelppredatorsfindbees.

C．Insectsarebetteratunderstandingzerothananimals.

D．Animalsmaydisplayathoroughgraspofthenumberzero.

4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．NewFindingsAboutBees'ConceptofZero

B．ExperimentsonBees'NumericalSkills

C．ComplexTrialsAbouttheZeroClub

D．AScienceReportoftheSpeciesofBees

答案与解析

文章大意：

本文是一篇说明文。

介绍了研究人员通过试验发现蜜蜂能够理解数字零的概念。

1．D　细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Thissuggeststhattheinsectsunderstoodthat‘zero’islessthantwoorthree.”可知，根据试验，研究人员发现蜜蜂能够理解零的概念，故D项正确。

2．A　推理判断题。

第二段说研究人员训练十只蜜蜂来识别两个数字中较小的那一个，再结合第三段中的“Anothergroupofbeestrainedtoalwayschoosethelargernumbertendedtopickthenonzeroimageinthistest.”可知，另一组训练总是挑选较大数字的蜜蜂倾向于选择非零图像，研究人员训练这组蜜蜂的目的就是为了证实蜜蜂能够识别较小的数字，故A项正确。

3．D　细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Andifaninsectcandisplaysuchathoroughgraspofthenumberzero,writetheresearchers,thenthisabilitymaybemorecommonintheanimalkingdomthanwethink.”可知，进一步的研究表明动物能够完全掌握零的概念，故D项正确。

4．A　标题归纳题。

通读全文，特别是第一段中的“Parrotsandmonkeysunderstandtheconceptofzero,andnowbeeshavejoinedtheclub,too.”可知，本文介绍了研究人员通过试验发现蜜蜂能够理解数字零的概念，故A项正确。

B

（2019年河北省石家庄二中高三模拟质检一）

ASwissairplanepoweredonlybyenergyfromthesunleftfromAbuDhabiearlyonMarch9.Itscreatorshopetheplanewillmakethefirstaroundtheworldjourneywithoutanyfuel.TheplaneiscalledSolarImpulse2.Ithasoneseatandismadefromcarbonfiber.TheplaneweighsonlyasmuchasacarbutitswingsarewiderthanaBoeing747.Theplane'swingsstretch72metersacross.Thosewingsinclude17，000solarunits,orcells,whichcapturethesun'senergy.Theenergyallowstheplanetoflydayandnight.

TwoSwissscientistsbuilttheplane.BertrandPiccardisalsoanexplorerwhomadethefirstnonstopflightaroundtheworldinaballoon.AndreBorschbergisanengineerandtrainedfighterpilot.Thescientistssaytheyarenottryingtoaltertheairplaneindustry.Instead,theywanttoshowthatnewenergysourcesandtechnologiescanachievewhatsomesayisimpossible.“Wewanttoshowwecanflydayandnightinanaircraftwithoutadropoffuel.”Mr.Piccardsaid.

Somepartsofthetripwillrequirethepilotstobeinthetinyplaneforfivetosixdaysandnightsinarow.Soitisgoodthatthepilot'sseatisalsoatoilet.

Theplane'sroutebeginsintheUnitedArabEmirates.ThepilotsalsoplanstopsinOman,India,andChina.TheywillcrossthePacificOcean,stopintheUnitedStates,andcontinueoversouthernEuropeorNorthAfrica.TheyplantoarrivebackintheUnitedArabEmiratesinlateJulyorearlyAugust.

InternetviewerscangototheSolarImpulsewebsitetoseetheplane'slocationandlistentobroadcastsfromthepilots.

1．Whydoestheplanehavewiderwings?

A．Itcanflyfasterandlandsafely.

B．Itcangetthesun'senergyeasily.

C．ItmaylooklikeaBoeing747.

D．Itwillmaketheplaneappearlarger.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alter”inPara.2probablymean?

A．Improve.B．Change.

C．Rebuild.D．Destroy.

3．Whatdoweknowaboutthetripmadeintheplane?

A．Itwilltakefivetosixdaysandnights.

B．Itisanonstopflightaroundtheworld.

C．ItisbroadcastliveontheInternet.

D．Itdoesn'tincludeNorthAmerica.

4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A．Asolarpoweredplanewilltraveltheglobe.

B．Agoodwaytosaveenergyhasbeenfound.

C．Anewlybuiltplaneconsumesnoenergy.

D．Solarenergywaitstobefullyexplored.

答案与解析

文章大意：

本文属于说明文阅读。

作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了科学家们将新能源科技运用到制造太阳能飞机的实验。

1．B　细节理解题。

根据第一段最后两句Thosewingsinclude17，000solarunits,orcells,whichcapturethesun'senergy.Theenergyallowstheplanetoflydayandnight.可知，飞机有更宽的机翼是因为它可以很容易地获得太阳能。

故选B。

2．B　词义猜测题。

根据第二段中Instead,theywanttoshowthatnewenergysourcesandtechnologiescanachievewhatsomesayisimpossible.（相反，他们想要证明，新能源和新技术可以实现一些人所说的不可能实现的目标。

）可知“科学家们并没有试图改变航空业。

”所以推知划线词的意思是“改变”。

故选B。

3．C　推理判断题。

根据最后一段InternetviewerscangototheSolarImpulsewebsitetoseetheplane'slocationandlistentobroadcastsfromthepilots.（互联网观众可以访问太阳能动力公司的网站，查看飞机的位置，并收听飞行员的广播。

）可知，关于这次飞行，将在互联网上直播。

故选C。

4．A　主旨大意题。

根据第一段中ASwissairplanepoweredonlybyenergyfromthesunleftfromAbuDhabiearlyonMarch9.Itscreatorshopetheplanewillmakethefirstaroundtheworldjourneywithoutanyfuel.TheplaneiscalledSolarImpulse2.（3月9日，一架仅靠太阳能供电的瑞士飞机从阿布扎比起飞。

它的创造者希望这架飞机能进行第一次无燃料环球飞行。

这架飞机被称为太阳动力2号。

）可知，本文讲述的是一架太阳能飞机将环游世界。

故选A。

C

（2019年广西桂林市高三一模）

Learninghowtofacesilenceinconversationisanimportantskill,especiallywhenworkingacrosscultures.

Ininternationalnegotiations,experiencednegotiator（谈判者）staysilentandimpassiveonpurposebecausethatwillmakeothersfeeluncomfortableandpossiblymakecompromiseswithouthavingtodoanything.Americansespeciallycan'tstandsilence,sotheyoftenarethefirsttobreakthesilenceandsometimesmightbeatadisadvantageinnegotiations.

Sowhat'sthebestresponse?

Setyourjawandwaititout.Don'tofferacompromisejustbecausetheyarenotspeaking.Ifyouhavetosaysomething,askadirectquestion,suchas“What'syourinitialreactiontothatoffer？

”Onceasilenceisgettinginto45secondsyoucouldsay,“Let'scomebacktothatinaminuteandgoonwiththenextpartofournegotiation.”

Inpresentations,silencecanbefarmoreeffectivethandramaticpassion（热情）．Beforestarting,lookattheaudienceandbesilentforamomentbecausethatsays,“I'mincontrol.IknowwhatI'mdoing.I'mconfident.”

AclassicexamplewaswhenApplecofounderSteveJobslaunchedthefirstiPhone.Heintroducedwithmanypausessothatyoudidn'tmisshiskeypoints.Becausesilencemakesusnervous,ournaturalreactionisthatwe'dbetterpayattention,there'ssomethinggoingonhere.

Equally,whengivingaspeechtostaffortrainees,pausescount—especiallyiftherearenegatives.Ifyoukeeptalkingyou'respoon_feeding．Givepeopleamomentofsilencetogetbeyondtheemotionalresponseandtostartthinkingconsciouslyandprocessing.

Silencecanbeaninwardfocusedthoughtfulactivityoranoutwardstillnesswhereyougiveyourselfthetimetowatchandthinkandlistentotheworldaroundyou.HavingobservedtheuseofsilenceinFinlandandalsoamongtheBlackfeetNation,aNorthAmericanIndiantribeinnorthernMontanaintheUS,wecanseebenefitsfarbeyondwheelinganddealing.

Silencecanbeaverypowerfulpointforunderstandingourselves,understandingothers,fordevelopingbettercommonunderstandingandmoreproductiveoutcomesandthatappliestobusiness,politics,education,law,medicine,everyareaofhumanlife.

1．WhatismostlikelytobeAmericansidea?

A．Speakinglessgivestheupperhand.

B．Theshortertalkinggapsare,thebetter.

C．Asilentmanisthebestonetolistento.

D．Speakoutwhatyouhaveinyourmind.

2．WhatisthepurposeoftheexampleofSteveJobs?

A．ToshowthewisdomofSteveJobs.

B．Toexplainsilencecanbemoreeffective.

C．Tointroducehowtomakeapresentation.

D．Toprovesilencecaneaseone'snervousness.

3．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“spoonfeeding”inParagraph6?

A．Supportingsomepersonwithanyselflesshelp.

B