50个常见拉丁语词.docx

50个常见拉丁语词.docx

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50个常见拉丁语词

Must-LearnTerms

Ifyoudon'tknowtheseLatinterms,gettolearningthemASAP,astheyarecommonlyusedinspeakingandwritingandmaybehardtoavoid.

1.Perse:

Thedirecttranslationofthistermis"byitself"anditmeansjustthatwhenusedinEnglishaswell.Youcoulduseittosaythatyoudon'tfindchemistryboringperse（byitself,intrinsically）,butthisprofessor'svoiceputsyoutosleep.

2.Viceversa:

FromtheLatinmeaning"tochange"or"turnaround,"thistermmeanstoreversetheorderofsomething.ThisquotefromSamuelButlerprovidesanexample,"Inthemidstofviceweareinvirtue,andviceversa."

3.Almamater:

Ifyoudon'tknowthistermalready,you'llbecomequitefamiliarwithitonceyougraduatefromcollege.Theliteraltranslationis"dear/bountifulmother"butyou'llfinditusedineverydaylanguagetodenotethecollegeoruniversityfromwhichonehasgraduated.

4.Magnumopus:

Whetherit'sinwriting,painting,sculptureormusic,thisLatintermdenotesthegreatestworkdonebyanartist--atruemasterpiece.

5.Bonafide:

Whileit'sliteraltranslationmeans"goodfaith"thistermhasafewdifferentshadesofmeaninginmodernlanguage.Inlegalterms,itisusedtorepresentsomethingthatispresentedwithoutdeceptionorfraud,orliterallyingoodfaith,honest,sincereandlawful.Itismorecommonlyusedtomeansomethingthat'stherealdealortrulyauthentic.

6.Quasi:

InLatin,thiswordmeansasiforasthoughandinEnglishitisusedasbothanadjectiveinitsownrightandasapartofacompoundword.Itsimplydesignatessomethingthatresemblessomethingelsebutdoesn'tquitehaveallthesamefeatures.

7.Alterego:

Cicerocoinedthisterm,mostlikelytakenfromtheGreek,tomean"asecondself"or"anotherI"anditsmodernmeaninghasn'tchangedmuchtoday.Manypeoplehaveanalterego,oranother,perhapshiddenaspectofthemselves.OneexamplefrompopularcultureisBeyonce'salterego,SashaFierce.

8.Verbatim:

Ifyourepeatsomethingverbatimyourepeatitinexactlythesamewords,wordforwordwithnochangesandnoimprovisation.

9.Statusquo:

FromtheLatinmeaning"thestateinwhich"thistermisusedtodaytodesignatetheexistingstateorconditionofthings.Forexample,ifyou'remakingmoneyoffofahighpollutionindustryitistoyourintereststomaintainthestatusquowhenitcomestoenvironmentallaw.

Writing

Knowingjustwhatthesetermsandwordsmeancanbeabighelpinimprovingyourreadingcomprehension.

10.Sic:

Foundinwriting,thisLatinwordmostcommonlyfindsahomeinbrackets（likethis:

[sic]）whenquotingastatementorwriting.Itindicatesthatthereisaspellingorgrammarerror（orjustsomethingoutoftheordinary）intheoriginalquotationandthatthepublicationhasonlyreproduceditfaithfully,notmadeanerroroftheirown.

11.Idest:

You'velikelyseenthisterminwritingbefore,evenifyouweren'tawareasitiscommonlyabbreviatedtoi.e.InLatin,itmeans"thatis"andisusedinEnglishwhenthespeakerorwriterwantstogiveanexampleorexplanationthatspecifiesastatement.

12.Deusexmachina:

Indirecttranslation,thistermmeans,"Godoutofamachine"anditharkensbackancientGreekandRomanplays.Whentheplotwouldbecometootangledorconfusing,thewriterswouldsimplybringinGod,loweredinviaapulleysystem（themachine）andhewouldwrapitallup.Today,it'sstillusedinliteraturetodescribeaplotwhereanartificialorimprobablemeansofresolvingaconflictisused.

13.Exempligratia:

You'lloftenseethistermabbreviatedtoe.g.inwriting.Itmeans"forthesakeofexample"andwhenitseeitinasentenceyoucanexpectthatiswillbefollowedbysomeexamples.

14.Etcetera:

Fewouttherearen'tfamiliarwiththistermbutmaynotknowitaswellwhenit'sspelledoutlikethisandnotabbreviatedasetc.Meaning"andtheothers"itisusedtodenotethatalistofthingscouldcontinueadinfinitum（seebelowfordefinition）andthatforthesakeofbrevityit'sbettertojustwrapthingsupwithasimpleetc.

15.Exlibris:

Backinthedayswhenbookswererarerandmoreexpensivecommoditiesthantheyweretoday,itwascommontomarkyourbookswithalabelbearingyourownnameandthisphrasewhichmeans"fromthelibraryof."Whilenotascommontoday,sometruebibliophilesstillusethelabels.

16.Ibidem:

Anotherabbreviatedterm,thiswordismorecommonlyseeninresearchwritingintheformof"ibid."FromtheLatinfor"inthesameplace"itisfoundinfootnotesandbibliographiestodesignatethatthesamesourcehasbeencitedtwiceinsuccession.

17.Etalii:

You'reunlikelytoencounterthisLatinphraseinitsunabbreviatedform,andwillmostlikelyonlyeverseeitasetalwhenincluded.Thisisalsoatermthatisfoundinfootnotesandbibliographieswhichallowswriterstorefertoalargenumberofauthorswithouthavingtowriteeachnameout（forexample,youcouldsaythatyoursourceisDr.HenryJonesetal.）

EverydayTalk

You'velikelyheardthesewordsandphrasesonthenewsorinconversations,andifyoudidn'tknowwhattheymeantthen,thesedefinitionswillhelpmakeitclearnow.

18.Adinfinitum:

YoumightbeabletoguesswhatthisphrasemeanssimplythroughitssimilaritytothewordweuseinEnglish.Itmeans"toinfinity"andcanbeusedtodescribesomethingthatgoeson,seeminglyoractuallyendlessly,assomestudentsmightfeelaboutcertainclasses.

19.Defacto:

InLatin,defactomeans"fromthefact"andinuseinEnglishitisoftenusedtodistinguishwasissupposedtobethecasefromwhatisactuallythereality.Forexample,legally,employersarenotallowedtodiscriminateinhiringbecauseofage,butmanystillpracticedefacto（inreality,infact）discrimination.

20.Intoto:

No,thisphrasedoesn'tmeanthatthecutelittledogfromTheWizardofOzatesomething,itmeansinallorentirely.Thinkofitassaying"intotal"inareallyweirdvoice.

21.Ipsofacto:

Meaning"bythefactitself"thiscommonlyusedandmisusedtermisdenoteswhensomethingistruebyitsverynature.Forexample,ifyoudon'tfeedyourdogyouareipsofactoabadowner.

22.Tabularasa:

Whenyouwereachild,yourmindmighthavebeenmoreofatabularasathanitistoday.ThisLatinphrasemeans"cleanslate"anddenotessomethingorsomeonenotaffectedbyexperiencesandimpressions.

23.Terrafirma:

Thosewhohatetoflyorgetseriouslyseasickwillbeabletoputthistermtogooduse.Itmeansfirmground,andyoumightbethankingyourluckystarstobebackonitafteratripthroughtheairorroughwaters.

24.Meaculpa:

Ifyouwanttoadmityourownguiltorwrongdoinginasituation,usethisLatinphrasethattranslatesliterallyto"myfault."It'sabitlikeafancier,lessoutdatedwayofsaying"mybad."

25.Personanongrata:

FromtheLatinmeaningan"unacceptableperson"thistermdesignatessomeonewho'snolongerwelcomeinasocialorbusinesssituation.

26.Insitu:

Ifsomethinghappensinsituithappensinplaceoronsite,thoughthetermoftendesignatessomethingthatexistsinanoriginalornaturalstate.Likeararespeciessightedinsituoraninvaluableartifactfoundonanarcheologicalsite.

27.Invitro:

Moststudentswillbefamiliarwiththistermbecauseofmodernfertilitytreatments,buthaveyoueverconsideredwhatthetermactuallymeans?

InLatin,invitromeans"inglass"andanybiologicalprocessthatoccursinthelaboratoryratherthaninthebodyoranaturalsettingcanbecalledinvitro.

28.Invivo:

Whileanexperimenttakingplaceinaglasstesttubemightnotcauseastir,manyareupinarmsaboutthiskindofexperimentation.Invivomeans"withintheliving"andthetwomostcommonexamplesofthiskindofexperimentationareanimaltestingandclinicaltrials.

29.Antebellum:

Duringyourhistorycourses,you'reboundtoencounterthisterm.Itmeansinthemostbasicsense"beforethewar"andwhileitcanbeappliedtoanywaritismostcommonlyusedtorefertotheAmericanCivilWarandtheAntebellumEratheprecededit.

ArgumentsandLogic

Representingargumentsasoldasphilosophyitselfandthetermsassociatedwiththem,thesetermsaregoodtoknowforawell-roundededucation.

30.Apriori:

Youmightcomeacrossthisterminclassesaboutlogicorreasoning.Itmeanstakingagenerallaworideaandapplyingittoaparticularinstancewithoutneedingexperimentationorobservation.Anexampleofanaprioristatementthatisusedis,"allbachelorsaresingle."Youdonotneedtoobservethistoseethatitistruebecause,bydefinition,bachelorsmustbesingle.

31.Aposteriori:

Aposterioriargumentsaredifferentthanaprioribecausetheyarebasedonactualobservationorexperimentation.Continuingonthepreviousexample,anaposterioriexampleofreasoningmightbethat"somebachelorsarehappy."Thiscanbebasedonreallifeobservationisn'tagivenbasedonwhatabacheloris.

32.Adnauseam:

ThisLatintermisusedtodescribeanargumentthathasbeentakingplacetothepointofnausea,oftenwiththesameargumentsbeingrehashedoverandoverforyearsuntileveryone,exceptaselectfew,aresimplysicktodeathofthewholething.

33.Ergo:

Simplyput,ergomeansthereforeandyoucanexchangeitwiththereforeorhenceinanysentenceandmaintainthesamemeaning.Forexample,youcouldsay,"Ithink,ergoIam"withoutchangingthemeaningoftheoriginal.

LegalLanguage

OneplacewhereLatinwordsareverycommonlyusedisinthecourtroom.LearnsomeofthesebasiclegalwordstohelpyoubetterunderstandLawandOrderandhowthelegalprocessworks.

34.Compismentis:

Meaning"incommandofone's