基于制度结构的中小企业技术创新激励系统构建.docx
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基于制度结构的中小企业技术创新激励系统构建
AStudyofMotiveSystemofSME’sTechnicalInnovationBasedonInstitutionalstructure
ChenLinGongXiumin
Abstract:
TheSMEs,asthemainforceoftechnicalinnovationinChina,lackingsufficienttechnicalinnovationmotivationnotonlyseriouslyaffectsthesurvivalanddevelopmentofSMEsthemselves,butalsodirectlyhamperstherealizationofthenationalstrategicgoalforinnovation.AccordingtotheSpecificformoftechnicalinnovationofSMEs---innovationcluster,andcombiningwiththetheoriesofinstitutionaleconomyandrelativebusinessmanagerialtheoriesaswell,thepresentarticlemakesanin-depthanalysisofthecausesofinadequatepoweroftechnicalinnovationinSMEs,andpointsoutthe“system”isthesourceofmotivationofSMEs’technicalinnovation.Basedontheinstitutionstructure,thearticleconstructsanmotivatesystemaimedatmotivatingSMEstoinnovate.Ithascertaintheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificance.
keyword:
SME;technicalinnovation;motivemechanism;institutionstructure;innovationcluster
I.Introduction
Technologicalinnovationhasstrategicsignificationforacountry.ItisthebaseofSMEs’survivalanddevelopment,andalsoisthemainsourceofacountry’scompetitivenessinthebackgroundoftheknowledgeeconomy.AsthemainforceoftechnicalinnovationinChina,theirpatentsofinventionoccupy66%oftotalamountinChina,and85%ofthenewproductshavebeendevelopedbySMEs.However,accordingto"ChinaStatisticalYearbook2007",theamountofChina’snationwideR&Dinvestmentin2006was300.31billionyuan,andtheR&Dintensity(theratioofexpendituresbyanationonresearchanddevelopmenttothenation'stotalGDP)was1.42%,whereastheproportionbetweenSMEs’investmentinR&Dandtheirsalesrevenuesisgenerallylessthan1%.Datashowthatonly28%ofChina’sSMEsengageintechnologicalresearchandexperimentalactivities,andtheirexpendituresonR&Dgenerallyaccountforlessthan1%oftheirtotalsalesrevenue.Butfrominternationalperspective,foranenterprisetosurvive,ithastospendatleast2%ofitssalesrevenueonR&D,anditwillattainitscompetitivepowernotuntilthisproportionisincreasedtoover5%.Obviously,theinnovativemotivationofSMEsisinsufficient,anditnotonlyseriouslyaffectsthesurvivalanddevelopmentofSMEsthemselves,butalsodirectlyhamperstherealizationofthenationalstrategicgoalforinnovation.
Aboutenterprisetechnologyinnovationmotivemechanism,academiahashadplentyofresearch.Thetypicalrepresentativeoftheviewsare:
(1)Accordingtothecausesgeneratingtechnicalinnovation,therearetechnology-pushing(J.A.Chumpeter,etc.),market-drawing(J.Schmooklet,etc.),andtechnology-marketcomprehensivedriving(C.Freeman,D.Mowery,N.Rosenberg,etc.).
(2)Evolutionistsregardvariouskindsofinnovationasawholesystem,andthesystemevolutesfollowthe“specific”pathwhichistheresultofthemutualchoiceofenterprises,technicalopportunitiesandmarkets.Theevolutionisdrivenbythecombinedactionoftechnologymodels,organizationformsandmarketstructure.(3)Recently,mostscholarsstudythisissuefromtheinternalandexternal,orfromthemacroaspectandmicroaspect;etc..Variousviewshavetheirownrationalitybecausetheyarealltheresultsoftheeffectivestudyatthattime.Buttheresultstillnowexitsthreeimperfectionsatleast:
(1)Macroscopicmotivationandmicroscopicmotivationcan'tbeconnectedproperly,andtherelationbetweenthemcan'tbeexplainedverywellalso.
(2)TheresultofmotivemechanismofSMEs’technicalinnovationbasedoninnovationclusterhasnotbeenfound..(3)TheresearchaboutthemotivemechanismofSMEs’technicalinnovationlackssystematicnessbynow.
Therefore,accordingtothecharacteristicsoftechnicalinnovationofSMEs,andcombiningwiththetheoriesofeconomyandrelativebusinessmanagerialtheoriesaswell,thepresentarticlemakesanin-depthanalysisofthecausesofinadequatepoweroftechnicalinnovationinSMEs,andproposesthecorrespondingsolutionandmethodabouthowtomotivateSMEtoinnovateeffectively.Ithascertaintheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificance.
II.ThecausesofthelackofmotivationfortechnologicalinnovationinSMEs
NomaterfromwhatdimensionsorlevelsacademiccirclesstudiedtheproblemofinnovativepowerortheproblemofincentivemechanismofSMEs,inthefinalanalysis,theultimatemotivationofSMEs’technologicalinnovationshouldcomefromthepursuitforprofitbasedoninnovation.Ifentrepreneursdonotanticipatethatinnovationcanhelpthemobtainprofit,they,asrationaldecision-makers,willnotchoosetoinnovate.JustaswhatSchumpeter,honoredasthefatherofinnovationtheory,said,theultimatedrivingforceforinnovationisthepotentialbenefitthatexistsinsoc