山东新高考高二英语时文阅读精练含答案解析.docx
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山东新高考高二英语时文阅读精练含答案解析
山东新高考高二英语时文阅读精练(含答案解析)
A
WhenAnnalefthercaroutsideOxfordonJanuary10th,shehadlittlereasontothinkthatcriminalswouldtakeaninterestinthe12-year-oldcar.Yetthenextafternoonagroupofthieveswerespottedsawingoffitscatalyticconverter(转换器).SuchincidentshavebecomemorefrequentacrossBritainaspricesforpalladiumandrhodium(铑),metalscontainedinthedevices,haverocketed.Thepriceofrhodiumhasrisenby63%inthefirstthreeweeksofJanuaryalone,to$9,850perounce,aroundsixtimesthatofgold.
Demandfromcarmakersissurging.Morethanfour-fifthsofglobaldemandforrhodiumcomesfromtheautomotiveindustry.Themetal,togetherwithplatinumandpalladium,helpsturntoxicgasesinavehicle’sexhaustsystemintolessharmfulsubstancesbeforetheyleavethetailpipe.Facingstricteremissionsregulationsaroundtheworld,carmakersaretakingevenmoreofashinetothesemetals.Althoughthepriceofpalladiumhasreachedarecordhigh,thatofplatinumhasstayedrelativelystable.Thecontrastreflectsashiftinproductiontowardspetrolandhybridcars,whichtendtousegreaterquantitiesofpalladiumintheirconverters.
Rhodiumisusedinbothpetrolanddieselcars.Thatisbecauseitisespeciallygoodatcleaningupnitrogenoxides(氮氧化物),saysRogerBreuer,ananalystataninvestmentfirm.Anotherreasonwhyitspriceissky-highisthetightnessofitssupply.MorethanfouroutofeveryfiveouncesofrhodiumareminedinSouthAfrica.AccordingtoananalysisbyStantec,aconsultingfirm,amineintheWaterbergregionofSouthAfricaduetobegindevelopmentthisyearwillproduce63%palladium,29%platinum,6.5%goldandjust1.5%rhodium.
Rhodiumisexpectedtoremaininhighdemandthisyear.BASF,aGermanchemicalsgiant,reckonsthatChinesecarmakers’demandforthemetalwillincreaseby40%in2020.Butbecauseelectricvehiclesdonotusecatalyticconverters,demandinthelongertermisfarfromassured.Rhodiumcouldquicklyloseitssheen.
1.WhydidthethiefhaveaninterestinAnna’soldcar?
A.Becausehercarlookedgood.B.Becausehercarwasparkedoutsideacollege.
C.Becausethepriceofrhodiumsurged.D.Becausethedemandofconverterincreased.
2.Whydocarmakersneedmetalslikerhodium,platinumandpalladium?
A.Becausethesemetalsmakethecarvaluable.
B.Becausethesemetalsareconvenienttoget.
C.Becausethepriceofthesemetalsisrelativelylow.
D.Becausethesemetalshelpcleancaremission.
3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?
A.Neitherpetrolcarsnordieselcarsneedrhodium.
B.Thepriceofrhodiumisbelievedtobelow.
C.RhodiumismostlyproducedinSouthAfrica.
D.Sufficientsupplyleadstothehighpriceofrhodium.
4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouthinkofthefuturepriceofrhodium?
A.Thepriceofrhodiumwillcontinuerising.
B.Thepriceofrhodiummaydecline.
C.Thepriceofrhodiumwillnotchange.
D.Thereisn’taclearclueinthepassage.
B
ScientistsUseTinySpringMagnets①toHarmlesslyDissolveMicroplastics
AUniversityofAdelaide-ledresearchteamhasdevelopedanewapproachtocleaningwatersourcesofthemicroplasticsthatpollutethemwithoutharmingnearbymicroorganisms.Theresearchershavedevelopedatechniquetobreakdownthemicroplasticsusingtinycoil-shapedcarbon-basedmagnets.
Althoughofteninvisibletothenakedeye,microplasticsareverycommonpollutants.Microplasticsadsorborganicandmetalcontaminants②astheytravelthroughwaterandreleasethesehazardoussubstancesintoorganismslivingnearwaterwheneaten,causingthemtoaccumulateallthewayupthefoodchain.
Toseparatethemicroplastics,theresearchershadtogenerateshort-livedchemicalscalledreactive③oxygenspecies,whichtriggerchainreactionsthatchopthevariouslongmoleculesthatmakeupmicroplasticsintotinyandharmlesspartsthatdissolveinwater.However,reactiveoxygenspeciesareoftenproducedusingheavymetalssuchasiron,whicharedangerouspollutantsintheirownrightandthusunsuitableinanenvironmentalcontext.
Togetaroundthischallenge,theresearchersfoundagreenersolutionintheformofcarbonnanotubes④laced⑤withnitrogen(氮)tohelpboostgenerationofreactiveoxygenspecies.Shapedlikesprings,thecarbonnanotubecatalysts⑥removedasignificantpartofmicroplasticsfromwatersamplesintheirlaboverthecourseofjusteighthours.
“Itturnsoutthatthedegradation⑦productsofmicroplasticarecompletelyharmless,andtheycanalsobeusedasacarbonsourceforalgaegrowth,”saysprojectco-leaderDr.XiaoguangDuan.“Themicroplasticsarecompletelytransformedintocarbondioxideorotherharmlesssubstances,andtheywillnotcauseanyunpleasantorpoisonouseffectstomicroorganismsorfishorotheranimalsinwater.”
Furthermore,thespringswereabletoremainstablethemselvesintheharshoxidative⑧conditionsneededformicroplasticsbreakdownbecausetheloopshapeincreasesstabilityandmaximizesreactivesurfacearea.Asabonus,theminutespringsbecamemagneticaftertheteamincludedasmallamountofmanganese(锰)buriedfarfromthesurfaceofthenanotubestopreventitfromleachingintowater.
Asnotwomicroplasticsarechemicallyquitethesame,theresearchers’nextstepswillcenteronensuringthatthenanospringsworkonmicroplasticsofdifferentcompositions,shapesandorigins.Theyalsointendtocontinuetoabsolutelyconfirmthenon-poisonofanychemicalcompoundsoccurringasinbetweenorby-productsduringmicroplastics’breakingdown.
“Ifplasticcontaminantscanberepurposedasfoodforalgaegrowth,itwillbeavictoryforusingbiotechnologytosolveenvironmentalproblemsinwaysthatarebothgreenandcost-efficient.”ProfessorWangsays.
C
IfpeoplearetotravelextensivelyinspaceandsetupbasesonastronomicalobjectssuchastheMoonthentheywillneedtomakeorfindouttherethethingsrequiredtosupportlife—includingfood,waterandbreathableair.Researchersarealreadyworkingonwaystogrowfoodinspace,andicydepositsthatcouldprovidewaterareknowntoexistonsomestars.Besidesbeingavailablefordrinking,suchwatercouldbesplitintoitsconstituentelementsofhydrogenandoxygenusingelectricityfromsolarpanels.Suchelectrolysis(电解)isalreadythemainwayofmakingoxygenontheInternationalSpaceStation.Now,though,agroupofEuropeanresearchershavediscoveredhowtotakewateroutoftheloop.Theyhaveworkedouthowtogenerateoxygenbyelectrolysingregolith(风化层),thedustymaterialthatcoverstheMoon’ssurface.
TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyannouncedonJanuary17ththataprototypeoxygen-generatingplantusingregolithhasbeensetupatitsresearchcenterintheNetherlands.NotonlycouldsuchamachineuseareadilyavailablematerialtomakebreathableairforpeoplelivingontheMoon,itcouldalsobeusedtoproducerocketfuel,saysBethLomax,whoisworkingontheproject.Liquidoxygenisoneofthemainpropellantsemployedinspacerockets.Alunarrefuellingstationwouldbegoodfordeep-spaceexplorationbecausetheMoon’slowgravitymeanslessfuelisrequiredfortake-off.
Oxygen,intheformofoxides,isthemostabundantelementinlunarregolith,accountingfor40-45%ofitsmass.Thattheelementcanbeextracted(提取)fromregolithwasdemonstratedsuccessfullylastyearbyDr.LomaxandagroupofcolleaguesworkingwithMetalysis,aBritishcompany.Metalysishasdevelopedaformofelectrolysisthatcanextracthigh-valuemetalssuchastantalumfrompowderedmetaloxidesmixedintoabathofmoltensalt.Althoughtheprocessoperatesataround900°C,itdoesnotinvolvemeltingthematerials,whichwouldrequiremuchhighertemperatures.
1.Howisoxygenmainlymadeinspace?
A.Byboilingwater.B.Byelectrolysingwater.
C.Byheatingregolith.D.Byelectrolysingregolith.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTrueaboutoxygen-generatingplantinparagraph2?
A.Thismachinecanproduceairwithregolith.
B.Thismachinecanproducerocketfuel.
C.AprototypeofthismachinehasbeensetupinHolland.
D.Thismachinehasalreadybeensetupinthemoon.
3.Whereisthisarticlemostlikelyfrom?
A.Aguidebook.B.Anovel.C.Adiary.D.Asciencemagazine.
D
LeavingaPetinaHotCarMaybeMeansaBrokenWindow
NewYorkGov.AndrewCuomosignedintolawameasureexpandingthenumberofpublicofficialswhocanbreakintoavehicletorescueanendangeredpetfromanextremelyhotorcoldcar.
Untilnow,onlythepolicecouldescapeliability①fordamagingavehicleinordertorescueapet.Thenewlawsaysfirefightersandemergencymedicalprofessionalswillnotbeliablewhentheyhelpapet.
ThenewlawisintendedtospeeduptherescueofpetssincepotentialrescuerssuchasfirefightersandEMTswillnothavetowaitforthepolicetoarrive.
Animaladvocateshadsupportedthemeasurebeforeitbecamelaw.
"Noanimaldeservestodieanagonizing②andunnecessarydeathinextremeheatconditionsandfrombeingtrappedinahotcar,"saidKittyBlock,presidentandCEOoftheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates,ina blogpost earlierthismonth."WithgreaterawarenessandgreaterlatitudeforSamaritaninterventions,wecanmakethisworldasaferandbetteroneforouranimalcompanions."
MichiganStateUniversityhas thisrundown ofstatelawsonleavinganimalsinhotcars.
E
Coronavirus(冠状病毒)casesspikedintheUKtoday,ashealthauthoritiesconfirmatotalof87infectionsamongBritishcitizens,ignitingfearsoftransmissionwithinsmallercommunities.Coronavirusfearshaveintensifiedthisweek,ascasesstarttoskyrocketintheUK.
Ascoronavirushascont