山东新高考高二英语时文阅读精练含答案解析.docx

山东新高考高二英语时文阅读精练含答案解析.docx

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山东新高考高二英语时文阅读精练含答案解析

山东新高考高二英语时文阅读精练（含答案解析）

A

WhenAnnalefthercaroutsideOxfordonJanuary10th,shehadlittlereasontothinkthatcriminalswouldtakeaninterestinthe12-year-oldcar.Yetthenextafternoonagroupofthieveswerespottedsawingoffitscatalyticconverter（转换器）.SuchincidentshavebecomemorefrequentacrossBritainaspricesforpalladiumandrhodium（铑）,metalscontainedinthedevices,haverocketed.Thepriceofrhodiumhasrisenby63%inthefirstthreeweeksofJanuaryalone,to$9,850perounce,aroundsixtimesthatofgold.

Demandfromcarmakersissurging.Morethanfour-fifthsofglobaldemandforrhodiumcomesfromtheautomotiveindustry.Themetal,togetherwithplatinumandpalladium,helpsturntoxicgasesinavehicle’sexhaustsystemintolessharmfulsubstancesbeforetheyleavethetailpipe.Facingstricteremissionsregulationsaroundtheworld,carmakersaretakingevenmoreofashinetothesemetals.Althoughthepriceofpalladiumhasreachedarecordhigh,thatofplatinumhasstayedrelativelystable.Thecontrastreflectsashiftinproductiontowardspetrolandhybridcars,whichtendtousegreaterquantitiesofpalladiumintheirconverters.

Rhodiumisusedinbothpetrolanddieselcars.Thatisbecauseitisespeciallygoodatcleaningupnitrogenoxides（氮氧化物）,saysRogerBreuer,ananalystataninvestmentfirm.Anotherreasonwhyitspriceissky-highisthetightnessofitssupply.MorethanfouroutofeveryfiveouncesofrhodiumareminedinSouthAfrica.AccordingtoananalysisbyStantec,aconsultingfirm,amineintheWaterbergregionofSouthAfricaduetobegindevelopmentthisyearwillproduce63%palladium,29%platinum,6.5%goldandjust1.5%rhodium.

Rhodiumisexpectedtoremaininhighdemandthisyear.BASF,aGermanchemicalsgiant,reckonsthatChinesecarmakers’demandforthemetalwillincreaseby40%in2020.Butbecauseelectricvehiclesdonotusecatalyticconverters,demandinthelongertermisfarfromassured.Rhodiumcouldquicklyloseitssheen.

1.WhydidthethiefhaveaninterestinAnna’soldcar?

A.Becausehercarlookedgood.B.Becausehercarwasparkedoutsideacollege.

C.Becausethepriceofrhodiumsurged.D.Becausethedemandofconverterincreased.

2.Whydocarmakersneedmetalslikerhodium,platinumandpalladium?

A.Becausethesemetalsmakethecarvaluable.

B.Becausethesemetalsareconvenienttoget.

C.Becausethepriceofthesemetalsisrelativelylow.

D.Becausethesemetalshelpcleancaremission.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.Neitherpetrolcarsnordieselcarsneedrhodium.

B.Thepriceofrhodiumisbelievedtobelow.

C.RhodiumismostlyproducedinSouthAfrica.

D.Sufficientsupplyleadstothehighpriceofrhodium.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouthinkofthefuturepriceofrhodium?

A.Thepriceofrhodiumwillcontinuerising.

B.Thepriceofrhodiummaydecline.

C.Thepriceofrhodiumwillnotchange.

D.Thereisn’taclearclueinthepassage.

B

ScientistsUseTinySpringMagnets①toHarmlesslyDissolveMicroplastics

AUniversityofAdelaide-ledresearchteamhasdevelopedanewapproachtocleaningwatersourcesofthemicroplasticsthatpollutethemwithoutharmingnearbymicroorganisms.Theresearchershavedevelopedatechniquetobreakdownthemicroplasticsusingtinycoil-shapedcarbon-basedmagnets.

Althoughofteninvisibletothenakedeye,microplasticsareverycommonpollutants.Microplasticsadsorborganicandmetalcontaminants②astheytravelthroughwaterandreleasethesehazardoussubstancesintoorganismslivingnearwaterwheneaten,causingthemtoaccumulateallthewayupthefoodchain.

Toseparatethemicroplastics,theresearchershadtogenerateshort-livedchemicalscalledreactive③oxygenspecies,whichtriggerchainreactionsthatchopthevariouslongmoleculesthatmakeupmicroplasticsintotinyandharmlesspartsthatdissolveinwater.However,reactiveoxygenspeciesareoftenproducedusingheavymetalssuchasiron,whicharedangerouspollutantsintheirownrightandthusunsuitableinanenvironmentalcontext.

Togetaroundthischallenge,theresearchersfoundagreenersolutionintheformofcarbonnanotubes④laced⑤withnitrogen（氮）tohelpboostgenerationofreactiveoxygenspecies.Shapedlikesprings,thecarbonnanotubecatalysts⑥removedasignificantpartofmicroplasticsfromwatersamplesintheirlaboverthecourseofjusteighthours.

“Itturnsoutthatthedegradation⑦productsofmicroplasticarecompletelyharmless,andtheycanalsobeusedasacarbonsourceforalgaegrowth,”saysprojectco-leaderDr.XiaoguangDuan.“Themicroplasticsarecompletelytransformedintocarbondioxideorotherharmlesssubstances,andtheywillnotcauseanyunpleasantorpoisonouseffectstomicroorganismsorfishorotheranimalsinwater.”

Furthermore,thespringswereabletoremainstablethemselvesintheharshoxidative⑧conditionsneededformicroplasticsbreakdownbecausetheloopshapeincreasesstabilityandmaximizesreactivesurfacearea.Asabonus,theminutespringsbecamemagneticaftertheteamincludedasmallamountofmanganese（锰）buriedfarfromthesurfaceofthenanotubestopreventitfromleachingintowater.

Asnotwomicroplasticsarechemicallyquitethesame,theresearchers’nextstepswillcenteronensuringthatthenanospringsworkonmicroplasticsofdifferentcompositions,shapesandorigins.Theyalsointendtocontinuetoabsolutelyconfirmthenon-poisonofanychemicalcompoundsoccurringasinbetweenorby-productsduringmicroplastics’breakingdown.

“Ifplasticcontaminantscanberepurposedasfoodforalgaegrowth,itwillbeavictoryforusingbiotechnologytosolveenvironmentalproblemsinwaysthatarebothgreenandcost-efficient.”ProfessorWangsays.

C

IfpeoplearetotravelextensivelyinspaceandsetupbasesonastronomicalobjectssuchastheMoonthentheywillneedtomakeorfindouttherethethingsrequiredtosupportlife—includingfood,waterandbreathableair.Researchersarealreadyworkingonwaystogrowfoodinspace,andicydepositsthatcouldprovidewaterareknowntoexistonsomestars.Besidesbeingavailablefordrinking,suchwatercouldbesplitintoitsconstituentelementsofhydrogenandoxygenusingelectricityfromsolarpanels.Suchelectrolysis（电解）isalreadythemainwayofmakingoxygenontheInternationalSpaceStation.Now,though,agroupofEuropeanresearchershavediscoveredhowtotakewateroutoftheloop.Theyhaveworkedouthowtogenerateoxygenbyelectrolysingregolith（风化层）,thedustymaterialthatcoverstheMoon’ssurface.

TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyannouncedonJanuary17ththataprototypeoxygen-generatingplantusingregolithhasbeensetupatitsresearchcenterintheNetherlands.NotonlycouldsuchamachineuseareadilyavailablematerialtomakebreathableairforpeoplelivingontheMoon,itcouldalsobeusedtoproducerocketfuel,saysBethLomax,whoisworkingontheproject.Liquidoxygenisoneofthemainpropellantsemployedinspacerockets.Alunarrefuellingstationwouldbegoodfordeep-spaceexplorationbecausetheMoon’slowgravitymeanslessfuelisrequiredfortake-off.

Oxygen,intheformofoxides,isthemostabundantelementinlunarregolith,accountingfor40-45%ofitsmass.Thattheelementcanbeextracted（提取）fromregolithwasdemonstratedsuccessfullylastyearbyDr.LomaxandagroupofcolleaguesworkingwithMetalysis,aBritishcompany.Metalysishasdevelopedaformofelectrolysisthatcanextracthigh-valuemetalssuchastantalumfrompowderedmetaloxidesmixedintoabathofmoltensalt.Althoughtheprocessoperatesataround900°C,itdoesnotinvolvemeltingthematerials,whichwouldrequiremuchhighertemperatures.

1.Howisoxygenmainlymadeinspace?

A.Byboilingwater.B.Byelectrolysingwater.

C.Byheatingregolith.D.Byelectrolysingregolith.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTrueaboutoxygen-generatingplantinparagraph2?

A.Thismachinecanproduceairwithregolith.

B.Thismachinecanproducerocketfuel.

C.AprototypeofthismachinehasbeensetupinHolland.

D.Thismachinehasalreadybeensetupinthemoon.

3.Whereisthisarticlemostlikelyfrom?

A.Aguidebook.B.Anovel.C.Adiary.D.Asciencemagazine.

D

LeavingaPetinaHotCarMaybeMeansaBrokenWindow

NewYorkGov.AndrewCuomosignedintolawameasureexpandingthenumberofpublicofficialswhocanbreakintoavehicletorescueanendangeredpetfromanextremelyhotorcoldcar.

Untilnow,onlythepolicecouldescapeliability①fordamagingavehicleinordertorescueapet.Thenewlawsaysfirefightersandemergencymedicalprofessionalswillnotbeliablewhentheyhelpapet.

ThenewlawisintendedtospeeduptherescueofpetssincepotentialrescuerssuchasfirefightersandEMTswillnothavetowaitforthepolicetoarrive.

Animaladvocateshadsupportedthemeasurebeforeitbecamelaw.

"Noanimaldeservestodieanagonizing②andunnecessarydeathinextremeheatconditionsandfrombeingtrappedinahotcar,"saidKittyBlock,presidentandCEOoftheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates,ina blogpost earlierthismonth."WithgreaterawarenessandgreaterlatitudeforSamaritaninterventions,wecanmakethisworldasaferandbetteroneforouranimalcompanions."

MichiganStateUniversityhas thisrundown ofstatelawsonleavinganimalsinhotcars.

E

Coronavirus（冠状病毒）casesspikedintheUKtoday,ashealthauthoritiesconfirmatotalof87infectionsamongBritishcitizens,ignitingfearsoftransmissionwithinsmallercommunities.Coronavirusfearshaveintensifiedthisweek,ascasesstarttoskyrocketintheUK.

Ascoronavirushascont