专业英语四级 78.docx

专业英语四级 78.docx

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专业英语四级78

专业英语四级-78

（总分：

100.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、READINGCOMPREHENSION（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

二、TEXTA（总题数：

3，分数：

25.00）

InthecaseofArchimedes,althoughhemademanywonderfuldiscoveriesofdiversekinds,yetof

themall,thefollowing,whichIshallrelate,seemstohavebeentheresultofaboundless

ingenuity.Hiero,aftergainingtheroyalpowerinSyracuse,resolved,asaconsequenceofhis

successfulexploits,toplaceinacertaintempleagoldencrownwhichhehadvowedtotheimmortal

gods.Hecontractedforitsmakingatafixedprice,andweighedoutapreciseamountofgold

tothecontractor.Attheappointedtimethelatterdeliveredtothekingssatisfactionan

exquisitelyfinishedpieceofhandiwork,anditappearedthatinweightthecrowncorresponded

preciselytowhatthegoldhadweighed.

Butafterwardsachargewasmadethatgoldhadbeenabstractedandanequivalentweightofsilver

hadbeenaddedinthemanufactureofthecrown.Hiero,thinkingitanoutragethathehadbeen

tricked,andyetnotknowinghowtodetectthetheft,requestedArchimedestoconsiderthematter.

Thelatter,whilethecasewasstillonhismind,happenedtogotothebath,andongettinginto

atubobservedthatthemorehisbodysankintoitthemorewaterranoutoverthetub.Asthis

transportedpointedoutthewaytoexplainthecaseinquestion,withoutamomentsdelay,and

withjoy,hejumpedoutofthetubandrushedhomenaked,cryingwithaloudvoicethathehad

foundwhathewasseeking.

Takingthisasthebeginningofhisdiscovery,itissaidthathemadetwomassesofthesame

weightasthecrown,oneofgoldandtheotherofsilver.Aftermakingthem,hefilledalarge

vesselwithwatertotheverybrim,anddroppedthemassofsilverintoit.Asmuchwaterran

outaswasequalinbulktothatofthesilversunkinthevessel.Then,takingoutthemass,

hepouredbackthelostquantityofwater,usingapintmeasure,untilitwaslevelwiththebrim

asithadbeenbefore.Thushefoundtheweightofsilvercorrespondingtoadefinitequantity

ofwater.

Afterthisexperiment,helikewisedroppedthemassofgoldintothefullvesseland,ontaking

itoutandmeasuringasbefore,foundthatnotsomuchwaterwaslost,butasmallerquantity:

namely,asmuchlessasamassofgoldlacksinbulkcomparedtoamassofsilverofthesame

weight.Finally,fillingthevesselagainanddroppingthecrownitselfintothesamequantity

ofwater,hefoundthatmorewaterranoverforthecrownthanforthemassofgoldofthesame

weight.Hence,reasoningfromthefactthatmorewaterwaslostinthecaseofthecrownthan

inthatofthemass,hedetectedthemixingofsilverwiththegold,andmadethetheftofthe

contractorperfectlyclear.（分数：

10.00）

（1）.HeirogainedtheroyalpowerinSyracuse,______.（分数：

2.00）

A.thankstotheaidoftheimmortalgods

B.becauseofhissuccessfulexploits√

C.soastoplaceagoldencrowninatemple

D.inordertoobservehisheroicdeeds

解析：

[解析]根据题干中的Heiro和Syracuse定位到第1段第2句。

由该句中的asaconsequenceofhis

successfulexploits确定B正确。

（2）.Accordingtotheauthor,Archimedesmusthavefoundtheway______.（分数：

2.00）

A.accidentally√

B.effortlessly

C.theoretically

D.technically

解析：

[解析]第2段第3句中的happenedto表明当时阿基米德是偶然发现解决问题的方法的，因此，本题应选A。

虽然“偶然”发现的方法好像是“毫不费力”的，但原文该句中的whilethecasewasstillon

hismind表明阿基米德在偶然发现方法之前一直都在想如何解决这个问题，可见，他也不是“毫不费力”就找到了方法的，因此，B不正确。

（3）.ThewordransportedinParagraphTwoisclosestinmeaningto______.（分数：

2.00）

A.transmitted

B.departed

C.preoccupied√

D.haunted

解析：

[解析]第2段最后一句提到阿基米德在发现方法之后，高兴得连衣服都不穿就跳出浴池跑回家，可见，此处的transported应该是指他满脑子都被高兴得情绪所占据，与此意思最相近的是C。

（4）.Inordertotesthisdiscovery,Archimedes______.（分数：

2.00）

A.madetwocrownsofsilverandgoldrespectively

B.madetwomassesofsilverandgoldrespectively√

C.madeavesselaslargeasthetubwherehehadabath

D.madeapintmeasurelevelwiththebrimofthevessel

解析：

[解析]第3段第1句证明B是正确的。

最具干扰性的是D，该选项的用词与第3段倒数第2句的用词和词序都十分相近，但要注意原文中，untilitwaslevelwith里的it指的不是直接在其前面的pint

measure，而是指再前面的water，将water代回到it的位置，就不难看出D和原文的区别了。

（5）.Thestoryisintendedto______.（分数：

2.00）

A.illustratetheclevernessofArchimedes√

B.tellaninterestingstoryaboutArchimedes

C.recounthowArchimedessolvethedifficultcrownproblem

D.explainthediscoveryoftherelationbetweenbulkandmass

解析：

[解析]作者讲到阿基米德这个故事的原因在全文第1句提到：

是为了说明阿基米德的aboundless

ingenuity，其中ingenuity与cleverness同义，因此，本题应选A。

YellowstoneNationalParkistheoldestnationalparkintheworld.Aboutthreemillionpeople

visititeachyear.Itsgreatnaturalbeautyhasmadeitoneofthemostpopularnationalparks.

MostvisitorsliketoseeOldFaithful,theworldsmostfamousgeyser.Ageysershootshot

waterhighintotheair.TherearemorethanthreehundredgeysersinYellowstone.

OldFaithfulisnotthebiggestorthemostbeautifulgeyser.Butitisthemostpopular.Visitors

gatheraroundOldFaithfulbeforeeacheruption.Expertsattheparkareabletopredictwhen

thesewillhappen.Theaveragetimebetweeneruptionsisaboutninetyminutes.OldFaithfulshoots

wateranaverageoffortymetersintotheair.Thiseruptionlastsbetweentwoandfiveminutes.

OldFaithfulreleasesuptoaboutthirtythousandlitersofwaterintotheaireachtime.

ThehotspotdeepunderthegroundproducesgeyserslikeOldFaithful.OldFaithfulisevidence

ofthevolcanicactivityatYellowstone.ButwilltheYellowstonevolcanoeruptagain?

Mostexperts

thinktheanswerisyes.Butnooneknowswhen.Themostrecentofthethreeextremelypowerful

eruptionswasaboutsixhundredfiftythousandyearsago.

ExpertssayatleastthirtysmallervolcaniceruptionshavetakenplaceatYellowstone.Someof

thesewereperhapsasbigasthenineteenninety-oneeruptionatMountPinatubointhePhilippines.

Severalarebelievedtohavebeenmuchlarger.Themostrecentofthesesmallereruptionstook

placeaboutseventythousandyearsago.

VolcanoexpertssayitisextremelydifficulttotellwhenYellowstonemightbecomeanactive

volcanoagain.However,earthquakesnearavolcanoareusuallygoodevidencethatavolcanomight

becomeactiveagain.Forexample,MountSaintHelensinthenorthwesternstateofWashington

explodedinnineteeneighty.Severalearthquakestookplacenearthevolcanobeforethattime.

Onthemorningthatitexploded,MountSaintHelensexperiencedanearthquakeoffivepointone

ontheRichterscale.

YellowstoneNationalParkexperiencesseveralthousandearthquakeseachyear.Mostareverysmall.

Theycannotbefelt.Theycanonlybemeasuredbyscientificinstruments.However,inAugustof

nineteenfifty-nine,anearthquakeatYellowstonemeasuredsevenpointfiveontheRichterscale.

Twenty-eightpeoplewerekilled.

ItwasoneofthestrongestearthquakeseverrecordedintheUnitedStates.ButYellowstones

sleepinggiantvolcanodidnoterupt.

Intwothousandone,theUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,YellowstoneNationalParkandthe

UniversityofUtahsignedanagreement.

ThatagreementestablishedtheYellowstoneVolcanoObservatory.Undertheagreement,thepark,

theGeologicalSurveyandtheuniversityareresponsibleforimprovingeffortstostudythe

volcanicsystemofYellowstone.

Theobservatoryusesinformationfrommanydifferentinstrumentsonthegroundandfromsatellites

tostudythevolcano.TheinformationwillhelpofficialsdecideifYellowstoneshugevolcano

isbecomingadanger.Thentheycouldwarnthepublicquicklyifnecessary.

ExpertsattheobservatorysayYellowstonerepresentssomedangertothepublic.Italwayshas.

However,itsnaturalbeautyalsomakesitatreasurethatcouldnotbepossiblewithoutthesleeping

giantvolcanothatisunderYellowstoneNationalPark.（分数：

10.00）

（1）.TheOldFaithfulshowsthatthevolcanicactivityatYellowstoneis______.（分数：

2.00）

A.constant√

B.perilous

C.inactive

D.unstable

解析：

[解析]根据题干中专有名词OldFaithful定位到前三段。

本题实际上考查哪个选项符合原文对Old

Faithful的描述。

第3段提到OldFaithful的喷发时间很稳定，可以预测，因此应选A。

而题干中的the

volcanicactivityatYellowstone属于强干扰内容，如果只考虑到“火山活动”，很可能会误选其他选项。

（2）.WhatistrueaboutthevolcaniceruptioninYellowstone?

（分数：

2.00）

A.Expertspredictthatvolcaniceruptionisunlikelytohappenrecently.

B.Thereareatleast30smallvolcaniceruptionseveryyear.

C.ThevolcaniceruptionscanbecomparedtothatatMountPinatubo.

D.Therehavebeenthreeextremelypowerfulvolcaniceruptionssofar.√

解析：

[解析]根据题干中的volcaniceruptioninYellowstone定位到第4至6段。

从第4段最后一句可推断D的说法正确。

最具干扰性的是C，将其与第5段第2句杆相比，可发现原文该句开头的Someofthese是指“一些较小规模的火山喷发”，这与C的主语Thevolcaniceruptions所指范围显然不同。

（3）.WhatdotheexpertsfindoutaboutthevolcanoatYellowstone?

（分数：

2.00）

A.Itseruptioniscloselyrelatedtotheearthquakesnearby.

B.Thestrongeranearthquakenearbyis,themorepossiblyiterupts.

C.Earthquakesnearbyareuselessinregardtothepredictionofitseruption.√

D.Itseruptionhasnothingtodowiththeearthquakesnearby.

解析：

[解析]本题考查volcano与earthquake的关系，定位到第6至8段。

第7段最后一句和第8段表明黄石公园的火山是否爆发与地震没有关系。

虽然第6段第2句表明地震和火山密切相关，但要注意本题询问的只是“黄石国家公园的火山”。

（4）.Whichofthefollowingquestionhasbeenillustratedinthepassage?

（分数：

2.00）

A.WhyistheOldFaithfulthemostpopulargeyser?

B.Howistheformationofgeysersrelatedtovolcanoes?

√

C.WhatmakesYellowstoneanationaltreasure?

D.WhatcausesMountSaintHelenstoeruptin1980?

解析：

[解析]本题实际上为主旨大意题。

本文开始介绍了黄石国家公园最著名的间歇泉TheOldFaithful，然后以此引出“火山”这个话题，这个话题一直延续到文章末尾，根据对文章结构几个部分内容的分析可确定本题应选B。

（5）.Expertsattheobservatoryaremostconcernedabout______.（分数：

2.00）

A.whenthenextearthquakehappens

B.whenthevolcanobecomesactive

C.ifthevolcano