高中现在完成时和练习.docx
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高中现在完成时和练习
表格式现在完成时的时态和语态
现在完成时特点
要点内容
现在完成时概念
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
现在完成时标志语
already,yet,just,before,
sofar,for+一段时间,since+过去时间(twoyearsago)或者一般过去时态的从句
recently,inthepastfewyears“在过去的几年里”inthelastfewyears“在最后几年里,still,lately,often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,
onseveraloccasion“偶尔”,now,thismorning
upto(直到)thesefewdays/weeks/months/years,
thismorning/week/month/year,today,
uptopresent(now)“到现在为止
谓语动词的时态构成
have/has(主语是三单)+done
谓语动词语态构成形式
have/has+been+done
温馨提示(重要考点)
1.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如:
come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
2.现在完成时常见的几种句型:
①主语+have/hasbeen+for短语
②Itis+一段时间+since从句(过去时)
Ithasbeen+一段时间+since从句(过去时)
Itis+一段时间+that从句(现在完成时)
This/Thatis
thefirst(second,third.....)time
+现在完成时的句子
温馨提示:
过去分词规则的和一般过去时态的动词变化规则一样,动词结尾+ed。
不规则的要逐个记忆不规则:
go-went(过去式)---gone(过去分词)
如规则的:
play---played(过去式)--played(过去分词)
Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.
is\amflybegin
areplaygo
drinkworkmake
passdoesdance
worryasktaste
eatdrawput
一、详解现在完成时的常见的标志语和词组,特殊结构的用法
1.九个重点标志语的用法
①already已经肯定句中或句尾
Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.
②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾
Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?
③ever曾经句中Haveyoueverseenpandas?
④never从不句中IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.
⑤just刚刚句中Ihavejustdonemywork.
⑥before以前句尾Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.
⑦sofar到目前为止Sofarhehaslearnt200words.
⑧howlong多久Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?
⑨howmanytimes多少次HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?
2、三词组用法区别:
(1)havegoneto“去了某地”,
主语不在说话现场,通过“WhereisTom”,或者“Myfatherisn’tin/athome.”来体现。
Isyourfatherin?
No,hehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)
(2)havebeento“去过某地”,通过already,yet,just,before,ever,never,
once,twice,数字+次数times标志语来体现。
HehasbeentoBeijingtwice。
(他曾去过北京两次)
(3)havebeenin“去了某地多久”+for+时间段(标志语)
HehasbeeninBeijingfortenyears.
(4)havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin后面接
here,there,home要省去to,in。
Hehasbeenherefortwohours.
3、两结构
fortwomonths
for+一段时间
Jimhaslivedherefor2months.
sincelastyear
since+过去点时间
LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.
since3yearsago
since1990
sincehecamehere
since+过去时态句子
HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.
二 、现在完成时的四个基本句型:
(1).肯定句:
主语+has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其他的。
Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Youhavetalked.
They(I)havealreadyfinishedtheirhomework..
(2).否定句:
主语+hasn’t(haven’t)+动词的过去分词+其他的。
Hehasn’treturnedfromabroadYouhaven’ttalked.
(3).一般疑问句:
Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其他的?
HasPeterwrittensixpaperssofar?
Haveyoutalked?
(4).特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句?
HowlonghasThomasstudiedRussian?
三.现在完成时态中的延续性动词和非延续性动词
1.延续性动词和非延续性动的区别:
(1)延续性动词定义:
表示的动作是能延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响,可以和for+时间段,since+过去时间连接。
如:
learn\work\stand\lie\know\walk\keep\have\wait\watch\sing\read\sleep\live
(2)非延续性动词:
也叫终止性动词或者瞬间动词,一次性动词。
表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束,产生某种结果。
在有了某种结果后,动作就不能再继续下去。
如:
leave\start\setout\arrive\reach\getto\begin\stop\shut\turnoff\marry\put\puton\getup\wake\fall\join\meet\receive\finish\end\complete\become\come\go\die\open\close\break\give\jump\buy\borrow
2.常见的短暂性动词分类(非延续性动词):
(1)方向性动词:
come,go,/arrive/getto/reach,move,leave,open,close,join
buy/catch,borrow,lend,getup,become,fallin
(2)开始结束性动词:
start,begin,finish,end,diebreak,marry,lose
(3)结果性动词:
hear,see,find
(温馨提示:
结果性动词不用进行态,不和延续性时间连用)
3.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法:
表示短暂意义的动词(非延续性动词),可以用完成时,但是不和for+时间段,since+过去时间,可转换成表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词来表示相同的意思。
(因为for+时间段,since+过去时间是一段时间状语,属于延续性时间,要和延续性动词连用)
可以说Hehasarrivedhere.
不能说:
Hehasarrivedherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago.)
可以说:
Hehasbeenherefortenminutes
Hehasbeenheresincetenminutesago.)
Itistenminutessincehearrivedhere.
可以说:
Hehasn’tarrivedherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago).
Hashebeenherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago)?
Hehasdiedtwoyearsago.(用since或者for改写句子)
Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.(错)
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种:
①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)
②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)
③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.
=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.(改为固定句型Itis---since---)
④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.(改为否定句)
⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.(since3yearsago。
)
(用延续性动词have代替buy)
4.延续性动词和非延续性动词转换关系:
①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere
Ihavecomeherefor3years.(错)
②leave/go→beaway
Hehasleftfor3hours.(错)
③begin/start→beon
Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.(错)
④open→beopen/close→beclosed
Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)
⑤die→bedead
Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)
⑥finish/end→beover
Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)
⑦join→beinbea….
Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(错)
Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.
⑧buy/catch→have
Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.(错)
Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.(错)
⑨borrow,lend→keep
Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.(错)
还有其它的归纳如下:
break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost\
5、现在完成时态还常用于下列句型:
①主语+have/hasbeen+for短语HehasbeentoShanghaiforthreeyears.
②Itis+一段时间+since从句(过去时)ItistwodayssinceIarrivedhere.
Itis+一段时间+that从句(现在完成时)Itistwoyearssthatwehavelivedhere.
③This/Thatisthefirst(second,third.....)time+现在完成时的句子
ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
现在完成时基础练习一(现在完成时态的标志语用法)
三.用所给的单词填空。
A.用already或yet
1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures______?
No,not___________.
2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions________
3)Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition________.
B.用since或for
1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons______thebeginningofthisterm.
2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital______lastweek.
3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.
C.用havegoneto或havebeento或者havebeenin
1)Wherearetheboystudents?
They_____totheschoolfactory.
2)Isyourfatherin?
No,he____Shenzhen.
_______heever______therebefore?
Yes,he___thereseveraltimes
3)HeaskedmeifI___Hangzhoubefore.
ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI_____never______tothatcitybefore.
4)Whendidhearrivedthere?
Hearrivedtheretenyearsago.Hetherefortenyears.
5)TomarrivedinBeijignfiveyears.HeBeijingforfiveyears.
6)Where’sLucy?
Shehome.7)Jackheretwice.
现在完成时基础练习二(动词的过去式和过去分词)
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
see________drive________let_______
carry______keep_____join______
find_______think________teach______
catch______ studydrop
cry-_____comebuy
leavefinish____fall_____
meetsaylend
throwkickstop______
现在完成时基础练习三(谓语动词的变化形式)
1.Everystudent_________________(see)thefilmalready.
2.KentandI__________________(write)asongbefore.
3.Dick_______________(do)theworkthesedays.
4.Thepeopleinthemountains________never________(see)films.
5.Patty_______________(buy)amagazineabouttheschoollife.
6.Theactress________________(live)hereallherlife.
7.Theglassisbroken.Who________(break)thisglass?
8.Finallytheworkers______________(finish)thatjob.
9.________you________(borrow)thebookwetalkedabutlasttime?
10.There’snomorewineinthebottle.They________(drink)allofit.
11.____youever____(eat)chocolatesundaes?
No,never.
12.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.
13.Where’sLiMing?
He____(go)totheteacher’soffice.
14.Shanghai___(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit____(become)alargecity.
15.I___(work)heresinceI___(move)herein1999.
16.SofarI___(make)quiteafewfriends.
17.Howlong___theWangs___(stay)here?
He(stay)herefortenhours.
18.Youknow,I(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.
19. Thanksalot.It’ssunnyagain.It_______________(rain)foralongtime.
20._____________Mr.Li_______________(live)heresince8yearsold?
21.SinceMr.Licamehere,he_______________(teach)inthisschool.
22.Isyourmotherathome?
------No,she___________(go)towork.
23. Hermother______(become)adoctorin1970.She____(work)inthehospitalsince26yearsold.
24.He____________(teach)Englishheresincewe______(see)him5yearsago.
25.I’velostmycat._______________youever_______________(see)itanywhere?
26.Myparentsarenotathome.They_______________(leave)forShanghai.
27.Waithere,please.Thetrain_______________(notarrive)yet.
28. Whereismydictionary?
------LiPing_______________(take)itaway.
29.I_______________(lose)mypen,andI_______________(look)foritnow.
30.I_______________(notsee)suchastrangethingbefore.
现在完成时基础性练习四(延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换)
1.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.(同义句)
Thefactory_____________________fortenyears.
Thefactorysincetenyearsago.
2.Theyhavecleanedtheroomtwicethisweek.(就划线部分提问)
____________________they______theclassroomthisweek?
Theyhavecleanedtheroomtwiceaweek.(就划线部分提问)
________________they______theclassroomthisweek?
3.MyfatherwenttoEnglandin2003and2005.(同义句)
Myfather________________England_____.
4.Johnleftthreeyearsago.(同义句)
John_______________________threeyears.
Johnsincethreeyearsago
ItsinceJohnleft.
5Hiscompanyclosedin