托福句子结构语法结构.docx
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托福句子结构语法结构
selllikehotcakes=sellverywellorveryquickly
2WheneverIhavetomakeaspeechIgetbutterfliesinmystomach.
getbutterfliesinone'sstomach=getnervous
3Hewoulddoanythingforhisdaughter.Shewastheappleofhiseye.
betheappleofone'seye=beveryprecioustosb.
4Lendme$30,please,Tom,I'mbrokeatthemoment.
bebroke=doesn'thaveanymoney
5Theaccidentwascausedbyataxidriverjumpingthegreenlight.
jumpthegreenlight=doesn'twaitforthetrafficlightstochangetogreen
6Youdidn'tthinkIwasserious,didyou,Joe!
Itwasajoke!
Iwaspullingyourleg,that'sall.
pullone'sleg=teasesomeone,逗某人玩
7Becausetheownerwantedaquicksale,thepaintingwentforasong-only$1000.
Ifsomething"goesforasong",itissoldverycheaply
8Hecaughtthelasttrainbytheskinofhisteeth.
Bytheskinofone'steeth=thepersononlyjustcaughtthelasttrain;healmostmissedit.
9Therewasashortageoffood;soyouhadtopaythroughthenoseforwhatyoucouldfind.
To"paythroughthenose"forsomethingistopayfarmoreforsomethingthanitisreallyworth
10Ifhefindsoutwhatyoudidwiththecompany'smoney,he'llhittheroof.
Hittheroof=getveryangry
11Theskygotverydarkandsoontherainbegantobucketdown.
Bucketdown=rainveryheavily
12TheyallchipinforthebenefitofSimpson'swidowandlittlechild.
chipin=contributemoney捐献
13Heusuallybuyshisclothesoffthepeg.It'scheaperthangoingtoadressmaker.
Offthepegclothes=成衣
14Nowstopbeatingaboutthebushandtellmewhathappened!
beataboutthebush=avoidsayingdirectlywhatyoumean
15Ireallymustgoandliedownforawhile;I'vegotasplittingheadache.
splittingheadache=painfulheadache
1.AridregionsinthesouthwesternUnitedStateshavebecomeincreasinglyinvitingplaygroundsforthegrowingnumberofrecreationseekerswhoownvehiclessuchasmotorcyclesorpoweredtrailbikesandindulgeinhill-climbingcontestsorincavingnewtrailsinthedesert.
美国西部的不毛之地正成为玩耍的地方，对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的，喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者具有不断增长的吸引力。
2.Stonedoesdelay,andsotoolsoflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemanwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.
石头不会腐烂，所以以前的（石器）工具能保存下来，虽然它们的制造者已经消失的无影无踪。
3.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.
昆虫就将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住;如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护，昆虫就会吞嚼掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽兽。
4.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilousnature,equippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,buttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.
确实，他们在探险中遇到了极具威胁性的困难和危险，而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身颤栗。
不过他们并不是刻意去追求刺激的。
5.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone:
theyoungmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:
andmaybethatiswheretherubis.
老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别：
年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来，老年人灿烂的未来却已在它们身后。
这也许就是困难之所在。
6.Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomeanambitionsorlovecomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.
我们为年强人振奋。
他们带有fire的气息，他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。
他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人，他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。
7.IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeoplesoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.
每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。
8.Itisimpossibletosaysimplyforthefunandexercise:
assoonasthequestionofprestigearises,assoonasyoufeelthatyouandsomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulose,themostsavagecombativeinstinctsarearound.
没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动：
一旦有了问题，一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时，你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。
9.Ithasbeenfoundthatcertainbatsemitsqueaksandbyreceivingtheechoes,theycanlocateandsteerclearofobstacles------orlocateflyinginsectsonwhichtheyfeed.Thisecho-locationinbatsisoftencomparedwithradar,theprincipleofwhichissimilar.
人们已经发现，某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接受回响来锁定和避免障碍物——或者找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。
蝙蝠这种回响定位法常拿来和原理与之很相近似的雷达相比。
10.Asthetimeandcostofmakingaclipdroptoafewdaysandafewhundreddollars,engineersmaysoonbefreetolettheirimaginationssoarwithoutbeingpenalizedbyexpensivefailure.
随着芯片制造时间和费用降低到了几天和几百美元，工程师们可能很快可以任他们的想象驰骋而不会被昂贵的失败所惩罚
l句子开头
1.用分词开头
a）Overcomebythegrief,WinstontookrefugeatthehomeoffriendsinScotland.
b）DelightedwithanythingthatdistractedWinstonfromthedarkthoughtsthatoverwhelmedhim,Clementinerushedofftobuywhateverpaintsandmaterialsshecouldfind.
2.用不定式短语开头
a）Tohelpstudentsunderstanddeathasthenaturalendofalifecycle,theschoolintroducesanoncreditcourse–death.
b）Tomeetourenergyneeds,competewithforeignindustry,andmaintainourstandardofliving,weneedstaggeredamountsofnewcapital.
3.用介词开头
用apartfrom,besides,despite,before,in,for,by,without,with,thanksto等介词短语开头，是使句子生动变化的一种手段。
a）Despitetheirmenacingappearance,mostreptilesaren’treallyviciousifyouleavethemalone.
b）Withtheadventoftheinternet,ourworldhasshrunkmoreinasinglegenerationthaninthepreceding5000years.
c）Withintheconfinesofthewomen’sliberationistideology,therefore,theabolitionofthisoverridinginequalityofwomenbecomestheprimarygoal.
d）FromthemomentwesteppedintothePeople’sRepublicofChina,careandkindnesssurroundedusoneveryside.
e）UndertheplacidsurfaceoflifetherealwayswasdissatisfiedrestlessnesseversincetheendoftheAlliedoccupationregime.
4.用抽象名词开头
a）Theharshnessandhostilityofourenvironment,andthehidden,indefinablethreatthatisalwaysafloatintheair,obligeustocloseourselvesin.
b）Thattoleranceforchangealsorepresentsdeeplyrootedideasoffreedom.
c）HopepersistedinMarshallbecausetheonlyalternativewasamilitarysolution.
d）Publicawarenessoftheenvironmenthascreatedasurgeofinterestinhomegardeningandurbanhorticultureandhasledtotheincreaseduseoflandscapingtomodifythefunctionalandaestheticaspectsofthesurroundings.
5.用副词或形容词开头
a）Backinthe1960s,scholarsadvisedtheAmericanpublicthatautomationwasmakingworkunnecessary,sothebigproblemofthefuturewouldbehowtocopewithanoverabundanceofthefreetime.
b）Basically,suchattitudeamounttorecognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandabeliefthatleisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.
c）Shrewdandpowerful,hehadenormousinfluenceuponthekingsofTrance.
d）Confidentofaquickvictory,Hitlerexpectedthecampaigntolastnolongerthanthreemonths.
6.用itis+V-ed短语开头
a）Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingaboutyouthisthatitiswastedontheyoung.
b）Itiswidelyacceptedthatsomechildrenwerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.
c）Itwasgenerallyassumed,however,thatnativespeakercompetenceintheStandardEnglishwasacquiredthroughformallearning.
7.用thereis结构开头
a）Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.
b）Thereistheappreciationofthesalienthistoricaltruththattheagingofadvancedsocietieshasbeenasuddenchange.
c）ThereisoftenresistancetotheideathatitisbecausethebirthratefellearlierinWesternandNorthwesternEuropethanelsewhere,thatwehavegrownsoold.
l句子结构
在雅思大作文部分要取得7分以上的高分，必须要句型多样，而大多生考生都不知道如何变换举行，以下就介绍几种常用的方法。
1.定语从句
用定语从句改写下列句子（不改变意义）
1.TheChinesecharacterhaocombinesthesymbolfor“woman”withthesymbolfor“boy”.TheChinesecharactermeans“good”.
2.Thetestsdonotmeasuregenuineintellectualability.Collegesusetheteststocareenapplicantsforadmission.
3.Thefollowingaretypicalofthenatureoftheircrime.Thepatternofthencanbetracedtoanysectiontothecountry.
2.分词短语
运用分词短语不仅改变了原有的句型，而且能使句子间的语义关系更加清楚。
请比较下面的句子：
1.AnIQscoreisstampedonapermanentschoolrecord.Itmayinfluenceteacherexpectations.Itmayalsodetermineachild’sfuture.
2.Uncheckedpopulationgrowthisnotmerelyanannoyingproblem.Itisnotmerelyexaggeratedbypessimistswhoalwaysworryaboutthefuture.Itis,onthecontrary,themostseriousproblemhumanityfacestoday.
3.AuniversityprofessorinArizonawasassignedtotutorunderachievingcollegeathletes.Herecalledarunnerwhoexerciseddaily.
4.Inalectureoneconomics,curiousstudentswouldaskhowtheChineseeconomycouldbebothsocialistandmarket-driven.Inthiswaytheyinterestthemselvesnotonlyinwhat,butalsoinwhys.
3.双重否定句
英语中常常用两个否定词来表达一个肯定的意思。
i.Youcan’tlendyourmarkedbooktoyourfriendsbecausenobodyelsecanreadthemwithoutbeingdistractedbyyournotes.
ii.YouwillnevercatchmewithafreefifteenminutesinwhichI’mnotreadingsomething.
iii.Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning.
iv.Regardlessofwherethebookscamefrom,IcannotrememberatimewhenIwasnotinlovewiththem.
4.比较级句
比较英汉句子，英语通过比较级来表达意思的句子远比汉语多得多。
i.FewproblemsinAmericacausesomuchconcernandwidespreadpublicinterestasdoestheproblemofyouthfulmisbehavioranddelinquency.
ii.Nowhere,however,iscommunicationsmoreimportant,orlessstudiedthanintheinteractionbetweenphysiciansandtheirpatientsaboutlifeanddeathdecision.
iii.Butwewouldnomoreturnthemawaythanhospitalwouldtur
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