自学词汇学真题及答案.docx

自学词汇学真题及答案.docx

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自学词汇学真题及答案

2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

英语词汇学试题

课程代码：

00832

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket.（30%）

1.Grammariansinsistthatawordbea__________formthatcanfunctioninasentence.（D）1.1-6

A.smallB.large

C.fixedD.free

2.IntheearlieststageofEnglish,thewrittenformofawordshould________thatoftheoralform.（A）1.3-8

A.agreewithB.disagreewith

C.bethesameasD.bedifferentfrom

3.____________consistsoftechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareasasinmedicine,mathematics,etc.（A）1.5.1-13

A.TerminologyB.Jargon

C.SlangD.Argot

4.Social,economicandpoliticalchangesbringaboutsuchnewwordsasthefollowingsEXCEPT_________.（C）2.3-30

A.fastfoodB.TVdinner

C.MaojacketsD.Watergate

5.RevivingarchaicwordsalsocontributestothegrowthofEnglishvocabulary.Forinstance,“loan”,whichwasprevalentinthethirteenthcentury,wasreplacedby“__________”inAmericanEnglish.（D）2.4-32

A.ownB.let

C.rentD.lend

6.IfwesaythatOldEnglishwasalanguageof__________endings,MiddleEnglishwasoneofleveledendings.（A）2.2.2-28

A.fullB.short

C.longD.paralleled

7.Thepluralmorpheme“-s”ispronouncedas/z/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______________.（D）3.2-38

A.bottlesB.eggs

C.zoosD.maps

8.Thereis/are_____________freemorphemicword（s）inthefollowingwords:

wind,man,reddish,collection.（B）3.3.1-39

A.lB.2

C.3D.4

9.ThefollowingwordshaveinflectionalaffixesEXCEPT____________.（B）3.3.2-41

A.likesB.dislike

C.likingD.liked

10.Themostproductivemeansofword-formationarethefollowingEXCEPT_______________.

（B）4-45

A.affixationB.blending

C.compoundingD.conversion

11.Prefixesgenerallydonotchangethe__________ofthestem.（C）4.1.1-46

A.meaningB.form

C.wordclassD.pronunciation

12.Theword“dorm”isformedby_________clipping.（A）4.5-65

A.backB.front

C.phraseD.frontandback

13.Theword“reading-lamp”is_______motivated.（B）5.2.2-84

A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologically

C.semanticallyD.etymologically

14.Thesynonymouspairof“ask－question”hasthesame___________.（D）5.1.2-83

A.motivationB.value

C.functionD.concept

15.Inthesentence“Eastorwest,homeisbest”,“home”hasits__________meaningof“family,safety,love”,etc.（B）5.3.2-88

A.grammaticalB.connotative

C.stylisticD.collocative

16.Semantically,awordwhichisrelatedtootherwordsisrelatedtothemin____________.

（A）6-95

A.senseB.spelling

C.morphemeD.rootandstem

17._____________,thederivedmeanings,nomatterhowmany,aresecondaryincomparison.

（A）6.1.1-97

A.SynchronicallyB.Diachronically

C.EtymologicallyD.Onomatopoeically

18.Theantonymsusedintheproverb“Speechissilver;silenceisgolden”are____________.

（A）6-131

A.speech-silenceB.golden-silver

C.speech-silverD.silence-golden

19.InShakespeareanline‘Ratsandmiceandsuchsmall‘deer’,‘deer’obviouslydesignates‘anima’ingeneral.Therefore‘deer’isatypicalexampleof_________.（C）7.1.2-137

A.extensionB.elevation

C.narrowingD.degradation

20.Observationshowsthatitismuchmorecommonforwordmeaningstochangeindenotationfromneutralto____________thanitisforthemtogotheotherway.（D）7.1.4-139

A.importantB.agreeable

C.respectiveD.pejorative

21.Amongthefollowingwordsonly“________”expressesthepropertyofelevation.（C）7.1.3-138

A.lustB.criticize

C.knightD.silly

22.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemainfunctionsofcontext?

（C）8.2-154

A.Eliminationofambiguity.

B.Indicationforreferents.

C.Understandingofculturalbackground.

D.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.

23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacontextclue?

（D）8.2.3-157

A.Definition.B.Example.

C.Synonymy.D.Sentencestructure.

24.Thesentence“Theballwasattractive”isambiguousdueto_______________.（C）8.2.1-155

A.grammaticalstructureB.lexicalcontext

C.homonymyD.polysemy

25.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecharacteristicsofidioms?

（A）9.1-162

A.Semanticunity.B.Lexicalmanipulation.

C.Phoneticunity.D.Structuralvariation.

26.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftherhetoriccharacteristicsofidiomsingeneral?

（B）9.3.2-169

A.Stylisticfeatures.B.Syntacticalfeatures.

C.Rhetoricalfeatures.D.Occasionalvariations.

27.Theidiom“bedofdust”isa___________asfarasfiguresofspeechareconcerned.

（B）9.3.2-175

A.simileB.metaphor

C.metonymyD.personification

28.CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionaryisa（n）_____________dictionary.

（B）10.1.3-187

A.unabridgedB.desk

C.pocketD.encyclopedic

29.Whenwechooseadictionary,weshouldnotpayattentiontowhetheritis_____________.

（D）10.2.1-188

A.monolingualorbilingualB.generalorspecialized

C.earlyorlateD.unabridgedorabridged

30.ReaderswillusuallyfindinageneraldictionarythefollowingareasofinformationofawordEXCEPT_______________.（D）10.2.2-191

A.spellingB.definition

C.pronunciationD.differencewithitssynonyms

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.（15%）

31.Thejargonofcriminalsisgenerallyreferredas___argot__________.1.5.1-15

32.FromthehistoricaloverviewoftheEnglishvocabulary,thelanguagespokenfrom1150to1500iscalled___Middle__________English.2.2.2-26

33.Themorphemeisthesmallest____functioning___unitinthecompositionofwords.3.1-38

34.Theformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorestemsiscalled__compounding____.4.2-51

35.Unlikeconceptualmeaning,____associative______________meaningisopen-endedandindeterminate.5.3.2-87

36.Fromthe___diachronic___pointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthtobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.6.1.1-96

37.Changinginword_____meaning_________hasneverceasedsincethelanguagecameintobeingandwillcontinueinthefuture.7-135

38.Basedonthe______lexical________________context,wecandeterminethemeaningof“dotheflowers”as“arrangetheflowers”.8.1.2-152

39.Thestylisticfeaturesofidiomsare____colloquialisms____,slangandliteraryexpressions.9.3.1-171

40.Theuser-friendlyfeaturesofLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglishareitscleargrammarcodes,_____usage______andlanguagenotes.10.3.1-197

III.Definethefollowingterms.（15%）

41.freemorphemes3.3.1-39

答案：

Morphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemesareconsideredtobefree.Thesemorphemeshavecompletemeaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.

42.allomorphs3.2-38

答案：

Somemorphemes,however,arerealizedbymorethanonemorphaccordingtotheirpositioninaword.Suchalternativemorphsareknownasallomorphs.

43.affixation4.1-46

答案：

Affixationisgenerallydefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostems.

44.polysemy6.1-95

答案：

Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages.ThisisparticularlytrueofhighlydevelopedlanguageslikeEnglish.

45.linguisticcontext8.1-149

答案：

Contextisusedindifferentsenses.Inanarrowsense,itreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesinwhichawordappears.Thisisknownaslinguisticcontext,whichmaycoveraparagraph,awholechapterandeventheentirebook.

IV.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyour

answersinthespacegivenbelow.（20%）

46.Whatisthedifferencebetweenrootandstem?

3.4-42

答案：

Arootisthebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalysedwithouttotallossofidentity.Astemmayconsistofasinglerootmorphemeasinironoroftworootmorphemesasinacompoundlikehandcuff.Itcanbearootmorphemeplusoneormoreaffixationalmorphemes.

47.Whatiscollocativemeaningofaword?

Pleasetake“pretty”and“handsome”asanexampletoillustrateyourpoint.5.3.2-91

答案：

Collocativemeaningisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.Thesynonymsofprettyandhandsomeoffergoodillustration.Thesetwowordssharetheconceptualmeaningof‘good-looking’,butaredistinguishedbytherangeofnounstheycollocatewith.

48.Bythecriterionofgrammaticalfunctions,idiomsmaybeclassifiedintofivegroups.Namethefivegroupsandmatchthefollowingexpressionswiththemastheirexamplesrespectively.9.2-165

“whiteelephant”“lookinto”“beyondthepale”

“toothandnail”“Neverdothingsbyhalves.”

答案：

IdiomsNominalinNature.eg:

whiteelephant

IdiomsAdjectivalinNature.eg:

beyondthepale

IdiomsVerbalinNature.eg:

lookinto

IdiomsAdverbialinNature.eg:

toothandnail

SentenceIdioms.eg:

Neverdothingsbyhalves.

49.Whatcontextualcluesdoyouoftenusetohelpyouinguessingthemeaningsofnewwords?

Demonstratetheseclueswithexamples.8.2.3-157

答案：

Contextcluesvaryagreatdealbutcanbesummedupasfollows：

（1）Definition.Oftenwefindthattheauthorgivesformaldefinitionimmediatelyafterthenewterm,e.g.Perhapsthemoststartlingtheorytocomeoutofkinesics,thestudyofbodymovement,wassuggestedbyProfessorBird-whistell.

（2）Explanation.Iftheconceptiscomplicatedandmustinvolvetechnicaltermsinitsdefinition,theauthormightexplaintheideainsimplewords.Thatis,hemightmakearestatementinknownwordse.g.It'sjustonemoreincredibleresultofthedevelopmentofmicroprocessors