旅行社管理系统中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

旅行社管理系统中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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旅行社管理系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译

（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）

ASP.NETOverview

ASP.NETisaunifiedWebdevelopmentmodelthatincludestheservicesnecessaryforyoutobuildenterprise-classWebapplicationswithaminimumofcoding.ASP.NETispartofthe.NETFramework,andwhencodingASP.NETapplicationsyouhaveaccesstoclassesinthe.NETFramework.Youcancodeyourapplicationsinanylanguagecompatiblewiththecommonlanguageruntime（CLR）,includingMicrosoftVisualBasic,C#,JScript .NET,andJ#.TheselanguagesenableyoutodevelopASP.NETapplicationsthatbenefitfromthecommonlanguageruntime,typesafety,inheritance,andsoon.

ASP.NETincludes:

∙Apageandcontrolsframework

∙TheASP.NETcompiler

∙Securityinfrastructure

∙State-managementfacilities

∙Applicationconfiguration

∙Healthmonitoringandperformancefeatures

∙Debuggingsupport

∙AnXMLWebservicesframework

∙Extensiblehostingenvironmentandapplicationlifecyclemanagement

∙Anextensibledesignerenvironment

TheASP.NETpageandcontrolsframeworkisaprogrammingframeworkthatrunsonaWebservertodynamicallyproduceandrenderASP.NETWebpages.ASP.NETWebpagescanberequestedfromanybrowserorclientdevice,andASP.NETrendersmarkup（suchasHTML）totherequestingbrowser.Asarule,youcanusethesamepageformultiplebrowsers,becauseASP.NETrenderstheappropriatemarkupforthebrowsermakingtherequest.However,youcandesignyourASP.NETWebpagetotargetaspecificbrowser,suchasMicrosoftInternetExplorer6,andtakeadvantageofthefeaturesofthatbrowser.ASP.NETsupportsmobilecontrolsforWeb-enableddevicessuchascellularphones,handheldcomputers,andpersonaldigitalassistants（PDAs）.

ASP.NETWebpagesarecompletelyobject-oriented.WithinASP.NETWebpagesyoucanworkwithHTMLelementsusingproperties,methods,andevents.TheASP.NETpageframeworkremovestheimplementationdetailsoftheseparationofclientandserverinherentinWeb-basedapplicationsbypresentingaunifiedmodelforrespondingtoclienteventsincodethatrunsattheserver.Theframeworkalsoautomaticallymaintainsthestateofapageandthecontrolsonthatpageduringthepageprocessinglifecycle.

TheASP.NETpageandcontrolsframeworkalsoenablesyoutoencapsulatecommonUIfunctionalityineasy-to-use,reusablecontrols.Controlsarewrittenonce,canbeusedinmanypages,andareintegratedintotheASP.NETWebpagethattheyareplacedinduringrendering.

TheASP.NETpageandcontrolsframeworkalsoprovidesfeaturestocontroltheoveralllookandfeelofyourWebsiteviathemesandskins.Youcandefinethemesandskinsandthenapplythematapageleveloratacontrollevel.

Inadditiontothemes,youcandefinemasterpagesthatyouusetocreateaconsistentlayoutforthepagesinyourapplication.Asinglemasterpagedefinesthelayoutandstandardbehaviorthatyouwantforallthepages（oragroupofpages）inyourapplication.Youcanthencreateindividualcontentpagesthatcontainthepage-specificcontentyouwanttodisplay.Whenusersrequestthecontentpages,theymergewiththemasterpagetoproduceoutputthatcombinesthelayoutofthemasterpagewiththecontentfromthecontentpage.

AllASP.NETcodeiscompiled,whichenablesstrongtyping,performanceoptimizations,andearlybinding,amongotherbenefits.Oncethecodehasbeencompiled,thecommonlanguageruntimefurthercompilesASP.NETcodetonativecode,providingimprovedperformance.

ASP.NETincludesacompilerthatwillcompileallyourapplicationcomponentsincludingpagesandcontrolsintoanassemblythattheASP.NEThostingenvironmentcanthenusetoserviceuserrequests.

Inadditiontothesecurityfeaturesof.NET,ASP.NETprovidesanadvancedsecurityinfrastructureforauthenticatingandauthorizinguseraccessaswellasperformingothersecurity-relatedtasks.YoucanauthenticateusersusingWindowsauthenticationsuppliedbyIIS,oryoucanmanageauthenticationusingyourownuserdatabaseusingASP.NETformsauthenticationandASP.NETmembership.Additionally,youcanmanagetheauthorizationtothecapabilitiesandinformationofyourWebapplicationusingWindowsgroupsoryourowncustomroledatabaseusingASP.NETroles.Youcaneasilyremove,addto,orreplacetheseschemesdependingupontheneedsofyourapplication.

ASP.NETalwaysrunswithaparticularWindowsidentitysoyoucansecureyourapplicationusingWindowscapabilitiessuchasNTFSAccessControlLists（ACLs）,databasepermissions,andsoon.FormoreinformationontheidentityofASP.NET,

ASP.NETprovidesintrinsicstatemanagementfunctionalitythatenablesyoutostoreinformationbetweenpagerequests,suchascustomerinformationorthecontentsofashoppingcart.Youcansaveandmanageapplication-specific,session-specific,page-specific,user-specific,anddeveloper-definedinformation.Thisinformationcanbeindependentofanycontrolsonthepage.

ASP.NEToffersdistributedstatefacilities,whichenableyoutomanagestateinformationacrossmultipleinstancesofthesameapplicationononecomputeroronseveralcomputers.

ASP.NETapplicationsuseaconfigurationsystemthatenablesyoutodefineconfigurationsettingsforyourWebserver,foraWebsite,orforindividualapplications.YoucanmakeconfigurationsettingsatthetimeyourASP.NETapplicationsaredeployedandcanaddorreviseconfigurationsettingsatanytimewithminimalimpactonoperationalWebapplicationsandservers.ASP.NETconfigurationsettingsarestoredinXML-basedfiles.BecausetheseXMLfilesareASCIItextfiles,itissimpletomakeconfigurationchangestoyourWebapplications.Youcanextendtheconfigurationschemetosuityourrequirements.

ASP.NETincludesfeaturesthatenableyoutomonitorhealthandperformanceofyourASP.NETapplication.ASP.NEThealthmonitoringenablesreportingofkeyeventsthatprovideinformationaboutthehealthofanapplicationandabouterrorconditions.Theseeventsshowacombinationofdiagnosticsandmonitoringcharacteristicsandofferahighdegreeofflexibilityintermsofwhatisloggedandhowitislogged.

ASP.NETsupportstwogroupsofperformancecountersaccessibletoyourapplications:

∙TheASP.NETsystemperformancecountergroup

∙TheASP.NETapplicationperformancecountergroup

ASP.NETtakesadvantageoftherun-timedebugginginfrastructuretoprovidecross-languageandcross-computerdebuggingsupport.Youcandebugbothmanagedandunmanagedobjects,aswellasalllanguagessupportedbythecommonlanguageruntimeandscriptlanguages.

Inaddition,theASP.NETpageframeworkprovidesatracemodethatenablesyoutoinsertinstrumentationmessagesintoyourASP.NETWebpages.

ASP.NETsupportsXMLWebservices.AnXMLWebserviceisacomponentcontainingbusinessfunctionalitythatenablesapplicationstoexchangeinformationacrossfirewallsusingstandardslikeHTTPandXMLmessaging.XMLWebservicesarenottiedtoaparticularcomponenttechnologyorobject-callingconvention.Asaresult,programswritteninanylanguage,usinganycomponentmodel,andrunningonanyoperatingsystemcanaccessXMLWebservices.

ASP.NETincludesanextensiblehostingenvironmentthatcontrolsthelifecycleofanapplicationfromwhenauserfirstaccessesaresource（suchasapage）intheapplicationtothepointatwhichtheapplicationisshutdown.WhileASP.NETreliesonaWebserver（IIS）asanapplicationhost,ASP.NETprovidesmuchofthehostingfunctionalityitself.ThearchitectureofASP.NETenablesyoutorespondtoapplicationeventsandcreatecustomHTTPhandlersandHTTPmodules.

ASP.NETincludesenhancedsupportforcreatingdesignersforWebservercontrolsforusewithavisualdesigntoolsuchasVisualStudio.Designersenableyoutobuildadesign-timeuserinterfaceforacontrol,sothatdeveloperscanconfigureyourcontrol'spropertiesandcontentinthevisualdesigntool.

IntroductiontotheC#Languageandthe.NETFramework C#isanelegantandtype-safeobject-orientedlanguagethatenablesdeveloperstobuildawiderangeofsecureandrobustapplicationsthatrunonthe.NETFramework.YoucanuseC#tocreatetraditionalWindowsclientapplications,XMLWebservices,distributedcomponents,client-serverapplications,databaseapplications,andmuch,muchmore.MicrosoftVisualC#2005providesanadvancedcodeeditor,convenientuserinterfacedesigners,integrateddebugger,andmanyothertoolstofacilitaterapidapplicationdevelopmentbasedonversion2.0oftheC#languageandthe.NETFramework.

Note

TheVisualC#documentationassumesthatyouhaveanunderstandingofbasicprogrammingconcepts.Ifyouareacompletebeginner,youmightwanttoexploreVisualC#ExpressEdition,whichisavailableontheWeb.YoucanalsotakeadvantageofanyofseveralexcellentbooksandWebresourcesonC#tolearnpracticalprogrammingskills.

C#syntaxishighlyexpressive,yetwithlessthan90keywords,itisalsosimpleandeasytolearn.Thecurly-bracesyntaxofC#willbeinstantlyrecognizabletoanyonefamiliarwithC,C++orJava.DeveloperswhoknowanyoftheselanguagesaretypicallyabletobeginworkingproductivelyinC#withinaveryshorttime.C#syntaxsimplifiesmanyofthecomplexitiesofC++whileprovidingpowerfulfeaturessuchasnullablevaluetypes,enumerations,delegates,anonymousmethodsanddirectmemoryaccess,whicharenotfoundinJava.C#alsosupportsgenericmethodsandtypes,whichprovideincreasedtypesafetyandperformance,anditerators,whichenableimplementersofcollectionclassestodefinecustomiterationbehaviorsthataresimpletousebyclientcode.

Asanobject-orientedlanguage,C#supportstheconcept