山东省滕州市鲍沟中学高中高中英语阅读理解知识点和相关练习试题doc.docx

山东省滕州市鲍沟中学高中高中英语阅读理解知识点和相关练习试题doc.docx

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山东省滕州市鲍沟中学高中高中英语阅读理解知识点和相关练习试题doc

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Genetechnologytobenefitpeople

   Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopicdiscussedbypeople.

   Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnologyisapplied,notonlythesetwodiseasescanbecuredcompletely,bringinghappinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,thereforeitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespan（寿命）canbeprolonged.

   Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheEnglishimperial（皇室）familybeingagoodexample,havehereditary（遗传的）diseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectitandahealthychildwillbeborn.

   Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtomanufacturehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloningasheep;thereforethesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbecloned.ButIbelieveclonedbabieswillnotcomeoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinverynormalway.Ofcourse,thegovernmentsmusttakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.

（1）Whatdoes"thesetwokillers"inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A. Genetechnologyandanothertreatmentofthetwodiseases.

B. Thetwomurdererswhokilledtheclonedbaby.

C. Thetwodiseasesofcancerandheartdisease.

D. Hereditarydiseasesandcancer.

（2）What'sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

A. Howgenetechnologycanbeappliedinthefieldoftreatinghereditarydiseases.

B. Genetechnologycanbeusedtoclonehumanbabies.

C. Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthofababy.

D. GenetechnologycanhelptheEnglishimperialfamilyout.

（3）Inwhatwaygenetechnologycanhelptotreathereditarydiseases?

A. Usinggenetechnology,peoplewithhereditarydiseasescanhavemorelivingdays.

B. Usinggenetechnology,scientistfindsthewronggeneandcorrectsit.

C. Usinggenetechnology,humanbabiescanbecloned.

D. Doctorscancurecancerandheartdiseasewiththehelpofgenetechnology.

（4）Whatisthemainpurposeofwritingthispassage?

A. Expressingthewriter'sideathatgenetechnologywillbenefitpeople

B. Tellingpeopletheadvantagesofgenetechnology

C. Tellingthereadersthatgenetechnologywillnotbenefitpeople

D. Explainingthatgenetechnologywillalsodoharmtothehumanity

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了基因技术，详细讲述了基因技术的好处。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.”基因技术所能做的最伟大的事情就是治愈严重的疾病，而这些疾病是目前医生们几乎无能为力的，比如癌症和心脏病，及划线词所在句“Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.”每年都有数百万人被这两名杀手杀害，可知，每年造成数百万人死亡的元凶就是癌症和心脏病。

由此可知，thesetwokillers指的是上文做的cancerandheartdisease.故选C。

（2）考查主旨大意。

根据第三段中的“Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectitandahealthychildwillbeborn.”在过去，医生对遗传病无能为力。

但是基因技术可以完美地解决这个问题。

科学家只需要找到错误的基因并加以纠正，一个健康的孩子就会诞生。

可知，第三段主要介绍了基因技术可以被应用于治愈家族病。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn”科学家只需要找到错误的基因和纠正它,和一个健康的孩子将出生，可知，利用基因技术，科学家发现错误的基因并加以纠正，这样就可以治愈家族病了。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据标题“Genetechnologytobenefitpeople”基因技术造福人类；及最后一段中的“ButIbelieveclonedbabieswillnotcomeoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinverynormalway.Ofcourse,thegovernmentsmusttakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.”但我相信克隆婴儿不会大量出现，因为世界上大多数夫妇可以用非常正常的方式生育。

当然，政府必须小心控制基因技术，可知，文章主要表达作者了认为基因技术将造福人类的观点。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,atleastinthesummer,scientistsreportedMonday."ItsuggeststhatitwouldbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayonMars,"NASA'ssciencemissionchief,JohnGrunsfeld,saidatanewsconferenceonSeptember28,2015.

   Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelong,scientistssaid."Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil,thinlayersofwetsoil,notstandingwater,"saidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson,theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.

   Becauseliquidwaterisessentialtolife,thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianlife.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.

   ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxygenandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalistosendhumansthereinthe2030s.

   Theevidenceofflowingwaterconsistslargelyofdark,narrowstreaks（条痕）onthesurfacethattendtoappearandgrowduringthewarmestMartianmonthsandfadetherestoftheyear.

   Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.

   Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.Scientistsnoteditcouldbemeltingice.Itcouldbeanundergroundaquifer,whichisrockorsandthatcanholdwater.ItispossiblywatervaporfromthethinMartianatmosphere.OritmaybeacombinationMichaelMeyer,leadscientistforNASA'sMarsexplorationprogram,saidtheonlydefinitivewayfornowtodeterminewhetherthere'slifeonMarsistocollectrocksandsoilforanalysisonEarth—somethingaU.S.landersetforlift-offin2020willdo.

（1）AccordingtoJohnGrunsfeld,thereseemstobe             onMars.

A. saltywater                  B. standingwater                  C. rocketfuel                  D. humanbeings

（2）Scientistsareuncertainaboutthe              ofthewateronMars.

A.state

B.source

C.temperature

D.taste

（3）WhatmatterstotheexistenceofliquidwateronMars?

A.Thedistancefromthesun

B.Thefavorableclimate

C.Thegravityoftheearth

D.Thesaltinit

（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.StreamsofWaterSpottedonMars

B.AstronautswillLandonMars

C.NASA'sMarsExplorationProgram

D.ABreakthroughintheExplorationofMars

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了火星上有水的迹象，进而推断火星上可能有生命，但是水的来源仍旧是一个迷。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,”火星上好像有含盐的小溪在流动。

可知，火星上好像有盐水。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第七段中的“Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.”水的来源是个迷，可知，科学家还不确定水的来源。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第六段“Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.”即使在夏天火星也极其寒冷，在温度达到零下10华氏度的地方水纹还存在。

但是盐可以降低水的结冰点并融化冰。

可知，水里的盐决定了火星上液体水的存在。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,”火星上好像有含盐的小溪在流动。

可知，“在火星看到了溪水”适合做本文最佳标题。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Needafallfix?

Tryonefromthesegreatplaces.

   ⒈MackinacIsland,Michigan

   Theonlywaytoreachthisfamedcar-freeislandisbyboatandferry,andoncevisitorsarrive,theyareattractedbythehistory,sceneryandfallcolors."It'sathrowbacktoyearspast,alittletown,andthere'sabigstateparkaswell,"Blackwellsays."You'reallowedtohaveboatsallaroundtheisland."

   ⒉TellicoLake,Tennessee

   Withnearly400milesofshoreline,thiswaterwayflowingoutoftheGreatSmokyMountainsislargelyunexploited,well-protectedinitsnaturalstate.Fallvisitorsfindarangeofcolorsreflectinginthecleanwaters,saysBlackwell,whovacationedintheareawithhisfamilyasachild."Thethickforesttherejustallowsyoutoseemoregreeneryandwildlife."

   ⒊DillonReservoir,Colorado

   WithanhourfromDenver,thislakeishometowhatclaimstobethenation'shighestsailingclub,atanaltitudeofmorethan9,000feet.MarinasinthetownsofDillonandFriscomakeiteasytogetoutonthewaterandtoseethebrightyellowsandgoldsoffallleaves."Peoplearesurprisedthatthere'sboatinginColorado,andyoucanseethemountainsjustbeforethesnowball,"Blackwellsays.

   ⒋LakeMonroe,Indiana

   Thestate'slargestlakeissurroundedbymorethan13,000acresofprotectedforestandthreerecreationareas,makingitanidealplacetoseefallcolors,particularlyfromoaksandthetulippoplar,thestatetree."It'sagem（宝石）insouthernIndiana,"saysBlackwell,whogrewupinthearea."Therearelotsofdifferentactivities:

canoeing,kayakingandfishing."

（1）WhatisspecialaboutMackinacIsland?

A. It'slikeamoderncity.                                      

B. Visitorscan'ttakeaboataroundit.

C. Visitorscanseevariouswildlifethere.            

D. Visitorscan'tgother