A Contrastive Study of Euphemism between English and Chinese from the Perspective of the Politeness.docx

A Contrastive Study of Euphemism between English and Chinese from the Perspective of the Politeness.docx

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AContrastiveStudyofEuphemismbetweenEnglishandChinesefromthePerspectiveofthePoliteness

2015届毕业生

毕业论文

题目:

AContrastiveStudyofEuphemismbetweenEnglishandChinesefromthePerspectiveofthePolitenessPrinciples

院系名称：

外语学院专业班级：

英语F1003班

学生姓名：

学号：

************

指导教师：

教师职称：

副教授

2015年05月24日

AContrastiveStudyofEuphemismbetweenEnglishandChinesefromthePerspectiveofthePolitenessPrinciples

SchoolofForeignLanguages

of

HenanUniversityofTechnology

Supervisor:

ChengXiongyong

May24,2015

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketogivemythankstomysupervisor,Dr.ChengXiongyong.Hisindustriousattitudetowardsacademicresearchanddistinctiveinsightonmytopichasadeepinfluenceonmythesisandstudy,andhisinstructiongivesmeendlessinspirationandmotivationonmywork.Thewholeprocessofselectingthetopicofthethesis,collectingdata,correctingthelayoutofthesis,guidedbymysupervisor,Dr.ChengXiongyonghasmademeaccomplishthisthesis.IwouldliketoexpressmydeepestgratitudetomysupervisorDr.ChengXiongyong.Ifinishedmythesissuccessfullyundertheteacher'sscrupulousguidanceandstrongsupport.IcannotsubmitsuchaperfectpaperwithoutthehelpofmysupervisorDr.ChengXiongyong,equippedwithspecializedknowledge,rigorousresearchattitude,professionaldedicationandbroadvision,whotrieshisbesttohelpmecompletemytask.

Moreover,Iwouldappreciatetheseabundantresourcesprovidedbymyfaculty.IobtainedagreatamountofinformationfromlibrarywhenIdidnotknowhowtoaccomplishthistremendoustask.Finally,Iexpressmythankstomyparents,classmatesandmyfriendswhogavemecontinuoussupportandimpetus.

Abstract

Withtheincreasingdevelopmentofsocietyandtheprocessofobtainingthetheoreticalknowledgeofeuphemism,wemustlearnhowtouseeuphemisminanappropriatewayinordertoshowourrespectforothers,reflectthepersonalcultivationoflanguage,avoidcommunicationbarriers,andfinallypromotemutualexchanges.

ThefirstpartofthisthesisbrieflyintroducestherelatedknowledgeofEnglishandChineseeuphemismandtheresearchstatusofeuphemismfromtheperspectiveofthepolitenessprinciples.Thesecondpartofthisthesistellsustheinformationofeuphemismfromtheconcept,emergence,development,structureandclassification,aswellastherelationshipbetweeneuphemismandthepolitenessprinciplesinpragmaticdomains.Inthethirdpart,thisthesisusestheconceptualresearch,themethodsofcomparisonresearchandexampleanalysis.Thefourthpartmainlydiscusseshoweuphemismreflectsandcomplieswiththesixmaximsofthepolitenessprinciples.However,euphemism,eitherinWesterncountriesputtingstressontheindividualityorinorientalcountrieslikeChinadeeplyinfluencedbyhierarchicalsystem,influencespeople'scommunication.Thisthesisfromtheculturalandpragmaticperspectivesandthepolitenessprinciplesasthetheoreticalbasis,discussestheuseofEnglishandChineseeuphemisminpolitical,commercial,socialstatusandpeople'sdailylife.

Throughtheaboveanalysis,wecanseethattheappropriateuseofeuphemismincompliancewiththepolitenessprinciplescanminimizethedamagetootherstothelowestlevelandachievethepurposeofsuccessfulcommunication.

Keywords:

application;euphemism;linguistics;principle

内容摘要

在日益发展社会里,为了提高跨文化交际和日常交流能力,我们在了解委婉语理论知识的同时,也必须要在交际中恰到好处地运用委婉语,做到既尊重他人又体现个人的语言修养,避免造成交际障碍,促进相互交流。

本文第一部分简要介绍了中英委婉语的相关知识以及在礼貌原则视角中委婉语的研究现状。

本文的第二部分告诉我们委婉语的概念，产生，发展，结构和分类信息，以及委婉语与语用学领域的礼貌原则相互关系。

本文的第三部分是采用概念研究,以及比较研究方法，举例分析法完成的。

第四部分主要论述委婉语是如何体现及遵守礼貌原则的六大准则的。

然而，无论是在强调个性的西方国家或在神受等级制度影响的东方国家如中国都影响着人们的沟通，委婉语都在左右着人们谈话、交流的思维。

本文从文化和语用学的角度,以礼貌原则为理论基础,论述了在礼貌原则下中英委婉语在政治、商业、社会地位及人们日常社交方面中的广泛运用。

通过以上分析可以看出,遵循礼貌原则恰当的使用委婉语能够把对方的伤害降到最低限度,进而达到成功的交际目的。

关键词：

委婉语；原则；研究；应用

Contents

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………...i

Abstract（English）……………………………………………………………………………..ii

Abstract（Chinese）………………………………………………………………………….iii

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………1

2.Literaturereview…………………………………………………………………………….1

2.1.Thedefinitionandfunctionofeuphemism………………………………………….1

2.2.Thetypesandformationofeuphemism……………………………………………3

2.3.Thepolitenessprinciples………………………………………………………….4

2.4.Previousstudiesoneuphemismandthepolitenessprinciples……………………5

3Methodology………………………………………………………………………………….5

4Findingsanddiscussion……………………………………………………………………….6

4.1.Euphemismandtactmaxim…………………………………………………………….6

4.2.Euphemismandgenerositymaxim…………………………………………………….7

4.3.Euphemismandapprobationmaxim…………………………………………………8

4.4.Euphemismandmodestymaxim………………………………………………………8

4.5.Euphemismandagreementmaxim……………………………………………………9

4.6.Euphemismandsympathymaxim……………………………………………………9

5.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….10

5.1.Majorfindings………………………………………………………….……………10

5.2.Limatationsandsuggestions………………………………………………………….10

Workscited………………………………………………………………………………….…11

1Introduction

Euphemisminthecontextisacommonlinguisticphenomenonindifferentlanguages.EuphemismsinEnglishandChineseareplentiful,andtheyhavenotonlysimilaritiesbutalsodifferencesinculturalconnotationsandexpressions.ThestudyofEnglishandChineseeuphemismscanhelppeopletounderstandthedeepmeaninginEnglishandChineselanguagesandgetridoftheobstaclescommunicationscorrectly.Euphemismisakindoflanguagephenomenonamongdifferentcultureandhasbeenstudiedbymanyscholarsathomeandabroadfromdifferentangles.Thuswehaveabetterunderstandingofitanditcanhelpustointerpretanduseeuphemismappropriatelyincommunication.Besides,thispaperstatesthedefinitionofeuphemism,thewritingmotivationandpurpose.ThecontrastbetweenEnglishandChineseeuphemismresearchfromtheperspectiveofthepolitenessprinciples,discussestherelationshipbetweeneuphemismandthepolitenessprinciples.Atthesametime,wecanconductataskabouttheanalysisofseveralmaintypesofEnglishandChineseeuphemismfromdailylife,suchassocialpolitics,economy,militaryfields,professionsandeducation.Furthermore,byexploringthebasiccommunicativefunctionsofeuphemism,wecanobtainnewknowledgeabouteuphemismdependingonthesocialenvironment,suchastherestrictionandapplicationofeuphemismcommunicationprincipleofeuphemismincross-culturalcommunicationandthecontrastresearchofnon-verbalcommunicationinEnglishandChineseeuphemism.

ByanalyzingthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofeuphemismbetweenEnglishandChinese,wecansolvequestionsasfollowed:

Whyitissoimportantinhumancommunication?

Howitinfluencespeople’slifefromtheperspectiveofpolitenessprinciple?

Howitisappliedtoourlifeandmakesthecommunicationsmoothlycontinue?

2Literaturereview

2.1Thedefinitionandfunctionofeuphemism

Euphemismisanappropriatelanguagestyleandindispensablelubricantthatpeopleseekforindailycommunicationforthesakeofreachinganidealcommunicationeffect.Euphemismcanavoidandsoftensensitiveorawkwardtopicsortaboos.Ineachcountry,euphemismsarewidelyused.Thus,thegenerationandusageofeuphemismisageneralphenomenoninhumanlanguage.Asaspeciallanguagephenomenon,euphemismnotonlyincludeseuphemisticexpressionsacceptedbycommunitymembers,butalsocoverstheeuphemisticcommunicationstylethatpeopleadoptinspecificenvironment.Theuseofeuphemismvarieswiththegender,age,socialstatusandoccupation,aswellassocialconventions,traditionalmorality,religion,socialvalues,etc.Thus,itshowseuphemismisrootedinsocialculturedeeply.

Euphemisminthecontextisacommonlinguisticphenomenonindifferentlanguages.Byusingeuphemisms,peoplecanexpresstheirideasindirectlyandpolitely,withoutmakingthelistenersfeelunpleasantandawkward.Asamirrorofculture,theproductionanddevelopmentofeuphemismsarecloselyboundupwithculture.EuphemismsinEnglishandChinesearealsoplentiful,andtheyhavenotonlysimilaritiesbutalsodifferencesinculturalconnotationsandexpressions.ThestudyofEnglishandChineseeuphemismscanhelppeopletounderstandthedeepmeaninginEnglishandChineselanguagesandgetridoftheobstaclescommunicationscorrectly.

EuphemismstemsfromGreeklanguage“Euphemos,”orrootsfromGreekwords‘eu’and‘pheme’,whichreferstoauspiciousandpleasantspeech.Theprefixofeuphemismstandsforgoodomenandthemeaningofthestemofthiswordphemismisspeech.Thatis,Euphemismisagoodorfavorableinterpretationofaharshword.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatspeechesexpressedinanindirectandcircuitouswaybelongtoeuphemism.

Euphemismisanexaltedtermusedinreplacingadown-to-earthterm,or“anattempttogiveprettiertermtoanuglierreality,isoneofthemostfundamentalandimportantitemsofrhetoricinEnglishandisdefinedintheneweditionoftheoxfordconcisedictionaryassubstitutionofmildorvagueorroundaboutexpressionforharshordirectone,substitutionofaninoffensiveoragreeableexpressionforonethatmaysuggestsomethingunpleasantoffensiveharshandblunttothereceiver,ortomakeitlesstroublesomeforthespeaker.Theyareoftenusedforthesakeofcourtesyorconsiderationofotherpeople’sfeelings.Inordertoavoidsomeobverseconflictsanddispensablemisunderstandings,weoftenusesomemildandindirectwordsinsteadoftherudeandforbiddenones.Thisisafeatureofspeechthatcanachieveanimpliedandtactfulaim.EuphemismisacommonskillthatweuseinEnglish.Especiallywhenourfriendsandrelativessufferfromdisaster,deathillnessorsomeothersorro