从《变形记》透视家庭环境对塑造儿童健康心理的影响.docx
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从《变形记》透视家庭环境对塑造儿童健康心理的影响
TheFamilyInfluenceonMoldingChildren’sHealthyPsychologyThroughTheMetamorphosis
从《变形记》透视家庭环境对塑造儿童健康心理的影响
Abstract
TheMetamorphosisisoneoftheclassicalworkswrittenbytheoutstandingwriterFranzKafka.Inthisnovel,thewritermakesadescriptionofthefantasticandridiculousstoryabouttheprotagonist,GregorSamsa,whotransformedfromahumanintoagiganticinsectanddiedindespair.
Thethesis,centeringonthewriterFranzKafkaandhisnovelTheMetamorphosis,firstly,makesadetailedanalysisandcomparisonbetweenKafkaandhisprotagonist,GregorSamsa,includingtheirmentalpsychologyandcharacter;secondly,thethesismakesanemphasisonthefamilyinfluenceonmoldingtheircharacter;atlast,thethesis,basedonthedefinitionofchildren’shealthypsychology,makesanillustrationaboutthefamilyinfluenceonmoldingchildren’shealthypsychology.Moreover,thethesismakessomesuggestionsaboutpreventingchildren’smentalpsychologyandpromotingchildren’shealthypsychology.
KeyWords:
Family;Children’sHealthyPsychology;Molding;Character
摘 要
《变形记》是著名作家弗兰茨?
卡夫卡的经典著作之一。
在作品中，作者讲述了主人公格里高尔?
萨姆沙由人变成巨型昆虫之后在绝望中死去的荒诞故事。
论文从分析卡夫卡的生存背景及其作品《变形记》出发，首先详细地分析和比较了卡夫卡及其作品主人公格里高尔?
萨姆沙的病态心理和性格特征；其次，着重分析了他们各自的家庭环境对塑造他们性格特征的影响；最后，在理解儿童健康心理定义的基础上，阐明了家庭环境对塑造儿童健康心理的巨大作用。
论文在预防儿童疾病心理和促进儿童心理健康方面具有重要意义。
关键词:
家庭；儿童健康心理；塑造；性格
Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………5
I.Backgrounds…………………………………………………………………………………………...…5
A.TheBriefIntroductiontoKafka…………………………………………………………………………5
B.TheBriefIntroductiontoTheMetamorphosis…………………………………………………..………6
C.TheComparisonBetweenKafka’sandHisProtagonist’sCharacter……………………………………7
II.TheFamilyInfluenceonMoldingKafka’sandHisProtagonist’sCharacter………………………...…8
A.TheDefinitionofFamilyInfluence…………………………………………………………….………8
B.TheFamilyInfluenceonMoldingKafka’sandHisProtagonist’sCharacter…………...………………9
III.TheFamilyInfluenceonMoldingChildren’sHealthyPsychology…………………………..………14
A.TheDefinitionofChildren’sHealthyPsychology……………………………………………..………14
B.TheMethodsonMoldingChildren’sHealthyPsychology…………………………….………………15
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………...…18
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………..………20
Introduction
FranzKafkawasoneofthemostfamouswritersintheworld.TheMetamorphosiswasoneofhisfamousworks.TheprotagonistinthenovelwasGregorSamsa.Thethesis,centeringonKafkaandTheMetamorphosis,makesacarefulanalysisofKafka’sandhisprotagonist’scharacter,familyinfluenceonmoldingtheircharacterandfamilyinfluenceonmoldingchildren’shealthypsychology.
Thethesiscanbedividedintothreeparts.ThefirstpartintroducesKafka,TheMetamorphosis,Kafka’sandhisprotagonist’scharacter.Thesecondpart,makesananalysisofthefamilyinfluenceonmoldingKafka’sandhisprotagonist’scharacter.Thethirdpartmakesastudyofthedefinitionofchildren’shealthypsychologyandthefamilyinfluenceonmoldingchildren’shealthypsychology.
I.Backgrounds
Kafka’snovelTheMetamorphosisamazedtheworld’sliterarycircle.Itsprotagonist’snamewasGregorSamsa.TheprotagonisthadmanyepitomesfromKafkahimself.Theyhadsimilarcharacterwitheachother.AccordingtothestudiesofthebackgroundsofKafkaandthenovel,itcouldhelptoknowthecharacterofKafkaandhisprotagonistbetter.
A.TheBriefIntroductiontoKafka
OnJuly3,1883,FranzKafkawasborninaJewishfamilyofPrague.Bohemiawastheplaceofthefamily’sexistence.TheirapartmentwaslocatedinPrague,whichwasoneofthemostturbulentareasinEurope.Kafka’sfamilylivedinanapartmentinJewishslum.Itwasfacedtothelow-classpubsandprostitutes’houses.BeforeKafkawas6yearsold,hisfamilylivedthere.Whenhewasonly6yearsold,hisfamilyhadmoved5times.Buttheydidn’tmoveoutoftheoldcityproper.Comparingtothecity’sparkareawheretherichandeducationallived,thecircumstanceofoldcityregionwasworse.
Whenhewas10yearsold,hepassedalltheexamswithsuperiormarksandformallyenteredintotheGermanliberalartsmiddleschool,whichwaslocatedintheoldcityproperofPrague.Fromthenon,hesaidgoodbyetothegloomyandcoldGermanprimaryschool,whichwasnearthemeatmarket.Intheprimaryschool,hehadpassed4years’gloomytime.Duringthe4years,hisfamilyhad3youngersisters,soheendedhislifeastheonlysoninhisfamily.Hismiddleschoolwaspubliclyknownforthestrictestandbesteducation.Tosomeextent,theyearof1983wasaturningpointinKafka’slife.
Kafkastartedhisuniversity’slifeinNovember,1901.ItwasFerdinand-CarlUniversityinPrague.Hedidn’thavemanyfriendsinthisuniversity.Hechosechemistryatfirst,buthechangedintolawaftertwoweeks.Itdidn’tmeanthathelikedstudyinglaw.Hismathwaspoor,whichmadehimfeelsad.Whenhewasateenager,hewroteworks.Buthedestroyedthem.Afterhegraduatedfromtheuniversityandwenttowork,hewrotemanyworksduringthattime.Hewasanofficemaninaninsurancecompany.Asmanyotherwritersdid,hethoughtwritingandworkingshouldbedivided,andwritingcouldnotbeaformalcareer.WritingwasKafka’swayofexistence.HismainworkswereCastle,TheMetamorphosis,TheTrial,etc.Hehadafewgirlfriendsduringhislife.Butattheendofhislife,hewasstillsingle.Onereasonwasduetohisfather’sopposition.AnotherimportantreasonwasthatKafkafearedmarriageandresponsibilities.Hethoughtmarriagewouldblockhiswriting.KafkapassedawayinKierlingsanatoriumon3,June,1924.HewasburiedatNewJewishBurialGroundofStraschnitzCemetery.Hediedattheageof41.Tuberculosiswasthecauseofhisdeath.
B.TheBriefIntroductiontoTheMetamorphosis
TheMetamorphosiswasoneofFranzKafka’sfamousworks.“Ithasaveryimportantstatusinthecircleofliteratureandliteraturecriticism.Butmostofcriticsemphasizedontheaspectofthenovel’snegation.TheythoughtKafkawasalwayspessimistic,despairedandincredible.”（LiuXiaoye,P232,2006）InTheMetamorphosis,thefirstsentence,“AsGregorSamsaawokeonemorningfromuneasydreamshefoundhimselftransformedinhisbedintoagiganticinsect”（FranzKafka,P1,1995）,amazedthewholeworld’sliterarycircle.PeoplewhoreadthisnovelaresurprisedbyKafka’sspecialwritingstyle.
Kafkadidn’tnarratethestorybytraditionalpattern.Infact,atthebeginningofthenovel,theprotagonistwasdeadandKafkajustnarratedhowhewasdead.Itwasaridiculousstory.Theprotagonist,namedGregorSamsa,wasatravelingsalesman.Astheeldestsoninhisfamily,theheavylivingburdenwasonhisshoulder.Hewastiredforthisworkandhecouldn’tsleepwelleveryday.Hefoundhimselftransformedinhisbedintoagiganticinsectinthemorning.Hisfamilymembersfearedhimandhatedhimafterhismetamorphosis.Forhisfamily,hewasjustthemachineofmakingmoney.Oncehelostthevalueformakingmoneyandnomatterhowhardheworkedtomakemoneyforhisfamilytopaythedebts,hisfatherandhisyoungersisterdidn’tregardhimasthememberofthefamily.HisfatheralwaysclenchedhisfistwithafierceexpressionwhenGregorwantedtoapproachhim.Underhisfather’shitting,Gregorlosthisself-confidenceandself-respect.SometimesGregor’smotherwantedtoprotecthersonandshowedherlovetohim.WhenGregorwantedtoendhislife,hismotherforgothimandfellasleep.Hismother’sactionsmadeGregorfeeldespaired.SometimesGregor’ssisterwouldgiveherbrothersomefoodafterGregor’smetamorphosis.ButwhenshethoughtthatGregorfrightenedher,shestartedshouting.HershoutingmadeGregorwanttodieimmediately.Gregor’sfatherthrewtheapplestohurthimthatdirectlyresultedintohisson’sdeath.Gregorwasdeadwithawoundedbodyandapainfulheart.Afterhisdeath,hisfamilyjustfeltrelaxedandbegananewlifeverysoon.
C.TheComparisonBetweenKafka’sandHisProtagonist’sCharacter
Kafkawasaweak,fearful,unstableandtimidman.Hewasbornwithweak,timidandsensitivecharacterunderanunstableJewishbackground.KafkawroteworksinGermanbutitwasuncertainabouthisnationality.SomeonesaidKafkawasCzechandsomeonesaidhewasAustrian.Thetwoopinionswerebothright.Historically,CzechhadbeenruledbyRomanandHungary.From1526,CzechbecameonepartofAustriatillCzechwasliberatedin1918.Austrian-HungaryEmpireruledCzechinmostofKafka’slife.AstheJewishpeoplewhospokeGerman,Kafka’sfamilywasn’twelcomedbyCzech.Kafkasaidthemembersofhismother’sfamilywereoversensitive,righteousandoftenfeltillateasewiththeothers.Hesaidhismotherandherfamilybequeathedhischaracter.ThecharacterwasobviouslyrelatedwithKafka’smuchshyandtimidcharacter.AndhisclosefriendsaidKafkajustusedhisenergyinhisheartandhewasstubborn.Thismayhidehisfatalweaknessinallhislife.Hewaspainfulbutkeptsilent.
Theprotagonist,namedGregorSamsainTheMetamorphosis,hadKafka’sepitomes.ThenovelshowedthatafterGregortransformedintoagiganticinsect,hecouldn’tspeakhumanwords.Hewantedtosaysomethingtohisfamily,butnobodyunderstoodwhathesaid,whichmadetheprotagonistfeltsolonely.Hejustlistenedtohisfamily’stalkingbehindthedooralltheday.Hestillwantedtotakecareofhisfamilyafterhismetamorphosis.Heneverhadcouragetofightagainsthisfatherandhisboss.Hisfatherthrewapplestohurthim.HeneverrevoltedjustasKafkaneverrevoltedhisfather’sshoutingandcontrolling.Gregorbecamemuchmoretimid,fearfulandsensitivewhenhissister
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