A Brief Study on Black Humor in Catch22浅析《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默.docx

A Brief Study on Black Humor in Catch22浅析《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默.docx

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ABriefStudyonBlackHumorinCatch22浅析《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默

《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默

ContentsEnglishOutline..........………………………………………………………I

ChineseOutline……………………………………………………...…….II

EnglishAbstract…………………………………………………………..III

ChineseAbstract……………………………………………………….…IVChapterIIntroduction……………………………………………………...1

ChapterIIGeneralExplanationoftheBlackHumor………...……………1ChapterIIIAnBriefIntroductiontoJosephHeller………………………..2ChapterIVBlackHumorinCatch-22……………………………………..6

ChapterVConclusion…………………………………………………….11WorksCited……………………………………………………………....122目录英文提纲...................................................I

中文提纲.................................................III

英文摘要..................................................IV

中文摘要...................................................V第一章引言................................................1第二章黑色幽默简介.......................................1第三章约瑟夫.海勒简介.....................................2第四章黑色幽默在《第二十二条军规》中的体现.................6第五章结论...............................................11参考文献..................................................12OutlineThesisstatement:

ThispapermakesatentativeanalysisofblackhumorinJosephHeller’scatch-22aimingatdeepeningthereader’sunderstandingoftheblackhumorandcatch-22.ChapterIIntroductionChapterIIGeneralExplanationoftheBlackHumorChapterIIIBriefIntroductiontoJosephHeller3.1Heller’sLife3.2Heller’sWritingStyleandWorks3.3Heller’sCatch-223.3.1TheBackgroundofCatch-223.3.2AGistoftheNovelChapterIVBlackHumorincatch-224.1TheDescriptionofMainCharacters4.2TheThemeoftheNovel4.3TheStructureoftheNovel4.4TheCharacteristicsoftheLanguageChapterVIConclusionWorksCited提纲论文主旨：

第一章引言第二章黑色幽默简介第三章约瑟夫简介3.1约瑟夫.海勒的一生3.2约瑟夫.海勒的写作风格及作品3.3海勒的《第二十二条军规》3.3.1《第二十二条军规》的创作背景3.3.2《第二十二条军规》的内容梗概第四章黑色幽默在《第二十二条军规》中的精彩体现4.1人物塑造4.2小说主题4.3结构特点4.4语言特色第五章结论参考文献5AbstractCatch-22isoneofthetypicalrepresentativebooksofblackhumor.JosephHeller,theauthorofthisnoveldescribedmanyabsurdimagesinasymbolicway.Manywords,phrases,anddialoguesinthisnovelaredisorder,repeating,dubiousandparadoxical.Itisthewonderfuldeductionofblackhumor.Theauthorofthispapermainlyanalyzedblackhumorincatch-22throughconcretediscussingtheblackhumorinportrayingthecharacters,deepeningthetheme,arrangingthestructureandselectingthewordsandsentencesinthisfiction.Allinall,catch-22isoneofthemostimportantworksofblackhumorandthispaperistomakethereadershaveabetterunderstandingofthenovelcatch-22.KeyWords:

blackhumor;catch-22;absurd摘要《二十二条军规》是黑色幽默文学的代表作之一。

《二十二条军规》的作者约瑟夫.海勒以象征主义手法创造了许多经典的角色。

这部著作的许多词、短语、对话都是处于无序、重复、模棱两可和自相矛盾中，是黑色幽默的完美演绎。

这篇论文主要通过详细探讨黑色幽默在塑造人物、深化主题、安排结构以及选词造句上的运用来分析黑色幽默在这部小说中的完美展现。

总之，《第二十二条军规》是黑色幽默最重要的著作之一，这篇论文旨在加深读者对它理解。

关键词：

黑色幽默；第二十二条军规；荒诞

ABriefStudyonBlackHumorinCatch-22

ChapterIIntroductionCatch-22isthefirstandmostimportantlongnovelofJosephHeller.Sincecatch-22waspublishedin1961inAmerica,ithasalwaysbeenacrucialpartofmodernliterature.Withthetimepassing,thenovelhasnotbeenoutofdate.Onthecontrary,itattractswideattentionsaroundtheworldbecauseofthenovel’stheme,writingstyleandvalue.InChina,anincreasingnumberofscholarswritebooksandessaystoexpounddifferentaspectsofthenovel.Throughdetailedsearchandanalysis,itwasfoundthatatpresentthereareatleast130academicpapersaboutCatch-22ontheCDMD（ChineseDoctorandMaster’sDatabase）.Amongallthesepapers,48papersfocusonitsthemeandtheauthorand66papersareconcernedwithitswritingskills.SomeothersmainlystudyontheabsurdityaswellasotherthingsrelatedwithCatch-22,forexample,WuShaohui（2006）FreeChoiceinanAbsurdWorld—AnInterpretationoftheExistentialismandWangYimei（2005）TheGradualReturntoSelf—ATentativeAnalysisofSelf-awarenessinthe20thCentury’sWesternModernistLiterature.Besides,severalpapersareaboutcharactersofCatch-22suchasWanShihua（2006）TheBlackFigureSalon—AnalysisoftheFiguresonCatch-22.Undoubtedlynomatterwhatsubjectsthescholarsstudy,theme,writingskillorothers,itisinevitableforthemtotouchontheliteraturegeneofthisnovel—blackhumor.ThispapermakesatentativestudyontherelationshipbetweenblackhumorandCatch-22.Fromtheperspectiveofblackhumor,theauthorofthispaperistryingtomakeadetailedanalysisonitsmaincharacter,theme,structureandlanguageaimstocomprehensivelydisplaythedeductionofblackhumorinCatch-22andletthereadershaveabetterunderstandingofthisnovel.ChapterIIGeneralExplanationoftheBlackHumorBlackhumoriscreditedtotheAnthologyofBlackHumor,a1939Frenchanthologyof45writerseditedbyAndreBreton.IntheUnitedStates,blackhumorasaliterarygenrecametoprominenceinthe1950sand1960s.Later,anEnglish-languageanthologyeditedbyBruceJayFriedman,titledBlackHumor,assemblesworksof12writersofthegenre.ItisoneofthemostrepresentativegenresintheAmericanliteraturein1960s.Forinstance,theworksofsuchwritersasKurtVonnegut,ThomasPynchon,JohnBarth,JosephHeller,andPhilipRothcontainelementsofblackhumor.Itwasusuallyusedinliterature,drama,andfilm,isakindofgrotesqueormorbidhumorretainingaserioustone.Thepurposeofblackhumoristoexpresstheabsurdity,insensitivity,paradox,andcrueltyofthemodernworld.Ordinarycharactersorsituationsareusuallyexaggeratedfarbeyondthelimitsofnormalsatireorirony.Blackhumorusesdevicesoftenassociatedwithtragedyandissometimesequatedwithtragicfarce.Forexample,StanleyKubrick’sfilmDr.StrangeloveorHowILearnedtoStopWorryingandLovetheBomb（1963）isaterrifyingcomictreatmentofthecircumstancessurroundingthedroppingofanatombomb,whileJulesFeiffer’scomedyLittleMurders（1965）isadelineationofthehorrorsofmodernurbanlife,focusingparticularlyonrandomassassinations.Popularthemesofthegenreincludemurder,suicide,war,barbarism,drugabuse,terminalillness,domesticviolence,insanity,nightmare,disease,racism,disability（bothphysicalandmental）,chauvinism,corruption,andcrime.Besides,somecomediansuseitasatoolforexploringvulgarissues,thusprovokingdiscomfortandseriousthoughtaswellasamusementintheiraudience.TheauthorofthispaperthinksthatblackhumorasoneoftheAmericanliteraturegenresmusthaveitsorigin.Lookingbackintothehistory,itisnotdifficulttofindthattherearetwoaspectsofreasonsfortheappearanceofblackhumor.Firstofall,thewartraumaandsocialdisturbancemakepeoplehaveaforebodingoftheendoftheworld.In1960s,theWWIIhasjustfinished,buttheeffectsofthewarlastedformanyyears.AllfactsinAmericandisclosedtheliesofso-calledjusticeandpatriotismresultinginshakingpeople’sbeliefinGod,humanitarianismandreason.Inaddition,thelopsideddevelopmentoftechnologycausedthelossofpersonality.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplewerestressedoutmateriallyandspiritually.Underthatcircumstance,blackhumorcameoutasanecessarymethodtoexpresspeople’sinnerfeelings.ChapterIIIBriefIntroductiontoJosephHeller3.1Heller’sLifeJosephHeller（1923-1999）wasborninConeyIslandinBrooklyn,NewYorkonMay1,1923.HeisthesonofpoorJewishparentsfromRussia.Hediedofaheartattackattheageof76yearsoldathishomeinEastHampton,onLongIsland,inDecember1999.Evenasachild,helovedtowrite;asateenager,hewroteastoryabouttheRussianinvasionofFinlandandsentittoNewYorkDailyNews,whichrejectedit.Hisworkswerefirstpublishedin1948,whentheAtlanticranoneofhisshortstories.Thatfirststorynearlywonthe―AtlanticFirst."In1953,hebegantowritehisCatch-22anditwaspublishedin1961.ShortlyafterCatch-22waspublished,Hellerthoughtofanideaforhisnextnovel,whichwouldbecomeSomethingHappened.Afterthat,hebecameaprofessionalwriterandkeptonwritinguntilthecompletionofhislastnovel,PortraitofanArtist,asanOldMan.Realityisthesettingofliterature.Heller’slifeexperienceaffectedhiswritingcareer.HewasbornintoaJewishfamily.BecauseofracialpersecutioninRussia,hisfamilyimmigratedtoAmericain1913.Whenhewasyoung,hisfamilywasverypoor.In1942,attheageof19,hejoinedtheU.S.ArmyAirCorps.Twoyearslater,hewassenttoItalianFrontasabombardier.Yossarian,themaincharacterinCatch-22issimilartohiminmanyaspects.Afterthewar,HellerstudiedEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandNewYorkUniversity.Duringthatperiod,hebegantowriteshortstories.Hewasoncesufferedfromgullian-barresyndrome.HisillnessandrecoveryarerecountedatgreatlengthintheautobiographicalNoLaughingMatter（Heller1986）.In1998,hereleasedamemoir,NowandThen:

FromConeyIslandtoHere,inwhichherelivedhischildhoodasthesonofadeliverymanandofferedsomedetailsabouttheinspirationsforCatch-22.3.2Heller’sWorksandWritingStyleJosephHellerbeganhiswritingcareerastheauthorofshortstoriesbutwonimmediateacclaimwithCatch-22（1961;film,1970）.Aprotestnovelunderscoredwithblackhumor,Catch-22satirizesthehorrorsofwarandthepowerofmodernsociety,especiallybureaucraticinstitutions,todestroythehumanspirit.Heller’ssecondnovel,SomethingHappened（1974）,anexposeofthecapacityofthebusinessworldtocrushtheindividual,isapessimisticstatementabouttheeffectsofprosperityonthehumancondition.WeBombedinNewHaven,aplayproducedonBroadwayin1967,isatragicomedysimilarintheme