英语四级考试模拟试题及答案8.docx
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英语四级考试模拟试题及答案8
2021年12月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案(8)
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
OnlineEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1.目前网络教育形成热潮
2.我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……
3.我对网络教育的评价
OnlineEducation
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
TheWorldinaGlass:
SixDrinksThatChangedHistory
TomStandageurgesdrinkerstosavorthehistoryoftheirfavoritebeveragesalongwiththetaste.
TheauthorofAHistoryoftheWorldin6Glasses(Walker&Company,June2005),StandagelaudsthelibationsthathavehelpedshapeourworldfromtheStoneAgetothepresentday.
"Theimportantdrinksarestilldrinksthatweenjoytoday,"saidStandage,atechnologyeditorattheLondon-basedmagazinetheEconomist."Theyarerelics(纪念物)ofdifferenthistoricalperiodsstillfoundinourkitchens."
Takethesix-pack,whosecontentsfirstfizzedatthedawnofcivilization.
Beer
TheancientSumerians,whobuiltadvancedcity-statesintheareaofpresent-daylraq,beganfermenting(发酵)beerfrombarleyatleast6,000yearsago.
"Whenpeoplestartedagriculturethefirstcropstheyproducedwerebarleyorwheat.Youconsumethosecropsasbreadandasbeer,"Standagenoted."It’sthedrinkassociatedwiththedawnofcivilization.It’sassimpleasthat."
Beerwaspopularwiththemassesfromthebeginning.
"Beerwouldhavebeensomethingthatacommonpersoncouldhavehadinthehouseandmadewhenevertheywanted,"saidLindaBisson,amicrobiologistattheDepartmentofViticultureandEnologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.
"Theguyswhobuiltthepyramidswerepaidinbeerandbread,"Standageadded."ItwasthedefiningdrinkofEgyptandMesopotamia.Everybodydrankit.Todayit’sthedrinkoftheworkingman,anditwasthenaswell."
Wine
Winemaybeasoldorolderthanbeer—thoughnoonecanbecertain.
Paleolithichumansprobablysampledthefirst"wine"asthejuiceofnaturallyfermentedwildgrapes.Butproducingandstoringwineproveddifficultforearlycultures.
"Tomakewineyouhavetohavefreshgrapes,"saidBisson,theUCDavismicrobiologist."forbeeryoucanjuststoregrainandaddwatertoprocessitatanytime."
Makingwinealsodemandedpotterythatcouldpreservethepreciousliquid.
"Winemaybeeasiertomake[thanbeer],butit’shardertostore,"Bissonadded."Formostancientculturesitwouldhavebeenhardtocatch[fermentinggrapejuice]aswineonitswayto[becoming]vinegar."
Suchcaveatsandtheexpenseofproducingwinehelpedthebeveragequicklygainmorecachet(威望)thanbeer.Winewasoriginallyassociatedwithsocialelitesandreligiousactivities.
Winesnobberymaybenearlyasoldaswineitself.GreeksandRomansproducedmanygradesofwineforvarioussocialclasses.
Thequestforqualitybecameaneconomicengineandlaterdroveculturalexpansion.
"Onceyouhadregions[likeGreeceandRome]thatcoulddistinguishthemselvesasmakinggoodstuff,itgavethemaneconomicboost,"Bissonsaid."Beerjustwasn’tasspecial."
Spirits
Hardliquor,particularlybrandyandrum,placated(安抚)sailorsduringthelongseavoyagesoftheAgeofExploration,whenEuropeanpowerspliedtheseasduringthe15th,16th,andearly17thcenturies.
RumplayedacrucialpartofthetriangulartradebetweenBritain,Africa,andtheNorthAmericancoloniesthatoncedominatedtheAtlanticeconomy.
StandagealsosuggeststhatrummayhavebeenmoreresponsiblethanteafortheindependencemovementinBritain’sAmericancolonies.
"DistillingmolassesforrumwasveryimportanttotheNewEnglandeconomy,"heexplained."WhentheBritishtriedtotaxmolassesitstruckattheheartoftheeconomy.Theideaof’notaxationwithoutrepresentation’originatedwithmolassesandsugar.Onlyattheenddiditrefertotea."
GreatBritain’slongtimesuperiorityatseamayalsooweadebttoitsnavy’sdrinkofrum-basedchoice,grog(掺水烈酒),whichwasmadeacompulsorybeverageforsailorsinthelate18thcentury.
"Theywouldmakegrogwithrum,water,andlemonorlimejuice,"Standagesaid."Thisimprovedthetastebutalsoreducedillnessandscurvy.Fleetphysiciansthoughtthatthishaddoubledtheefficiencyofthefleet."
Coffee
ThestoryofmoderncoffeestartsintheArabianPeninsula,whereroastedbeanswerefirstbrewedaroundA.D.1000.Sometimearoundthe15thcentury,coffeespreadthroughouttheArabworld.
"IntheArabworld,coffeeroseasanalternativetoalcohol,andcoffeehousesasalternativestotaverns(酒馆)—bothofwhicharebannedbyIslam,"Standagesaid.
WhencoffeearrivedinEuropeitwassimilarlyhailedasan"anti-alcohol"thatwasquitewelcomeduringtheAgeofReasoninthe18thcentury.
"JustatthepointwhentheEnlightenmentisgettinggoing,here’sadrinkthatsharpensthemind,"Standagesaid."Thecoffeehouseistheperfectvenue(聚会地点)togettogetherandexchangeideasandinformation.TheFrenchRevolutionstartedinacoffeehouse."
Coffeealsofuelledcommerceandhadstronglinkstotheritualsofbusinessthatremaintothepresentday.LloydsofLondonandtheLondonStockExchangewerebothoriginallycoffeehouses.
Tea
TeabecameadailydrinkinChinaaroundthethirdcenturyA.D.
StandagesaysteaplayedaleadingroleintheexpansionofimperialandindustrialmightinGreatBritainmanycenturieslater.Duringthe19thcentury,theEastIndiaCompanyenjoyedamonopolyonteaexportsfromChina.
"Englishmenaroundtheworldcoulddrinktea,whethertheywereacolonialadministratorinIndiaoraLondonbusinessman,"Standagesaid."ThesunneversetontheBritishEmpire—whichmeantthatitwasalwaysteatimesomewhere."
AstheIndustrialRevolutionof18thand19thcenturiesgainedsteam,teaprovidedsomeofthefuel.Factoryworkersstayedalertduringlong,monotonousshiftsthankstowelcometeabreaks.
Thebeveragealsohadunintendedhealthbenefitsforrapidlygrowingurbanareas."Whenyoustartpackingpeopletogetherincitiesit’shelpfultohaveawater-purificationtechnologyliketea,"whichwasbrewedwithboilingwater,Standageexplained.
Coca-cola
In1886pharmacistJohnStithPembertonsoldaboutnineCoca-colasaday.
Todayhissoftdrinkisoneoftheworld’smostvaluablebrands-soldinmorecountriesthantheUnitedNationshasmembers.
"Itmaybethesecondmostwidelyunderstoodphraseintheworldafter’OK’,"Standagesaid.
ThedrinkhasbecomeasymboloftheUnitedStates—loveitorhateit.StandagenotesthatEastGermansquicklyreachedforCokeswhentheBerlinWallfell,whileThaiMuslimspoureditoutintothestreetstoshowdisdainfortheU.S.inthedaysleadinguptothe2003invasionofIraq.
"Coca-colaencapsulateswhathappenedinthe20thcentury:
theriseofconsumercapitalismandtheemergenceofAmericaasasuperpower,"Standagesaid."It’sglobalizationinabottle."
WhileCokemaynotalwaysproduceasmile,asurveybytheEconomistmagazine(Standage’semployer),suggeststhatthesoftdrink’spresenceisagreatindicatorofhappycitizens.Whencountrieswerepolledforhappiness,asdefinedbyaUnitedNationsindex,highscorescorrelatedwithsalesofCoca-Cola.
"It’snotbecause[Coke]makespeoplehappy,butbecause[its]saleshappeninthedynamicfree-marketeconomiesthattendtoproducehappypeople,"Standagesaid.
1.Thepassagegivesabriefdescriptionofthecontentofanewbook,AHistoryoftheWorldin6Glasses.
2.TheancientSumeriansbeganfermentingbeerfrombarleyatleast6,000yearsago.
3.Todaybeeristhedrinkoftheworkingman,whichwasnotthecasebefore.
4.Greeksprobablysampledthefirst"wine"asthejuiceofnaturallyfermentedwildgrapes.
5.Thecaveatsandtheexpenseofproducingwinehelpeditquicklygainmorecachetthanbeer.
6.StandagesuggeststhatteamayhavebeenmoreresponsiblethanrumfortheindependencemovementinBritain’sAmericancolonies.
7.CoffeeisthebestdrinkaccordingtoStandage.
8.Sometimearoundthe15thcenturycoffeespreadthroughout________.
9.Duringthe19thcentury,themonopolyonteaexportsfromChinais________.
10.Coca-Colahasbecomeasymbolof________.
PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Itseemsyoualwaysforget—yourreadingglasseswhenyouarerushingtowork,yourcoatwhenyouaregoingtothecleaners,yourcreditcardwhenyouareshopping...
Suchabsent-mindednessmaybe47toyou;nowBritishandGermanscientistsaredevelopingmemoryglassesthatrecordeverythingthe48sees.
Theglassescanpl