GWDTN9.docx

GWDTN9.docx

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GWDTN9

GWD-TN-9:

Verbal

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Q1:

GWD-11-28

Inanefforttoreducethenumberoffiresstartedbycigarettes,amajortobaccocompanyistest-marketingacigaretteinwhichthinlayersofextrapaperareusedtodecreasetheamountofoxygenenteringthecigarette,therebyslowingtherateatwhichitburnsandloweringtheheatitgenerates.

A.inwhichthinlayersofextrapaperareusedtodecreasetheamountofoxygenenteringthecigarette,therebyslowing平行结构要对称

B.inwhichtheyusethinlayersofextrapaperindecreasingtheamountofoxygenenteringthecigarette,whichslows

C.thatusesthinlayersofextrapapertodecreasetheamountofoxygenwhenitentersthecigarette,therebyslowing

D.forwhichthinlayersofextrapaperareusedtodecreasetheamountofoxygenthatentersthecigarette,andtherebyslowing

E.usingthinlayersofextrapaperindecreasingtheamountofoxygenenteringthecigarette,whichslows

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GWD-12-Q2:

Scientistsarediscussingwaystoremoveexcesscarbondioxidefromtheatmospherebyincreasingtheamountthatisabsorbedbyplantlife.Oneplantoaccomplishthisistoestablishgiantfloatingseaweedfarmsintheoceans.Whentheseaweedplantsdie,theywillbedisposedofbybeingburnedforfuel.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldindicatethemostseriousweaknessintheplanabove?

A.SomeareasofoceanintheSouthernHemispheredonotcontainsufficientnutrientstosupportlargeseaweedfarms.

B.Whenaseaweedplantisburned,itreleasesanamountofcarbondioxidecomparabletotheamountithasabsorbedinitslifetime.

C.Evenifseaweedfarmsproveeffective,somepeoplewillbereluctanttoswitchtothisnewfuel.

D.Eachyearaboutsevenbilliontonsofcarbondioxidearereleasedintotheatmospherebutonlyaboutfivebilliontonsareabsorbedbyplantlife.

E.Seaweedfarmswouldmakemoremoneybyfarmingseaweedtosellasnutritionalsupplementsthanbyfarmingseaweedtosellasfuel.

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GWD-12-Q3:

Wereitnotforthefusion-poweredheatandradiationthatrushfromitscore,insteaditsownweightwouldcauseastartocollapse.虚拟语气

A.insteaditsownweightwouldcauseastartocollapse

B.insteadastarwouldhavecollapsedunderitsownweight

C.astarwouldhavetobecollapsingunderitsownweight

D.astarwouldcollapseunderitsownweight

E.itsownweightwouldhavecausedastar’scollapse

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GWD-12-Q4toQ7:

Theterm“episodicmemory”wasintroducedbyTulvingtorefertowhatheconsideredauniquelyhumancapacity—theabilitytorecollectspecificpastevents,totravelbackintothepastinone’sownmind—asdistinctfromthecapacitysimplytouseinformationacquiredthroughpastexperiences.Subsequently,Claytonetal.developedcriteriatotestforepisodicmemoryinanimals.Accordingtothesecriteria,episodicmemoriesarenotofindividualbitsofinformation;theyinvolvemultiplecomponentsofasingleevent“bound”together.Claytonsoughttoexamineevidenceofscrubjays’accuratememoryof“what,”“where,”and“when”informationandtheirbindingofthisinformation.Inthewild,thesebirdsstorefoodforretrievallaterduringperiodsoffoodscarcity.Clayton’sexperimentrequiredjaystorememberthetype,location,andfreshnessofstoredfoodbasedonauniquelearningevent.Cricketswerestoredinonelocationandpeanutsinanother.Jaysprefercrickets,butcricketsdegrademorequickly.Clayton’sbirdsswitchedtheirpreferencefromcricketstopeanutsoncethefoodhadbeenstoredforacertainlengthoftime,showingthattheyretaininformationaboutthewhat,thewhere,andthewhen.Suchexperimentscannot,however,revealwhetherthebirdswerereexperiencingthepastwhenretrievingtheinformation.Claytonacknowledgedthisbyusingtheterm“episodic-like”memory.

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Q4:

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.explainhowthefindingsofaparticularexperimenthavebeeninterpretedandofferanalternativeinterpretation与正确答案相反

episodicmemoryintroducedbyTtoreferto….Cdevelopedcriteriatotestforepisodicjays….Suchexperimentscannothowever,reveal….Cacknowledged…

B.describeaparticularexperimentandpointoutoneofitslimitations

C.presentsimilaritiesbetweenhumanmemoryandanimalmemory

D.pointoutaflawintheargumentthatacertaincapacityisuniquelyhuman

E.accountfortheunexpectedbehaviorofanimalsubjectsinaparticularexperiment

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Q5:

Accordingtothepassage,Clayton’sexperimentdependedonthefactthatscrubjays

A.recall“when”and“where”informationmoredistinctlythan“what”information

B.arenotabletoretaininformationaboutasinglepasteventforanindefinitelylongperiodoftime

C.choosepeanutsovercricketswhenthecricketshavebeenstoredforalongperiodoftime

D.choosecricketsoverpeanutswheneverbothareavailable

E.preferpeanutsthathavebeenstoredforashortperiodtocricketsthathavebeenstoredforashortperiod

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Q6:

ThepassagesuggeststhatClayton’sexperimentdemonstratedscrubjays’abilityto

A.choosedifferentstorageplacesfordifferentkindsoffoodtominimizetherateatwhichafoodwilldegrade

B.unlearnabehaviortheyuseinthewildinordertoadapttolaboratoryconditions

C.bindtogetherinformationaboutdifferentaspectsofasinglepastevent

D.reexperienceapasteventinmemoryandactaccordingly

E.distinguishonelearningeventfromasubsequentlearningevent

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GWD-12-Q7:

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbothTulvingandClaytonwouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

A.Animals’abilitiestouseinformationaboutaspecificpasteventarenotconclusiveevidenceofepisodicmemory.

B.Animalsdonotsharehumans’abilitiestoreexperiencethepastthroughmemory.

C.Theaccuracyofanimals’memoriesisdifficulttodeterminethroughdirectexperimentation.

D.Humanstendtorecollectsinglebitsofinformationmoreaccuratelythandoanimals.

E.Thebindingofdifferentkindsofinformationisnotadistinctivefeatureofepisodicmemory.

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GWD-12-Q8toQ10:

ActingontherecommendationofaBritishgovernmentcommitteeinvestigatingthehighincidenceinwhiteleadfactoriesofillnessamongemployees,mostofwhomwerewomen,theHomeSecretaryproposedin1895thatParliamentenactlegislationthatwouldprohibitwomenfromholdingmostjobsinwhiteleadfactories.AlthoughtheWomen’sIndustrialDefenceCommittee（WIDC）,formedin1892inresponsetoearlierlegislativeattemptstorestrictwomen’slabor,didnotdiscountthewhiteleadtrade’spotentialhealthdangers,itopposedtheproposal,viewingitasyetanotherinstanceoflimitingwomen’sworkopportunities.AlsoopposingtheproposalwastheSocietyforPromotingtheEmploymentofWomen（SPEW）,whichattemptedtochallengeitbyinvestigatingthecausesofillnessinwhiteleadfactories.SPEWcontended,andWIDCconcurred,thatcontrollableconditionsinsuchfactorieswereresponsibleforthedevelopmentofleadpoisoning.SPEWprovidedconvincingevidencethatleadpoisoningcouldbeavoidedifworkerswerecarefulandcleanandifalreadyextantworkplacesafetyregulationswerestringentlyenforced.However,theWomen’sTradeUnionLeague（WTUL）,whichhadceasedinthelate1880’stoopposerestrictionsonwomen’slabor,supportedtheeventuallyenactedproposal,inpartbecausesafetyregulationsweregenerallynotbeingenforcedinwhiteleadfactories,wheretherewerenounions（andlittleprospectofany）topressureemployerstocomplywithsafetyregulations.

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Q8:

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostclearlysupportthecontentionattributedtoSPEWinlines30-34（“SPEWcontended…leadpoisoning”）?

A.Thosewhiteleadfactoriesthatmoststronglyenforcedregulationsconcerningworkersafetyandhygienehadthelowestincidencesofleadpoisoningamongemployees.

SPEWprovidedconvincingevidencethatleadpoisoningcouldbeavoidedifworkerswerecarefulandcleanandifalreadyextantworkplacesafetyregulationswerestringentlyenforced.SPEW认为是可控的

B.Theincidenceofleadpoisoningwasmuchhigheramongwomenwhoworkedinwhiteleadfactoriesthanamongwomenwhoworkedinothertypesoffactories.

C.Thereweremanyhouseholdsourcesofleadthatcouldhavecontributedtotheincidenceofleadpoisoningamongwomenwhoalsoworkedoutsidethehomeinthelatenineteenthcentury.削弱了

D.Whiteleadfactoriesweremorestringentthanwerecertainothertypesoffactoriesintheirenforcementofworkplacesafetyregulations.

E.Evenbriefexposuretotheconditionstypicallyfoundinwhiteleadfactoriescouldcauseleadpoisoningamongfactoryworkers.

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Q9:

Accordingtothepassage,theWIDCbelievedthattheproposedlegislationresembledearlierlegislationconcerningwomen’slaborinthatit

A.causeddivisive