安徽省和县高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选编题3.docx

安徽省和县高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选编题3.docx

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安徽省和县高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选编题3

安徽和县2020高考英语阅读理解（一轮）选编题

阅读理解训练

（2020·青岛市二模）

ScientistsinvestigatedwhyEbolavirusissodeadlywhenitspreadsfromanimalstohumansandthenfromhumantohumancontact.TheresearchteamlookedattheZaireEbolavirusinananimalsystemtounderstandhowitgainsstrength.ThisvirusisresponsibleforthecurrentoutbreakinWestAfrica.Theyfoundthatinitiallytheanimalsystemswerenotaffectedbythevirus,butsucceedingtransmission（传送）intootheranimalscausedthevirusto“hotup”andbecomemoresevere.

Theteamanalyzedthevirusesatdifferentstagesandwereabletoidentifyseveralchangesinitsgeneticmaterialthatwereassociatedwithincreaseddisease.

ProfessorJulianHiscox,wholedthestudyfromtheUniversity'sInstituteofInfectionandGlobalHealth,explains:

“TheworktellsusthattheevolutionarygoalofEbolavirusistobecomemorefatal.”

“Wewereabletoshowthroughgeneticanalysiswhichpartsofthevirusareinvolvedinthisprocess.Theinformationwehavegatheredwillnowallowustomonitorforsuchchangesinanoutbreakaswellasdevelopfuturetreatmentstrategies.”

ProfessorRogerHewson,leadingthestudyfromPublicHealthEngland,PortonDown,said:

“EbolavirusissuchadestructiveinfectiontothepeopleaffectedbythediseaseandtheeconomyofWestAfrica.”

“OurunderstandingofEbolavirusbiologyiswaybehindthatofothervirusesandourcooperationshowshowwecanbringtogetherourspecialists'skillstoclosethisknowledgegap.”

ProfessorMilesCarroll,acoauthorofthework,said:

“ThisstudyhasallowedtheteamtobeattheforefrontofdevelopingmethodologiestoanalyzepatientsamplesrecentlytakenbytheEuropeanMobileLaboratoryfromWestAfricatounderstanddiseaseevolutionduringthecurrentoutbreak.”

文章大意：

本文是医疗科研报告。

文章主要讲述了关于埃博拉病毒的研究进展情况，该病毒与什么有关系，该如何控制该病的疫情。

1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?

A．HowsevereEbolavirusis.

B．HowEbolavirusspreads.

C．HowEbolavirusgraduallybecomesdeadly.

D．WhatcontributionsscientistshavemadeonEbolavirus.

答案：

C　主旨大意题。

A项严重的埃博拉病毒是怎么样的；B项埃博拉病毒是如何传播的；C项埃博拉病毒是如何变得致命的；D项科学家们为埃博拉病毒做出了什么样的贡献。

根据题干关键词thefirstparagraph。

通读第一段，并根据第一句话ScientistsinvestigatedwhyEbolavirusissodeadlywhenitspreadsfromanimalstohumansandthenfromhumantohumancontact可知该段的大意是埃博拉病毒是如何逐渐变得致命的。

故选C。

2．Whichofthefollowingstatementsismentionedinthepassage?

A．Inthefirststage,thevirushurtsitsvictimsmuch.

B．Asthevirusspreads,it'llchangeandbecomemoreandmoredeadly.

C．TheresearchinEbolavirusismoreadvancedthanthatinotherviruses.

D．ThescientistshaveanegativeattitudetotheresearchinEbolavirus.

答案：

B　推理判断题。

根据文章第一段的Theyfoundthatinitiallytheanimalsystemswerenotaffectedbythevirus,butsucceedingtransmission（传送）intootheranimalscausedthevirusto“hotup”andbecomemoresevere中的关键词initially可知A是错误的；根据文章的倒数第二段“OurunderstandingofEbolavirusbiologyiswaybehindthatofothervirusesandourcooperationshowshowwecanbringtogetherourspecialists'skillstoclosethisknowledgegap.”排除C；根据文章最后三段可排除D；根据文章第一段的最后一句话的后半句succeedingtransmission（传送）intootheranimalscausedthevirusto“hotup”andbecomemoresevere可知选B。

3．Theunderlinedword“fatal”hastheclosestmeaningto________.

A．optimisticB．deadly

C．commonD．fantastic

答案：

B　词义猜测题。

optimistic乐观的；deadly致命的；common常见的；fantastic奇异的。

根据文章第四段的Theinformationwehavegatheredwillnowallowustomonitorforsuchchangesinanoutbreakaswellasdevelopfuturetreatmentstrategies和该段的theevolutionarygoalofEbolavirus可知埃博拉病毒变得更加致命。

由此推断fatal是致命的。

故选B。

4．Wherecanweprobablyreadthispassage?

A．Inasciencereport.B．Inastorybook.

C．Inanadvertisement.D．Inatextbook.

答案：

A　细节理解题。

Inasciencereport在科技报告上；Inastorybook在故事书中；Inanadvertisement在一个广告中；Inatextbook在课本中。

通读全文，并根据文章介绍埃博拉病毒的研究进程判断选A。

[科普知识型阅读理解

（二）]------B

Studyingvolcanoesisademandingprofession.HazelRymerfrequentlyhastostrugglethroughrainforests,climbtothetopofmountains,thenclimb200metresintothecraterofactivevolcanoes.Butthe38yearoldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.“Drivingtoworkismorerisky，”sheinsists.“AndthedeepestIgointothecraterofavolcanoisabout300metres，”sheadds,tryingtomakeitallsoundasordinaryastakingthedogforawalk.

Hazelhasbeenstudyingvolcanoesforalongtime,soit'snotsurprisingsheisusedtothedanger.Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganatschool.AteachergaveherabookaboutPompeii.“IrememberreadingabouttheeruptionofVesuviusandthedestructionofthecity，”sheexplains.“ThethoughtofallthosepeoplejustfrozenintimehadquiteaneffectonmeandIamstillexcitedbytheirdangerousbeautytoday.”

Nowadays,volcanoesaregettingmoreandmoreunpredictable.Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.Thesehaveresultedinsomedormantvolcanoeserupting,sostudyingthemismoredangerousthaneverbefore.Hazelsaysthatalthoughshedoesn'ttakeanyunnecessaryrisk,shehashadsomefrighteningmoments.HerworstexperiencewasontheslopesofMountEtnainSicily,whenshewasslowlysurroundedbylava.“Ihadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit，”sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelavastream.“Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1，000°C,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.Itwasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.”

Andwhataboutthefuture?

“Ihaven'tbeentothevolcanoesinIndonesiayet.AndIwouldlovetospendsometimeworkingintheAntarctic，”shesays.“Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhyquietlavaflowseruptfromsomevolcanoesandwhyothervolcanoesgobang.”Inotherwords,HazelRymerwon'tbeexchanginghervolcanoesfortherelativesafetyofdrivingtoworkjustyet.

1.Hazel'sclaimthat“drivingtoworkismorerisky”thanexploringvolcanoesshowsthat________．

A．peoplehaveexaggeratedthedangersofvolcanoesinthepast

B．Hazeldoesnotreallyunderstandthedangeroussituationssheputsherselfin

C．therearemanybaddriversintheplacewhereHazellives

D．Hazelisbeingmodestandunderstatingthedangersshefaces

2.WhendidHazelfirstbecomeinterestedinvolcanoes?

A．WhenshewasvisitingItaly.

B．Whenshewasatschool.

C．Whenshewastwenty.

D．WhenshesawVesuvius.

3.Theunderlinedword“These”（inParagraph3）refersto“________”．

A．meltingicecaps

B．volcaniceruptions

C．changesinsealevel

D．highertemperatures

4.WhenHazelwasonMountEtna,shehadto________．

A．takeadangerousroute

B．takeanunnecessaryrisk

C．leaveherbootsbehind

D．walkfortenhoursaroundthemountain

5.Inthefuture,Hazelwantsto________．

A．revisitvolcanoessheknows

B．goonholidaytotheAntarctic

C．findalessdangerousjob

D．discovernewthingsaboutvolcanoes

【参考答案解析】B

【要点综述】本文主要介绍了火山学家HazelRymer的一些关于火山的研究活动。

1．D　由此句话的前一句“Butthe38yearoldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.”以及此句话可知，HazelRymer说开车上班比对火山进行研究更危险可推断出，她是以一种谦虚的说法淡化其面临的危险。

2．B　由第二段第二句“Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganatschool.”可知她在读书时就对火山感兴趣。

3．C　由画线词的前一句话“Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.”可知画线词应该指的是海平线的变化。

4．A　由第三段最后几句“‘Ihadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit，'sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelavastream.‘Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1，000°C,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.Itwasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.'”可知她选择了从熔岩流中走过，而这是一条危险的路。

5．D　由最后一段的内容“…Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhyquietlavaflowseruptfromsomevolcanoesandwhyothervolcanoesgobang…”可知，Hazel将继续对火山进行研究，并发现一些新的东西。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Asthenewsemesterbegins,millionsofcollegestudentsacrossthecountryaretryinghardtorememberhowbesttowriteapaperor,morelikely,howbesttodelaythatpaper.

Procrastinationisthethiefoftimeandalotofstudentssufferfromit.Theycanspendwholedaysinthelibrarydoingnothingbutstaringintospace,eatingsnacks,surfingtheInternet,watchingvideosandlookingatotherstudentssittingaroundthem,who,mostlikely,aredoingnothingeither.

Paralyzedbytheirhabittoprocrastinate,theywritemicroblogsabouttheirfears,askingtheironlinefriendsiftheysometimeshavethesameissue.Butthisdoesnothingtobreakthespell（魔咒）.

Accordingtoarecentreport,95percentofusprocrastinateatsomepointand20percentoftheworld’spopulationarealwaysprocrastinating.Thefiguresaredisappointing.Procrastinatorsarelesswealthy,lesshealthyandlesshappythanthosewhodon’tdelay.Procrastinatorsliketofindexcuses"tojustifytheirbehavior,butBBCcolumnistRowanPellingsaystheyareallwrong.

Manyprocrastinatorstellthemselvestheyareperfectionistswhoworkbestunderpressure.Pellingsaysthisisnonsense,asworkdoneatthelastminuteismorelikelytohavemistakesthanworkdoneontime.Thebehaviorofprocrastinatorsoftenmakesthemfeelashamed,inconveniencesothersandannoyslovedones.

Pellingalsopointsoutthatprocrastinationfeelsparticularlydelinquent（过失的）inasocietythatthinksofswiftactionasadmirable,and,attimes,evenasamoralgood.

Fortunately,socialscientistshavethrowntheirweightbehindeffortstounderstandthisbehavioralmistakeandofferstrategiestocontrolit.PiersSteel,aCanadiansocialscientistandauthorofTheProcrastinationEquation,believeshumanis“designed”toprocrastinate