Scientific American 阅读理解CD.docx

Scientific American 阅读理解CD.docx

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ScientificAmerican阅读理解CD

2020届淮阴区教研室高三英语模拟试题（三）

第三部分阅读理解

C

Theoceancoversmorethan70%ofourplanet,anareaofover160millionsquaremiles.Itissoimmense（极大的）thatexplorersoncethoughttherewasnowaytocrossit.Whenourshipswereadvancedenoughtodoso,peoplethenthoughtitimpossibleforhumanstoeverexhaustfisheriesordrivemarinespeciestoextinction.

Theywerewrong.Commercialfishingnowcoversanareafourtimesthatofagricultureandmuchofthatexpansehasbeencompletelyunsustainable.Wehavedepleted90%offormerlyimportantcoastalspecies.Largefishhavebeenharvestedsoheavilythattheyarevirtuallywipedoutinmanyplaces.

Somemayhopethatthereareimmenseareasstilluntouched,giventhathumansdonotliveontheoceanandweneedspecializedshipstogofarbeyondthecoast.Butthatisincorrect.Astudy,publishedin2018inCurrentBiology,showsincoastalregions,wherehumanactivitiesaremostintense,thereisalmostnowildernessleftatall,andthatjust13%oftheoceanremainsaswilderness.

Theseremnants（剩余部分）ofwildernessarehometounparalleledmarinelife,sustaininglargepredatorsandhighlevelsofgeneticdiversity.Thelackofhumanimpactcanalsomakethemhighlyresilienttorisingseatemperatures,whichcannotbehaltedwithoutglobaleffortstoreduceemissions.

Wildernessareasalsoactlikeawindowintothepast,revealingwhattheoceanusedtolooklike.Thisiscrucialinformationformarineconservation.Ifwearetorestoredegradedareastotheirformerstate,weneedtoknowwhattoaimfor.

Whatconcernsusnowisthatmostwildernessremainsunprotected.Thismeansitcouldbelostatanytime,asadvancesintechnologyallowustofishdeeperandshipfartherthaneverbefore.Thankstoawarmingclimate,evenplacesthatwereoncesafeguardedbecauseofyear-roundicecoverarenowopentofishingandshipping.

Thislackofprotectionstemsinlargepartfrominternationalenvironmentalpoliciesfailingtorecognizetheuniquevaluesofwilderness,insteadfocusingonsavingat-riskecosystemsandavoidingextinctions.Thisissimilartoagovernmentusingitsentirehealthbudgetoncardiacsurgery,withoutpoliciesencouragingexercisetodecreasetheriskofheartattacksoccurringinthefirstplace.

OurCurrentBiologypapercomeswithaplea.Aswedevelopinternationalconservationagreements,itiscrucialthatwerecognizetheuniquevalueofwildernessandsettargetsforitsretention（保留）.Withoutfurtheraction,wildernessareaswilllikelybelostforever—somethingPresidentLyndonB.JohnsonurgedustoavoidwhenhesignedtheWildernessActin1964,“Iffuturegenerationsaretorememberuswithgratituderatherthancontempt,”Johnsonobserved,“wemustleavethemmorethanthemiraclesoftechnology.Wemustleavethemaglimpseoftheworldasitwasinthebeginning.”

61.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedoneinparagraph4?

A.protectedB.affectedC.restoredD.stopped

62.Commercialfishingcoverssuchavastareamainlydueto________.

A.lackofconservationB.advancedtechnologyandglobalwarming

C.humans’curiosityD.therecognitionofthevaluesofwilderness

63.Howdoestheauthormakehisargumentclearandpersuasiveinthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.QuotingandusinganexampleB.Usingstatisticsandanexample

C.DrawingananalogyandquotingD.Usingstatisticsanddrawingananalogy

64.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.

A.warnhumanbeingsoftheimpactofglobalwarming

B.urgepeopletopreservewildernessareasoftheocean

C.blamefishingcompaniesfortheirunsustainablefishing

D.underlinethesignificanceoftheoceanforhumanbeings

文本解读：

本文ScientificAmerican2018-12,主要讲述了渔业的过度开发对沿海及大洋的生态带来的毁灭性破坏，敦促人们采取措施去保护海洋，尤其是海洋原貌的保留区域。

61.D词意猜测题。

结合该词所在句子进行分析可知：

which指代risingseatemperatures,定语从句的句意应是：

没有全球的共同努力去减少排放，海洋水温的上升趋势就不会停下来。

故选D。

62.B细节判断题。

第六段Thankstoawarmingclimate一句提到了气候变暖，第六节第二句asadvancesintechnologyallowustofishdeeperandshipfartherthaneverbefore提到了技术方面的进步，故B项是正确的表述。

A，C和D项的表述与本题无关。

63.C推理判断题。

倒数第二节使用的是类比的方法（保护环境的政策重点误置与健康预算资金的使用不当作类比），倒数第一节引用了Johnson所说的话，故选C。

64.B写作意图题。

尽管A、C和D项的表述在文中都提到了，但不是写作的主要意图。

真正的意图应是通过意识到情况的严重性，进而敦促人们行动起来去保护海洋，故选B。

2020届高三年级第二学期期初联考试卷

英语试题

命题单位：

无锡一中审核单位：

丹阳高级中学金陵中学

D

Tolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon'tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificcommunitythateven1，200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!

Brilliantmindscanintimidateupandcomingthinkerswhoarenotconfidentoftheirabilities.TheyoftenbelievetheyareinferiortothemindsofgiantssuchasAristotle,leadingmanytoacceptcurrentparadigmsinsteadofquestioningthem.

I,likemanythinkersofthepast,oncebelievedinmymentalinferiority.Iwascertainthatmyparents,myteachers—adultsingeneral—werealwaysright.Theywerelikeatextbooktome;Ididn'tquestionwhatwaswrittenonthosepages.Irespectedthem,andacceptedwhatevertheytoldme.Butthatattitudesoonchanged.Mymind'sindependencewasfirststimulatedintheclassroom.

Astern,65yearoldelementaryschoolscienceteacheroncetoldmethatlightisatypeofwave.Iconfidentlywentthroughyearsofschoolbelievingthatlightisawave.Oneday，howeverIheardtheGermanexchangestudentmentionthatlightcouldbemadeupofparticles.Astheotherslaughedathisstatement,Istartedtoquestionmybeliefs.

Maybetheteachersandtextbookshadn'tgivenmethewholestory.Iwenttothelibrary,didsomeresearchandlearnedofthelightasawaveversuslightasaparticledebate.IreadaboutEinstein'sdiscoveryofthedualnatureoflightandlearnedthefactsofaparadox（悖论）thatpuzzlestheworld'sgreatestthinkerstothisday.Lightbehavesasbothaparticleandawave,itisbothatonce.IrealizedIhadgonethroughlifeacceptingonlyhalfofthestoryasthewholetruth.

Eachnewyearbroughtmorenewfacts,andIformulatedevenmorequestions.Ifoundmyselfinthelibraryafterschool,tryingtofindmyownanswerstogainamorecompleteunderstandingofwhatIthoughtIalreadyknew.Idiscoveredthatmyparentsandteachersareincredibletoolsinmyquestforknowledge,buttheyareneverthefinalword.Eventextbookscanbechallenged.Ilearnedtoquestionmysources,Ilearnedtobeathinker.IoncebelievedthateverythingIlearnedathomeandatschoolwascertain,butIhavenowdiscoveredtoreexaminewhennecessary.

Questionsaresaidtobethepathtoknowledgeandtruth,andIplantocontinuequestioning.Howmanythingsdoweknowforsuretodaythatwewillquestioninthefuture?

Atthismoment,Iknowthatoursunwillburnforanotherfivebillionyears,andIknownothingcanescapethegravityofablackhole.Thisknowledge,however,maychangeinthenext20years—maybeeveninthenexttwo.Theonethingwecancontrolnowisouropennesstodiscovery.Questionsarethetoolsofopenminds,andopenmindsarethekeytointellectualadvancement.

65．Inthefirstparagraph,Aristotleistakenasanexampletoshowthat______.

A．heisthegreatestandrespectedphilosopherofalltime

B．hugeinfluenceofgreatthinkersmayblockhumanthought

C．advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheories

D．greatthinkersoftenmakemistakesandthencorrectthem

66．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”inParagraph2mean?

A．Frighten.B．Encourage.C．Strength.D．Persuade.

67．Theauthorbegantoquestionhispreviousbeliefsbecause______.

A．whathelearnedfromtextbooksbeforeturnedouttobewrong

B．hewasinspiredbythedifferentideasfromanexchangestudent

C．hewaslaughedatbyotherstudentsforhisunacceptablestatement

D．hewasnotsatisfiedwithhislifeanddesperatetoachievesuccess

68．Accordingtothepassage,theauthor______.

A．looksdownupongreatthinkersallthetime

B．neverdoubtswhathehaslearnedinthetextbook

C．alwaysthrowshimselfintothelaboratory

D．determinestobeathinkerandquestioner

69．Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat______.

A．theauthorisnotquitesureabouthisfuture

B．wehumanbeingsdon'tdaretopredictfuture

C．theoryofblackholeswillchangeintwoyears

D．questioningisnecessarytopromoteadvancementthe

70．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．Followingrules.B．Challengingyourself.

C．Questioninggiants.D．Predictingfuture.

66—70ABDDC