小学英语现在完成时资料.docx
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小学英语现在完成时资料
小学英语-现在完成时
新概念英语语法串讲——现在完成时
现在完成时指的是过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
一、现在完成时的用法
1.过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成。
如:
1)Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我做完家庭作业了。
(过去某时开始做,到现在已完成)
2)Hehasalreadycome他已经来了。
(过去某时开始离开某地到这来,现在已在这。
)
2.表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在,有可能继续延续下去。
如:
1)IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已经学了六年英语了。
(六年前开始学英语,一直学到现在,也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。
)
2)IhavelivedinShenyangsince1990.我从1990年就在沈阳住。
(从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在,也可能继续住也可能就此为止。
)
二、现在完成时的结构
1)肯定式:
主语+have/has+过去分词
2)否定式:
主语+have/has+not+过去分词
3)一般疑问式Have/Has+主语+过去分词
4)特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词
三、现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时常用的时间状语包括“already,yet,ever,etc”。
例如:
Wehavelearnedabout3000Englishwordsbytheendofthisterm.
到上学期末我们已经学了3000个英语单词。
注意:
1)当表示一段时间,现在完成时可以用for或since引导的状语。
例如:
I’veknownLiLifor4years.我认识丽丽已经4年了。
Ihaveworkedheresince8yearsago.自从8年前我就在这工作。
2)当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时,在转换成否定句时,要把句中的already或just去掉,在句末加上yet.。
例如:
Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.------Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.
Hehasjustcome.------Hehasn’tcomeyet.
注意:
for和since的用法。
①for+时段为…时间
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:
自从……以来)
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句(过去时)
⑤Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)
四、过去分词变化规则如下:
1、规则动词:
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则:
(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。
live---lived---lived,
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried
(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
2、不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
例如;cut-cut-cut,hit-- hit--hit.
五、使用时注意事项
1.“have/hasgot”形式上是一种完成时,但和have/has为同一意思“有”。
例如:
Haveyougotpen-friends?
Yes,Ihave.
你有笔友吗?
是的,我有。
Hashegotalotofworktodo?
No,hehasn’t.
他有许多工作要做吗?
不,他没有。
2.have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的区别。
have/hasgoneto去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来
have/hasbeento曾经去过,人已经回来了
have/hasbeenin已经在,常与一段时间连用
HehasbeentoShenyangbefore.他以前曾去过沈阳。
HehasbeeninShenyangfortenyears.他在沈阳10年了。
HashegonetoShenyang?
他去沈阳了吗?
3.have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever连用;
have/hasgoneto则不可。
例如:
─HasTomeverbeentoParis?
汤姆去过巴黎吗?
─Yes,he’sbeentheremanytimes.是的,他去过好几次了。
─Wherehavetheygone?
他们去哪里了?
─They’vegonetoShenyang.他们去沈阳了。
4.非延续性动词(或称作终止性动词)不能用“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有:
come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。
但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。
arrive,come→behere,beinbuy→have
begin,start→beon die→bedead
getup→beupleave,move→beaway;
goout→beoutborrow→keep
finish/end→beoveropen→beopen
close→beclosedjoin—beamemberof
六、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等.
例如:
Hehasalreadyfinishedthework..
典型例题1:
Hisfather_____thepartysince1978
A.joind B.hasjoined C.wasin D.hasbeenin
解析:
本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。
since1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”,表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在,应该用现在完成时,而且动词必须是延续性动词,AB均为瞬间动词,不能与时间段连用,故排除;C为一般过去时,也不行。
答案;D.
要牢记:
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:
yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等;而现在完成时则常与just,already,ever,never等副词和thesedays,thisweek,since......,for......等表示一段时间的状语连用。
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
典型例题2:
—______you___your homework yet?
—Yes.I_____ it a moment ago.
A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished C.Have;done;havefinished
解析:
本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。
问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时,而回答中的a moment ago是一个表示过去的时间状语,应该用一般过去时。
答案:
B
附表:
动词——过去式——过去分词
1、AAA型(原形、过去式和过去分词同形):
2、cost cost cost cut cut cut let let let
put put put read read read
2、ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形):
bring brought brought build built built
buy bought bought catch caught caught
dig dug dug feel felt felt
find found found get got got
have had had hear heard heard
hold held held keep kept kept
※learn learnt learnt leave left left
lend lent lent make made made
meet met met pay paid paid
say said said sell sold sold
send sent sent shine shone shone
sit sat sat sleep slept slept
※smell smelt smelt spend spent spent
stand stood stood teach taught taught
tell told told think thought thought
understand understood understood
3、ABC型(原形、过去式和过去分词各异):
be was/were been begin began begun
blow blew blown break broke broken
do did done draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk drive drove driven
eat ate eaten fall fell fallen
fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten
give gave given go went gone
grow grew grown know knew known
lie lay lain ride rode ridden
ring rang rung see saw seen
show showed shown sing sang sung
speak spoke spoken swim swam swum
take took taken throw threw thrown
wake woke woken wear wore worn
write wrote written
4、ABA型(原形与过去分词同形):
become became becomecome came come
5、AAB型(原形与过去式同形):
beat beat beaten
现在完成时练习
一、选择填空
1.Kate’sneverseenChinesefilms,____?
A.hasn’tshe B.hasshe C.isn’tshe D.isshe
2.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?
-______you______yourhomeworkyet?
A.Do;finish B.Are;finishing C.Did;finish D.Have;finished
3.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.
A.after B.before C.since D.for
4.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.
A.haslent B.hasborrowed C.hasbought D.hashad
5.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.
A.didn’treceive B.haven’tgot C.didn’thave D.haven’theard
6.-Haveyouever______Beijing?
-Yes,Ihave.
A.wentto B.goneto C.beenin D.beento
7.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeenin B.havebeento C.havegoneto D.havebeen
8.Iwon’tgototheconcertbecauseI____myticket.
A.lost B.don’tlose C.havelost D.iscoming
9.–WhereisMrLiu?
-He________thelibrary.
A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.hasbeenin D.haswent
10.WecametoShanghaithreeyearsago,sowe_______herefortwoyears.
A.havebeento B.havebeenin C.havebeen D.havegone
11.-Howlong_______you_______yourexampaper?
-Aboutthreemonths.
A.did;buy B.have;get C.have;had D.have;bought
12.Hetellsmehe________Chinaforovereightyears.
A.hasbeen B.hasbeenin C.hasbeento D.hasgoneto
13.Hisparents________formorethan3years.
A.havecomehere B.havestartedtowork
C.havelivedthere D.havelefttheuniversity
14.I_______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.
A.didn'treceiveB.haven'tgotC.didn'thaveD.haven'theard
15.—Wherehaveyou_______thesedays?
—Ihave_______toDalianwithmyfriends.
A.been;goneB.been;beenC.gone;beenD.gone;gone
16.Howlonghaveyou_______thisbook?
A.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent
17.—Where'sPeter?
—He_______toNanjing.
A.isgoingB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.went
18.Wehavelivedhere_______fiveyearsago.
A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after
19.—Ihavewatchedthegame.—When_______you_______it?
A.have;watchedB.do;watchC.did;watchD.will;watch
20.MissBrown_______totheGreatWalltwice.
A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.havegoneD.hasgone
二.用动词的适当形式填空
1.I___________already_________(see)thefilm.I_____________(see)itlastweek.
2.—___________he___________(finish)hisworkyet?
—Notyet.
3.—___________you___________(be)toHongKong?
—Yes,I____________(be)theretwice.
4.—___________youever____________(eat)chocolate?
—No,never.
5. Myfather____________just___________(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.
6.—Where'sLiMing?
—He___________(go)totheteacher'soffice.
7.I____________(work)heresinceI___________(move)herein1999.
8.—Howlong__________theWangs____________(stay)here?
—Fortwoweeks.
三.句型转换(每空一词)
1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)
I____________beentoMacaubefore.
2.Hehasn'tcometoschoolbecausehe'sill.(就划线部分提问)
__________________hecometoschool?
3.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.(就划线部分提问)
_________________________________________learnedEnglish?
4.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)
I_______just__________anewbike.
5.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)
We______________________English_____________threeyears.
四.填入has/havebeen或has/havegone.
1.Harry:
IsawyouinAnnabel'sRestaurantlastnight.
Diana:
No,itwasn'tme.I____________never__________there.
2.Sam:
SallyandTimareonholiday,aren'tthey?
Where________they__________?
Sue:
ToFlorida,again.
Sam:
Howmanytimes________they___________there?
Sue:
Thisistheirthirdvisit.
3.Steve:
CanIspeaktoJill,please?
Lynn:
She'sout,I'mafraid.She____________tothecinemathisevening.
Steve:
Again?
She________already__________toth