College English Listening and Speaking Course 4Unit 5听力原文完整版.docx
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CollegeEnglishListeningandSpeakingCourse4Unit5听力原文完整版
Unit5Memory
PartAPre-listeningTask
Additionalquestionsfordiscussion
1.Whatmethodsdoyouusetoremindyourselfofpastevents?
ThemainmethodIuseisbykeepingadiary.Attheendofeachday,Iwouldtakeafewminutestorecallthemajoractivitiesandeventsofthatdayandwritedownabriefaccountoftheminmylittlebook.I'vebeendoingthiseverydayforthepasttwoyears,andI'llkeepdoingit.Ifinditveryusefulandinterestingtorememberthingsthatway.Inadditiontothisold-fashionedpen-to-papermethod,Ialsousesomenewtechnologies.Itakepictures.Imaketaperecordings.AndIcollectsouvenirs.Butunlikeadiary,thosethingsIjustdooccasionally,notonadailybasis.
2.Whatdolong-termmemoryandshort-termmemorymean?
Long-termmemoryisourbrain'sstorageofinformationforalongperiodoftime.Short-termmemory,ontheotherhand,isthetemporarystorageofinformationinthebrain.Thetwokindsofmemorycanbestbeillustratedwithexamples.Whatexactlydidyoueatforbreakfasttodayandforsupperthreedaysago--supposethesupperwasonlyanordinaryone,notanimportantdinner?
Youwillmostlikelyremembertheformerbutforgetthelatter.Thatshowshowshort-termmemoryworks.WhatwasyourEnglishtestscoreforgoingtocollege?
Outcomesthenumberrightaway.Thatislong-termmemory.Probablyyouwon'tforgetitforlife,becauseitwassoimportant.
3.Whydoyouthinkthepowertorememberisanecessaryconditionforourexistence?
Everythingwedoeachdaydependsontheinformationwehavelearnedandstoredinourbrain.Mostactionsweperform,tovaryingdegrees,havesomethingtodowithourmemory--whetheritisamajorjudgmentordecisiontomake,wewouldletourmemoryguideourway.Thepowertorememberenablesustocarryoutawiderangeoftasks.Withoutit,wewouldn'tknowhowtocrossastreetorhowtohandleapairofchopsticks.Thenwewouldbeinbigtrouble.
PartBListeningTask
HowOurMemoryWorks
Trytoimaginealifewithoutamemory.Itwouldbeimpossible.Youcouldn'tusealanguage,becauseyouwouldn'trememberthewords.Youcouldn'tunderstandafilm,becauseyouneedtoholdthefirstpartofthestoryinyourmindinordertounderstandthelaterparts.Youwouldn'tbeabletorecognizeanyone-evenmembersofyourownfamily.Youwouldliveinapermanentpresent.Youwouldhavenopastandyouwouldn'tbeabletoimagineafuture.
Humanbeingshaveamazingmemories.Apartfromallourpersonalmemoriesaboutourownlives,wecanrecallbetween20,000and100,000wordsinourownlanguageaswellaspossiblythousandsmoreinaforeignlanguage.Wehaveallsortsofinformationaboutdifferentsubjectssuchashistory,science,andgeography,andwehavecomplexskillssuchasdrivingacarorplayingamusicalinstrument.Allthesethingsandcountlessothersdependonourmemory.
Howwellyourememberthingsdependsonmanydifferentfactors.Firstly,somepeoplenaturallyhavebettermemoriesthanothers,injustthesamewayassomepeoplearetallerthanothers,orhavedifferentcoloreyes.Sometopchessplayers,forexample,canremembereverymoveofeverygamethattheyhaveeverseenorplayed.
Secondly,researchshowsthatdifferentthingsarestoredindifferentpartsofthebrain.Ideas,words,andnumbersarestoredintheleft-handside,whiletheright-handsideremembersimages,sounds,andsmells.Inmostpeopleonesideofthebrainismoredevelopedthantheother,andthismayexplainwhysomepeoplecanrememberpeople'sfaceseasily,butcan'tremembertheirnames.
Thirdly,weallrememberexciting,frightening,ordramaticeventsmoreeasily.Thisisbecausetheseexperiencesproducechemicalssuchasadrenaline,whichboostyourmemory.TheysaythatanyonewhoisoldenoughtorememberknowsexactlywheretheywereonTuesday,September11,2001,whenradioandTVprogramsaroundtheworldwereinterruptedwiththeshockingnewsthatthetwintowersoftheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwerehit.
Fourthly,thecontextinwhichyoulearnsomethingcanaffecthowwellyourememberit.Testsondivers,forexample,showedthatwhentheylearnedthingsunderwater,theycouldalsorememberthosethingsbestwhentheywereunderwater.
Lastly,themoreoftenyourecallamemorythemorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Ifyoudon'tuseit,you'llloseit.Atelephonenumberthatyoudialfrequentlywillstayinyourmemoryeasily,butyouwillprobablyhavetowritedownonethatyouuseonlynowandagain.
Questions:
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?
2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
3.Whichofthefollowingisstatedtobetrue?
4.Whycanwerememberexciting,dramatic,orfrighteningeventsbetter?
SpekingTasks:
PairWorkA.Reflectiononthetext.
Memory,Ithink,isalmostasimportantasair,waterorsunshinetous.Withoutit,lifecannotgoon.Wewouldn'tbeabletodoanythingsincecompletinganytask,howeversimpleitmightbe,requiresustoremembercertainprocedures,norwouldwebeabletocommunicatewithpeopleaswewouldn'tbeabletorememberthewordstoexpressourideasorfeelings.
Forusstudents,Ithinkmemoryisparticularlyimportant.Ifwelosethefacultyofremembering,wewon'tbeabletolearnanythingsincelearningunavoidablyinvolvestheuseofmemory.Andifwecannotremembertheknowledgewehavelearned,what'sthepointoflearningitinthefirstplace?
Althougheveryoneisbornwiththecapacitytorememberthings,someofushavebettermemoriesthanothers.Therearepeoplewhoaresaidtohaveaphotographicmemoryandcanrememberanythingtheyhaveseenonlyonce.However,thoseofuswhohaveapoormemoryneedn'tpanic,fortherearewaystoimproveourmemories.Payingattention,associatingfactswithimages,visualizingimages,andrelaxingaresomeofthewaysthatIfindespeciallyeffective.Butthegreatsecrettokeepourmemorysharpistouseitasfrequentlyaspossible.
PairWorkB.Describinganunforgettableexperience.
Itwasanextremelyhotdayin1980.ThatnightmyroommateandIwenttobedearly.Allofasuddenwefeltthatthewholebuildingwasshaking."Itmustbeanearthquake,"criedmyroommate.Quicklysheputonherdressandhershoes.Onhearingwhatshesaid,Iwasfrightenedtodeathandmywholebodyfroze,unabletomove.Insteadofputtingonmyclothes,Ikeptcrying,"Pleasewaitforme!
Pleasedon'tleaveme!
"Iwassoafraidthatshemightignoremeandrunoutofthebuildingtofindasafeplaceforherself.ContrarytowhatIexpected,shereturned,standingbymybedsideandwaitingformepatiently.Shewatchedmeclumsilyputonmyblouseandtrousersandthenwewentdownstairstogether.
Oncewewereoutontheplayground,mypanicwasgoneandIwasabletothink.OnrecallingwhatIhadrequiredmyroommatetodo,Ifeltguilty.Noonecantellwhatmighthappennextduringanearthquake.Byaskinghertowaitforme,Imighthaveputherlifeindanger!
Shewastoosmartnottorealizethat,Ithink.Butshewaitedformeanyway.HowselfishIwas!
Thatearthquakeandthecourageousactofmyroommatehavealwaysstayedinmymind,longaftertheevent.
PartCAdditionalListening
TechniquestoHelpUsRememberBetter
Weallhaveproblemsrememberingthings,buttherearesometechniquesthatyoucanusetohelpyouremember.
Firstofall,rememberthenamesandjobsofthepeopleandwheretheycomefrom.Here,thebestthingistoimagineimagesofthepeopleandthenamesthatyouwanttoremember.Andyoushouldtrytothinkoffunnyimagesastheyareeasiertoremember.Forexample,wehaveTomthestudentfromAustralia.Well,forTomyoumightimagineatomato.ThenAustraliahasashapeabitlikeadog.Nowlet'simagineit'saverycleverdogandisstudying.SoimagineTom'sfaceasatomatoandhe'swithadogandthedogisreadingabook.SonowwehaveapictureofTomthestudentfromAustralia.
Nowlet'stakethenumbers.Thebestthingtodohereistobreakalargenumberupintosmallernumbersandthenthinkofthingsthatthenumbersremindyouof,suchasabirthday,aparticularyear,thenumberofahouse.Orwithanumberlike747youmightthinkofajumbojet--aBoeing747.
Withthedirections,thebestthingistoimagineyourselffollowingthedirections.Createapictureinyourmindofyourselfgoingdownthestreet.Counttheturnings1,2,...Thenturnleft.Nowimaginegoingpastasupermarketandacinemaandsoon.
Whenyouhavetorememberlistsofwords,trytobuildthemintoastory.Sowithourwordswemightstartwith,'Thesunwasshining,soIwentforawalk.Isawahorsewearingtrousers.Itwaskickingsomebananasoveratelevision.Thebananaslandedinabag.'Andsoon.Againthefunnierthestory,thebetter.
Trysomeofthesetechniquesandyou'llbeamazedatwhatyoucanremember.
Questions:
1.Howmanytechniquesarementionedinthetalk?
2.WhyshouldweimagineadoginordertorememberthatTomisfromAustralia?
3.Whatshouldwedotorememberalargenumber?
4.Howcanwerememberthedirectionstoacertainplace?
5.Howcanwerememberlistsofwords?
ASong
TheWayWeWere
Memorieslightthecornersofmymind
Mistywatercolormemoriesforthewaywewere.
Scatteredpicturesofthesmilesweleftbehind,
Smileswegavetooneanotherforthewaywewere.
Canitbethatitwasallsosimplethen,
Orhastimerewritteneveryline?
Ifwehadthechancetodoitallagain,
Tellme,wouldwe,couldwe?
Memoriesmaybebeautifulandyet
What'stoopain