车辆工程专业英语新能源汽车综述.docx

车辆工程专业英语新能源汽车综述.docx

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车辆工程专业英语新能源汽车综述

CharacteristicsandDevelopmentofSomeKindsofNewEnergyVehicles

Abstract

Nowtheglobalautomotiveindustryisfacingthechallengeofenergyandenvironment,anddevelopingnewenergyvehiclesbecomesmanyglobalautomotivegroups’ssameplan.Butnotallofvarioustypesofnewenergyvehicleswhichhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantagescanbecomethemostpromisingfuturevehicles.IwillintroducefeaturesanddevelopmentofPureElectricVehicles、HybridElectricVehicle（HEV）、FuelCellElectricVehicles（FCEV）、NaturalGasVehicles、HydrogenEngineVehiclesandDMEVehiclesEtc.Atlastwewillknowwhichkindofthenewenergyvehicleswillbecomemainstreaminthefutureofthecarbycomparing.

KeyWord:

NewEnergyVehiclesFuturecarsHybrid

Hybridcarsishybridelectricvehicleswhichusemorethanonekindofenergyprovidespowertodrivesthecar.Currentlyhybridcarsisthecombinationoftraditionalfossilfuelsenginandelectricmotor.

Themostprominentadvantageofhybridcarsisitsfueleconomy.Themaximumpoweroftheengincandeterminebytheaveragepower,sothattheengincanworkinlesspollutionandlowerfuelconsumptioncondition.Thatmakeshybridcarssave30%~50%fulecomparewithtraditionalcars,andsignificantlyreducingemissionsatthesametime.Energyrecoveringfrombrakingbecomeeasytoo.Buttheproblemofhybridcarisit’shighpriceandbasiclynofuelsavingatlongdistance、highspeeddriving.

Atpresent,China'shybridvehicletechnologydevelopmentfast,somemodelshavebeenintheperiodofpractical.TaketheRoewe750ofShanghaiAutomotiveGroupforexample,ithasalreadyonsale.Intheworldwild,ToyotaPriushybridcarfirstintroducedinJapanin1997,andtheothermajorautomobilecompanieshavelaunchedtheirownhybridproducts,suchastheHondaInsight,GMSaturnVUE,FordEscapeandsoon.Withtechnicalprogressandexpansionofproductionscale,thecosthasdroppedsignificantly.

Pureelectricvehiclesisdrivenbyelectricmotor,whichispoweredbycar-carrybattery,andmeettherequirementsoftrafficsafetyregulations.

Pureelectricvehicleusingarechargeablebattery,andthebasicstructureisnotcomplicated.Electricgeneratorsandcarbatteriesareoneofthekeycomponents,amongwhichthemostcriticalisbattery.Pureelectricvehiclesisnotanewcar,theelectriccarwasbornmorethan100years.Atthattimetheelectriccarbatterylifespanisshort,themileageisnothighalso.Thentheelectriccarisrelacedbytheincreasinglytechnologymatureinternalcombustionenginecar.Butinthe1970s,duetothestimulationofoilcrisis,allcountriesintheworldbegantolookforotherenergytoreplaceoil.Theelectriccarisbackinthelineofsightofpeople.Andinrecentyearsbesideshadtheproblemsofenergy,environmentalproblemhasbecomeasocialfocusonmajorissues.Againincreasedfocusonelectriccars.Nowthedifficultyofpromotepuerelectriccarcomesfromthepowerstoragetechnologies.Currently,energystorageinperunitweightofthebatteryisnotenoughforlong-termusing,thechargemileageisnotideal.Ontheotherhand,Thehigh-performancebatterylifespanisshort.Resultinginnotfromingeconomyscale,costofpureelectricvehicleistoohightocommercialoperation.

Nevertheless,pureelectricvehiclesarepromotedintheU.S.,Europe,Japaninsmall-scale,andmainlyuseingovernmentvehicle,citybusEtc.TheforerunnerofChina'selectriccarcompanyBYDlaunchedE6,andalsoexportedelectricbustoEurope.

Fuelcellelectricvehicleuseafuelcellaselectricsourcetosupplyelectricmotor,andthechemicalenergyoffuelisdirectlychangedintoelectricalenergybythecell.

Theenergyconversionefficiencyofthefuelcellis2to3timeshigherthaninternalcombustionengines,andfuelcellsdonotproduceharmfulchemicalreactionproductsandmakelowernoise.

Inrecentyears,althoughthedevelopmentoffuelcellvehiclestechnologyhasmadesignificantprogressintheworldwild,buttherearestillsometechnicalchallenges,suchastheintegrationoffuelcells,vehicleintegration,industrializationandcommercialization.Itisworthmentioningthatweareatthesamelevelwithdevelopedcountriesinthefieldoffuelcellelectricvehicleresearching.

Hydrogenenginevehiclepowerbytheenginwhichistransformfromtheexistingautomobileinternalcombustionengine.

Inadditiontothehydrogenenginecarhasthesameadvantagesoflesspollution,loweremissions,butalsohasotherspecialadvantages,suchaslowerrequirementsforhydrogen,highcombustionperformance,enginetechnologyismatureandsoon.Butnowhydrogenenginecarfacingwithproblemsofpreparationandstorageofliquidhydrogen.Abilitytoeffectivelysolvethesetwoproblemsinshorttimewilldeterminetheprospectsforthedevelopmentofhydrogenenginevehicles.

Naturalgasvehiclestousenaturalgasasfuel.Accordingtothechemicalcompositionandmorphologyofnaturalgas,itcanbeclassifiedasthreekindsofit,likeCompressedNaturalGas（CNG）,LiquefiedNaturalGas（LNG）andLiquefiedPetroleumGas.Becausenaturalgasvehiclesusingnaturalgasasfuel,soithassomefeaturelikelowpollution,lowcostandhighsecurity.Butnaturalgasvehicleshavelowerpowerperformance,noteasytocarrycomparedwithnormalvehicle.AndonceputintoLarge-scaleusing,wemustbuildtheappropriatestationandpipeline.Italsorelatestodesignurbanplanning,fundingandenvironmentalsafety,andmanyotherfactors,causingthehighcostofusingthiskindofvehicle.

Chinaisrichinnaturalgasresources,andnaturalgasvehicletechnologydevelopedrapidlyintheseyears.Forexample,sometaxiChangshauseCompressedNaturalGasengin.

Inadditiontotheabovenewenergyvehicles,aswellas，thereisalsoakindofvehicleusingorganicsubstance,suchasalcohol,etherasfueltopowerthecar.Ethanolfuelisethanolautomotivegasoline,ethanolvehicletechnologyisrelativelymature,thetraditionalinternalcombustionenginecanmodificationtoadapttodifferentethanolgasolinefuel.TherapiddevelopmentofethanolcarshappeninUnitedStates,Brazilandothercountriesthankstotherichethanolresources,whileChinaisstillinitsinitialstage.

DMEcaruseDMEasfuelofcompression-ignitionengine.Generallyusingintwoways:

Firstly,usingthedimethyletherasanignition-promotingsecondlydimethyletherusedasthedirectcombustionofliquidtogetpower.

DimethyletherautomobiletechnologyinChinahasmadeimportantprogress,suchasShanghaiautomotivegrouphassuccessfullydevelopedindimethylethercitybus,andbeganthetrialrun

Thankstointernalcombustionenginetechnologyisnowverymature,hybridcarsiseaseofusing,sustainability,reliabilityisbetterthanthatofothernewenergycars,butitsstillusegasoline,dieseloilasasourceofenergy,sothehybridvehiclecan'trepresentthefuturetypeofcar.Andbecausethepowercanbeobtainedfromavarietyofone-offenergy,donotworryaboutenergydraining,sopureelectricvehiclehasbroadapplicationprospects.Atthesametime,pureelectricvehicleshasnopollution,makeslowernoise,ishighefficiency.Theseadvantagesmakethistypeofelectriccarresearchandapplicationisbecomingahotspotofthecarindustry,andourcountryalsotakeelectricvehiclesasthemainorientationofautoindustrystrategictransformation.Fuelcellvehicles,withitsefficientgreencleaningandlifeadvantagetogettheattentionofmanycountriestocontinuouslyinvestdevotion,thereforethefuelcellcarwillalsobeimportantformofthecarsofthefuture.Forothertypesofnewenergyvehicles,becauseofthelimitationsoffuelsupplying,can'tbeusedinthelargescaleallovertheworld.Andthiskindofalternativefuelintheenginepowerperformance,corrosion,storageandtransportationdifficulties,suchasobviousshortcomings.Thiskindofnewenergyvehiclesmaywillbethefutureregionalautosupplementtype.

Comparingtheabovelistofvarioustypesofnewenergyvehicles,pureelectricvehicleswillbethemainstreamoffutureautomobiles,fuelcellvehicleswillactasanimportantcomponentinthefuture,andahybridcaristhetransitionmodelsbeforeexhaustingofpetrochemicalresources,othertypesofcarsaresupplementadjustmeasurestolocalconditions.Pureelectricvehiclesisthemostpromisingnewenergyvehicles,andisstronglysupportedbythestate.Nowsomeelectricvehiclesisusedintheurbanpublictransport,majoractivities.

Welookforwardtothecleantrafficearlyarrivaloftheera.

References

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国防工业书版社，2012

[2]石川宪二.新能源汽车技术及未来.康云龙，余开江译.北京：

科学出版社，2012

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[4]黄正桥.陈斌波：

电动汽车是未来汽车发展的方向.汽车之家网，2011

[5]Sperling,Daniel.TwoBillionCars:

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[7]ElectricVWUppricesrevealed.TopG，02December2013

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