专八人文知识讲义.docx
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专八人文知识讲义
UnitOneEnglishLiteratureandAmericanLiterature
SectionOneEnglishLiterature
1.TheRenaissanceisactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomeandGreekculture,newdiscoveryingeographyandastrologyandthereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.
2.ThePilgrim’sProgress(天路历程)isregardedasthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.
3.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,AlexanderPope(蒲柏)wasthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.
4.Generallyspeaking,theRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies,itsessenceishumanism.
5.In“Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,/Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”(Shakespeare,Sonnets18),“this”referstopoetry.
6.AboutRenaissance,a)humanismistheessence;b)Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismandReformation;c)TheElizabethandrama,initstotality,istherealstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
7.ItisGeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里﹒乔叟)alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishLiterature,presentedtousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.
8.Thesentence“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?
”isthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare’ssonnets.
9.ThereasonsforthatEdmundSpenser(斯宾塞)isfamousfor“thepoets’poet”areSpenser’sidealism,hisloveofbeautyandhisexquisitemelody.
10.Marlowe(马洛)gavenewvigortoblankversewithhis“mightylines”.
11.InShelly’s“ToaSkylark”,(雪莱,《云雀颂》)thebird,suspendedbetweenrealityandpoeticimage,poursforthanexultantsongwhichsuggeststothepoetbothcelestialraptureandhumanlimitation.
12.“Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,obscure,plain,andlittle,Iamsoullessandheartless?
…andifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeauty,andmuchwealth,IshouldhavemadeitAshardforyoutoleave,asitisnowformetoleaveyou.”TheabovequotedpassageismostprobablytakenfromJaneEyre.
13.Thesentences“andnowhestaredathersoearnestlythatIthoughttheveryintensityofhisgazewouldbringtearsintohiseyes;buttheyburnedwithanguish,theydidnotmelt”arefoundinWutheringHeightsbyEmilyBronte.
14.ThemosteminentdramatistsintheRenaissanceEnglandareChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeareandBenJonson(琼森).
15.DescriptionsabouttheNeoclassicalPeriod:
a)TheNeoclassicalPeriodispriortotheRomanticPeriod;b)HenryFielding(菲尔丁)isoneoftherepresentativesoftheNeoclassicalperiod;c)ThemodernEnglishnovelcameintobeingintheNeoclassicalperiod.
16.“Oprince,Ochiefofmythronedpowers,/Thatledth’embattledseparationtowar/Underthyconduct,andindreadfuldeeds/Fearless,endangeredHeaven’sperpetualking’.InthethirdlineoftheabovepassagequotedfromMilton’sParadiseLost,thephrase“thyconduct’referstoSatan’sconduct.
17.CommentsonWilliamBlake(布莱克):
a)ChildhoodiscentraltoBlake’sconcernintheSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience;b)Blake’sMarriageofHeavenandHellmarkshisentryintomaturity;c)Symbolisminwiderangeisadistinctivefeatureofhispoetry.
18.ItisgenerallyregardedthatKeat’s(济慈)mostimportantandmaturepoemsareintheformofode.
19.DanielDefoe’s(笛福《鲁宾逊漂流记》)novelsmainlyfocusonthestruggleoftheshipwreckedpersonsforsecurity.
20.IntheShepherdsCalendar,EdmundSpensertriedtoexpresshislamentsoverthelossofRosalind.
21.InBeowulf,(《贝尔武甫》)BeowulffoughtagainstthemonsterGrendelandafivebreathingdragon.
22.InSpenser’smasterpieceTheFaerieQueen,(《仙后》)hespeaksof12virtuesoftheprivategentleman.
23.FrancisBaconisbestknownforhisessayswhichgreatlyinfluencedthedevelopmentofthisliteraryform.
24.TheliteraryformofTheFaerieQueenisallegoricalpoem.
25.ThecharacteristicsofSpenser’spoetryareaperfectmelody,araresenseofbeautyandasplendidimagination.
26.MostofThomasHardy’snovelsaresetinWessex(威塞克斯),afictionalprimitiveregion.
27.WecanperhapsdescribethewestwindinShelly’spoemOdetotheWestWindasswift,proudandwild.
28.“Blindness”,“Partiality”,“Prejudice”and“Absurdity”inthenovelPrideandPrejudicearemostlikelythecharacteristicsofElizabeth.
29.ThemodernEnglishnovelcameintobeinginthemiddleofthe18thcentury.
30.IntermsofPrideandPrejudice,a)itisthemostpopularofJaneAusten’snovel;b)itisoriginallydraftedas“FirstImpressions’;c)Init,theauthorexplorestherelationshipbetweengreatloveandrealisticbenefits.
31.ChronologicallytheVictorianPeriodrefersto1836-1901.
32.Dickens’firstchildheroisOliverTwist.
33.