江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇届中考英语总复习专项练.docx
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江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇届中考英语总复习专项练
专题(十)非谓语动词
【学习目标】
1.掌握非谓语动词的形式及用法。
2.掌握非谓语动词的做题技巧。
3.能够熟练运用谓语动词,非谓语动词的相关知识完成中考题型:
“用所给动词的正确形式填空”。
【学生自学】
1.非谓语动词是指不定式、动名词,分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)
2.非谓语动词的特点:
三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。
它们都有各自的特征:
不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语,定语或状语。
动名词具有名词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
分词具有形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等。
【预习展示】
1.分析非谓语动词在句子中的成分:
主语
宾语
表语
宾补
定语
状语
不定式
动名词
分词
2.用动词的正确形式填空。
(1)__________________(climb)mountainsisinteresting.(主语)
(2)Hiswishis_____________(buy)anewcarinthenearfuture.(表语)
(3)Weoftenpractice______________(play)footballafterschool.(宾语)
(4)Myparentsdonotallowme___________(go)outafter6p.m.(宾补)
(5)Ihavesomethingimportant___________(tell)you.(定语)
(6)Sheranfast____________(catch)thefirstbus.(状语)
【教师精讲】
1、动词不定式:
动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除
谓语以外的其它任何成分。
(1)动词不定式作主语:
____________(Learn)Englishisveryimportant.
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It'snecessary____________(find)thewitness.
(2)动词不定式作宾语:
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,如,afford,pretend,agree,wish,fail,plan,prefer,happen,prepare,decide,learn,choose,hope,promise,want/wouldlike,refuse,decidelearn
Theboypromised_______________(notbe)lateforschoolagain.
(3)动词不定式作宾语补语
常见的用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask,get,allow,prefer,request,advise,help,recommend,remind,invite,intend,require,tell,like,order,warn,enable,need,encourage,want,teach,wish
Pleaseaskhim____________(come)herequickly.
Theteachertoldthestudents___________(notshout)inclass.
(4)动词不定式作表语
主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起解释说明作用
WhatIshoulddois___________(finish)thetasksoon..
Mypurposeis_____________(help)yousolveyourproblem.
(5)动词不定式作定语:
Therearemanyways___________(solve)theproblem.。
Ihavesomethingimportant____________(tell)you.
不定式作定语,应注意两种关系:
(1)动宾关系:
Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.(doalotofhomework)
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.(liveinaroom)
(2)主谓关系:
Sheisalwaysthelasttospeakatthemeeting.
(6)不定式作状语:
(1)原因
Heislucky_________(get)hereontime.
这种结构中常用的形容词有:
happy,glad,pleased,sorry,lucky,proud,angry
surprised,frightened,ready,clever
(2)目的
Hecame___________(help)mewithmymaths.
(3)结果
Ihurriedtogetthereonly__________(find)himout
(7)注意:
①动词不定式的否定形式:
not+
to+动词原形
Theteachertoldus_________(notswim)inthatriver.
It'sunfa
ir_______________(nottell)us.
②带疑问词的不定式:
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。
Where___________(go)isnotknownyet.
Idon'tknowwhen_____________(begin).
③不定式省略to的基本规律
a.在let,make,have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。
如:
Mymotherwouldn’tletme_________(go)tothefilm.
Idon’tlikemilk,butmotheroftenmakesme___________(drink)it.
b.在see,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch等感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式
须省略to。
Iwatchedher__________(get)intothecar.
Isawthewoman______________(enter)abank.
使役动词,感官动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式必须带to。
Thewomanwasseen____________(enter)abank.
c.在动词help后宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以省略to。
CanIhelpyou_______________(carry}thisheavybox?
d.whynot…?
之后的不定式省略to。
Whynot_________(ask)theteacher?
e.用作介词except,but宾语的不定式有时带to,有时不带to。
其大致原则是:
若
前面出现了实意动词do,其后的不定式不带to;若其前没有实意动词do,则其后
的不定式带to。
如:
Ihadnochoicebut_____________(wait).
Shecandoeverythingexcept_____
______(cook).
f.当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用to,其余
不定式前的to可以省略。
Hetoldmetostaythereandwaitforhim.
g.在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。
如:
IshallgoifIwantto.
Don’tgotillItellyouto.
h.若被省略的不定式为tobe短语,则通常应保留tobe。
如:
Heisnotthemanheusedtobe.
i.下列短语中的
to都是介词:
thanksto,devoteto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto
Wearelookingforwardto_____________(hear)fromyou.
2、动
名词
动名词是由动词原形+ing构成,在句中可作主语,宾语,表语和定语。
(1)动名词作主语:
_____________(talk)likethatisnotpolite.
_____________(learn)fromothersisimportant.
(2)动名词作表语:
Thenurse'sjobis___________(look)afterthepatients.
Seeingisbelieving.
如果主语是不定式,表语也用不定式。
Toseeistobelieve.
(3)动名词作宾语
有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是allow,advise,suggest,finish,enjoy,keep,practice,mind,dislike,consider等
Doyoumind
____________(open)thewindows?
(4)动名词作定语
Sheisstudyinginthe____________(read)room.
Hesleptinthe_______________(sleep)bag.
(5)注意:
(1)动名词的否定形式:
not+动名词
Hepretend_________________(notknow)itatall.
Weconsidered_______________(notdo)itnow.
(2)动词作宾语时主要用不定式和动名词,注意以下四种情况:
①只能接动名词的动词有:
consider,dislike,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,practice等.
②只能接不定式的动词有:
decide,hope,promise,refuse,agree等.
③能跟动名词和不定式意义无区别的动词有:
love,like,hate,begin,continue,start等
④下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别
forgettodo…忘记要做某事forgetdoing…忘记做了某事
remembertodo…记住要做某事rememberdoing…记着做了某事
meantodo…打算要做某事meandoing…意味着做了某事
trytodo…尽力去做某事trydoing…试着做某事
stoptodo…停下来去做(另一件事)stopdoing…停止做某事
goontodo…接着做(另外一件事)goondoing…继续做某事
(6)常见短语
havedifficulty/trouble/problemdoinghavefun/agoodtimedoing
can’thelpdoingbeworthdoingbeusedtodoing
3、分词
分词分为现在分词(动词+ing)过去分词(动词+ed),它在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作定语,表语,宾语补足语或状语。
(1)分词作定语;
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语则放在被修饰的名词之后,如被修饰的名词是something,anything,everything,nothing等,分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
Chinaisa____________(develop)country.
Thegirl________________(sing)forusistenyearsold.
现在分词作定语时和所修饰词之间是主谓关系,过去分词和所修饰词之间是动宾关系。
The__________(work)peoplehaveplayedagreatroleintheactivity.
Theboy___________(hurt)bythecarwassenttothehospital.
现在分词和动名词都可以作定语,和所修饰词有主谓关系的是分词,否则为动名词。
aswimminggirl游泳的女孩。
(分词)
aswimmingpool游泳的池子(动名词)
(2)分词作状语
Wearinganewpairofglasses,shecanreadeasily.
Toldbytheteacher,sheknewshewaswrong.
(3)分词作表语
Thestoryis___________(interest).
Weare____________(interest)incomputer.
(4)分词作宾语补足语
可以跟分词宾语补足语的动词有see,watch,hear,keep,find,have,get等词,和宾语是主谓关系宾补用现在分词,和宾语是动宾关系宾补用过去分词,
Iheardthem________(sing)inthenextroomat8:
00yesterdayevening.
Shehadherbike_________(repair).
【演练展示】
·直击中考·
()1.Remember______offthelightswhenyouleavetheroom,please.(2013黑龙江绥化)
A.toturn
B.turningC.turn
()2.Jessica'sparentsalwaysencourageher__________outheropinions.(2013辽宁鞍山)
A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.willspeak
()3.HewantstohavehisTV________.(2013黑龙江绥化)
A.repairingB.repairedC.torepair
()4.—I’mnewhere.(2013浙江舟山、嘉兴)
—Don’tworry.I’lldowhatIcan________you.
A.helpB.tohelpC.inviteD.toinvite
()5.Ialwaystellmystudents_____ontheroadbecauseit’sreallydangerous.(2013广东广州)
A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.notplay
()6.—Dad,whymustIstop______computergames?
(2013湖北孝感)
—Foryourhealth,myboy.
A.playB.toplayC.toplayingD.playing
()7.—Drivingless,walkingmoreisg
oodforourhealth.(2013湖北襄阳)
—SoI'dratheranhour'swalktoworkthanconsideracar.
A.take,driveB.take,todriveC.take,drivingD.taking,driving
()8.—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?
(2013山东济宁)
—Ihaven’tdecidedwhere________.
A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo
()9.—Howisyourgrandma?
(2013湖北黄冈)
—She’sfine.Sheusedto____TVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedto_____outforawalk.[
A.watch;goB.watching;goC.watching;goingD.watch;going
()10.Don’tthrowawaythewastepaper.Itneedssothatitcanbereused.
(2013江苏无锡)
A.todestroyB.destroyingC.tocollectD.collecting
()11.Paulmadeanicecage______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(2013江苏苏州)
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
()12.She’snotstrongenough_________walkingupmountains.(2013浙江杭州)
A.togoB.goingC.goD.went
()13.Ifoundaletter____onthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.(2013广东梅州)
A.lyingB.layC.lieD.lies
()14.OurEnglishteacheroftensaystous,“____Englishwellisveryimportant”(2013四川内江)
A.LearnB.LearningC.LearnedD.Tolearning
()15.—I’mlookingforwardto____myparentssoon.Whataboutyou?
(2013四川广安)
—Metoo.
A.seeingB.seeC.saw
()16.—WhyisLinlinpracticingspeakingEnglish?
(2013山东泰安)
—_______abroadforfurtherstudy.
A.GoB.GoneC.TogoD.Goes
()17.I'msleepy.Iprefer________athometogoingoutforawalk.(2013江苏徐州)
A.sleepingB.tosleepC.sleptD.sleep
()18.Attimes,parentsfinditdifficult________withtheirteenagechildren.(2013江苏淮安)
A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.totalk
()19.Hepromised______hisoldfriendduringhisstayinTianjin.(2013天津)
A.seeB.seeingC.sawD.tosee
()20.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______gettothenearestpostoffice?
—Sorry,Iamnewhere.(2013山东威海)
A.howcanIB.howIcouldC.howtoD.whatIcan
【当堂检测】
“动词的正确形式填空”做题技巧
1.确定确定动词的形式,动词为谓语动词,则考虑时态和语态。
2.确定正确的语态
根据主语与动作的关系确定语态,主语为动作的执行者,用主动语态;主语为动作的承受者,用被动语态。
3.确定正确的时态
(1)根据时间状语确定时态.时间状语与时态有着密切的关系.
(2)根据上下文来确定时态
(3)根据主从句的关系来确定时态.
(4)根据语言习惯来确定时态
4.确定动词的非谓语形式,动词在句子中担当除谓语以外其他成分,则根据动词用法考虑使用动词不定式,动名词或是分词。
用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空,使短文完整。
(6分)Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this________(do), they cooked a meal over
an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelled good.
Afterawonderfulmeal,theytoldstories and sang songs by the campfire.Butsometimelateritbegan _______( rain). The boys felt tired so t
hey put out the fire and _________(go) into their
tent. Their___________( sleep) bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly