江苏专用版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练1516牛津译林版.docx
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江苏专用版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练1516牛津译林版
课时提能练15-16
课时提能练(十五)
Book3 Unit2 Language
课时作业A:
基础层面
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It'snotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethemwithsnacks.
2.Occupying(occupy)herselfwithroutinetasks,shehadnotimetoattendtoherchildren.
3.Herosefromhisseatandansweredthequestionraised(raise)bytheteacher.
4.Allofasudden,hestooddirectly,representing(represent)hisideastothepeoplepresentatthemeeting.
5.Welistenedtothenewswithamixture(mix)ofsurpriseandhorror.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
Englishhasmanydifficultrules1.that/whichconfusepeople.Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury,peopleinBritainallspokeCeltic.Thentwo2.Germanic(German)groupsfromtheEuropeanmainlandandtheVikingsfromNorthernEuropeancountries3.invaded(invade)Britain.Theybroughtwiththemtheirlanguages,4.whicharealsomixedwithOldEnglish.Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglish5.had_become(become)theofficiallanguageofEngland.6.AftertheNormansconqueredEngland,FrenchwasspokeninthiscountrytogetherwithEnglish,7.resulting(result)inevenmorewordswithsimilarmeanings.
ModernEnglishincludesmanyLatinandGreekwords.8.Pronunciation(pronounce)alsowentthroughhugechanges.9.Itiscertainthatthisprocesswillcontinue,andpeoplewillkeep10.inventing(invent)newwordsandnewwaysofsayingthings.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.据我所知,该风俗为中国独有。
AsfarasIknow,thiscustomis_unique_to_China.
2.有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。
Somepeoplewastefoodwhile_others_don't_have_enough.
3.是你们的而不是我们的决定使他卷入这个事件中。
Itwasyourdecisionratherthanoursthatled_to/contributed_tohisbeinginvolvedinthematter.
4.在课堂上,老师永远不会被电脑取代。
Teacherswillneverbe_replaced_by_computersintheclassroom.
5.科学研究对人类非常有益。
Scientificresearchis_of_great__benefit/very_beneficial_tomankind.
课时作业B:
能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic.
Theexpertsbelievethemachineshouldbeabletocollecthalfofthedetritusinthepatch—about40,000metrictons—withinfiveyears.Inthepastfewweekstheyhavebeenbusyweldingtogethergianttubesthatwillsitonthesurfaceoftheseaandformtheskeletonofthemachine,creatingthelargestfloatingbarrierevermade.
Thesystem,originallydreamtupbyMr.Slat,willbeshippedoutthissummertotheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,betweenHawaiiandCalifornia,whichcontainsestimated1.8trillionpiecesofplastic.Itwillbethefirsteverattempttotacklethepatchsinceitwasdiscoveredin1997.
Mr.Slatwas16andstillatschoolwhenhewasdivinginGreeceandfirstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea.“Thereweremorebagsthanfishdownthere,”herecalls.Twoyearslaterhecameupwithasolution,quituniversityaftersixmonthsandsetupTheOceanCleanupasacompany.Mr.Slatsaysthefirstplastictoarriveonshorewillbeamajormilestone.“Weashumanitycreatedthisproblem,soIthinkit'salsoourresponsibilitytohelpsolveit,”hesays.
TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)coversanareaof1.6millionsquarekilometersandcontainsatleast79,000tonsofplastic,researchfoundlastmonth.Mostofitismadeupof“ghostgear”—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.
Ghostgearkillsmorethan100,000whales,dolphinsandsealseachyear,accordingtoscientificsurveys.Seabirdsandothermarinelifeareincreasinglybeingfounddeadwithstomachsfullofsmallpiecesofplastic.Creatureseatplasticdiscardedintheseathinkingit'sfoodbutthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.Othersaretrappedanddieofstarvationorarestrangledorsuffocatedbyghostgear.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?
A.Waste. B.Ocean.
C.System.D.Machine.
A [词义猜测题。
根据第二段画线词前的“collecthalfof”和第四段第一句中的“firstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea”和第五段最后一句中的“partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels”可推知,画线词的意思是“垃圾”。
故选A。
]
2.WhichonemakesupmostofthegarbageinPacificfromthepassage?
A.Fishingvessels.
B.Dolphinsandseals.
C.Gianttubes.
D.Abandonedfishinggear.
D [细节理解题。
根据第五段最后一句“Mostofitismadeupof‘ghostgear’—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels”可知,太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。
]
3.WhydosomecreaturesinTheGreatPacificGarbagePatchdieofstarvation?
A.Becausetheyarekilledbyghostgear.
B.Becausetheyaresuffocatedbyghostgear.
C.Becausetheydon'tlikeeatingplastic.
D.Becausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.
D [细节理解题。
根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“butthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly”可知,大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。
]
4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Areportaboutthedeathofmarinelife.
B.Newsaboutthefirstmachinetocleanupoceanplastic.
C.Informationaboutoceanplastic.
D.Thereasonforinventingamachine.
B [主旨大意题。
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。
第一段“Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic”点明了文章的主题。
故选B。
]
B
(2019·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Classifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample,wehavetodetectspammail(垃圾邮件),falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI,suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn,usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample,“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface,and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned,thecomputercandeterminewhethercertaindataarepositiveornegative.
However,thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess,andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance,whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase,theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata),butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata),sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors'data.
AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP,“Previousclassificationmethodscouldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable,butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata,aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata,constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournew_method,wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”
AccordingtoIshida,“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhereclassificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactivelyused,ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints(限制).Inthenearfuture,wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields,suchasnaturallanguageprocessing,computervision,robotics,andbioinformatics.”
【语篇解读】 分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。
然而在分类技术机器学习过程中,分类既需要积极的数据,也需要消极的数据;而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。
现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。
5.Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromthenegativedata?
A.Bylearningtheclassificationboundary.
B.Byupdatingthedatacollectedregularly.
C.Byseparatinghappyfacesandsadones.
D.Byintroducingclassificationtechnology.
A [细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句“Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned,thecomputercandeterminewhethercertaindataarepositiveornegative”可知,一旦学习了分类边界,计算机就可以确定某些数据是积极的还是消极的,由此可知,计算机是通过学习分类边界来区分积极数据和消极数据的。
]
6.WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?
A.Toprovehowimportantthepositivedataare.
B.Toconfirmthatdataoncustomersarecomplete.
C.Toarguethatretailersgettheircompetitors'data.
D.Toexplainwhynegativedataarehardtoacquire.
D [细节理解题。
根据文章的第二段,尤其是第一句“However,thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess,andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases”可知,在学习过程中,它既需要积极的数据,也需要消极的数据,而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的,进而后面举例说明解释了为什么消极的数据很难获得。
]
7.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“newmethod”inParagraph3referto?
A.Analyzingbuyingintention.
B.Buildingaconfidencescore.
C.Assessingtheactiverateofappusers.
D.Equippingthecomputerwithconfidence.
B [推理判断题。
根据文章的第三段,尤其是画线词组前一句中的“butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata,aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata,constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers”可推知,画线词组所在句表示使用这种建立信心指数的新方法,我们就可以让电脑只用积极的数据来学习,故画线词组是指建立信心指数。
]
8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.TheHistoryofClassificationTechnology
B.SmarterAI:
MachineLearningWithoutNegativeData
C.BiggerData:
ComputersAssistingLanguageProcessing
D.TheComparisonbetweenPositiveDataandNegativeData
B [标题归纳题。
通读全文可知,分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。
然而在分类技术机器学习过程中,分类既需要积极的数据,也需要消极的数据,而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。
现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。
]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·福建省质量检查测试)Everyyear,thefifthgradersatBrookstoneElementarySchoolwentonafieldtriptoWashington,D.C.Terence__1__theexcitingtrip,andwas__2__togothenextyear.
Terenceaskedhisparents__3__iftheywouldpayforhalfofthetripifheearnedtheotherhalfofthemoneyhimself.Hisparents__4__.Hehadalmostayeartoearn$150.Hisfirst__5__wastoearnmoneybybabysitting,andhetypedaniceletter__6__that“hewouldbabysitduringhisneighbors'__7__”.Henamedafewafternoonsavailableandsaidhewould__8__$1perhourperchild.Afterfivebabysitting__9__,heearned$45.
Whenthe__10__weath