江苏专用版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练1516牛津译林版.docx

江苏专用版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练1516牛津译林版.docx

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江苏专用版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练1516牛津译林版

课时提能练15-16

课时提能练（十五）

Book3　Unit2　Language

课时作业A：

基础层面

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It'snotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethemwithsnacks.

2．Occupying（occupy）herselfwithroutinetasks，shehadnotimetoattendtoherchildren.

3．Herosefromhisseatandansweredthequestionraised（raise）bytheteacher.

4．Allofasudden，hestooddirectly，representing（represent）hisideastothepeoplepresentatthemeeting.

5．Welistenedtothenewswithamixture（mix）ofsurpriseandhorror.

Ⅱ.语境语法填空

Englishhasmanydifficultrules1.that/whichconfusepeople.Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury，peopleinBritainallspokeCeltic.Thentwo2.Germanic（German）groupsfromtheEuropeanmainlandandtheVikingsfromNorthernEuropeancountries3.invaded（invade）Britain.Theybroughtwiththemtheirlanguages，4.whicharealsomixedwithOldEnglish.Bythe10thcentury，OldEnglish5.had_become（become）theofficiallanguageofEngland.6.AftertheNormansconqueredEngland，FrenchwasspokeninthiscountrytogetherwithEnglish，7.resulting（result）inevenmorewordswithsimilarmeanings.

ModernEnglishincludesmanyLatinandGreekwords.8.Pronunciation（pronounce）alsowentthroughhugechanges.9.Itiscertainthatthisprocesswillcontinue，andpeoplewillkeep10.inventing（invent）newwordsandnewwaysofsayingthings.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．据我所知，该风俗为中国独有。

AsfarasIknow，thiscustomis_unique_to_China.

2．有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。

Somepeoplewastefoodwhile_others_don't_have_enough.

3．是你们的而不是我们的决定使他卷入这个事件中。

Itwasyourdecisionratherthanoursthatled_to/contributed_tohisbeinginvolvedinthematter.

4．在课堂上，老师永远不会被电脑取代。

Teacherswillneverbe_replaced_by_computersintheclassroom.

5．科学研究对人类非常有益。

Scientificresearchis_of_great__benefit/very_beneficial_tomankind.

课时作业B：

能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测）Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic.

Theexpertsbelievethemachineshouldbeabletocollecthalfofthedetritusinthepatch—about40,000metrictons—withinfiveyears.Inthepastfewweekstheyhavebeenbusyweldingtogethergianttubesthatwillsitonthesurfaceoftheseaandformtheskeletonofthemachine，creatingthelargestfloatingbarrierevermade.

Thesystem，originallydreamtupbyMr.Slat，willbeshippedoutthissummertotheGreatPacificGarbagePatch，betweenHawaiiandCalifornia，whichcontainsestimated1.8trillionpiecesofplastic.Itwillbethefirsteverattempttotacklethepatchsinceitwasdiscoveredin1997.

Mr.Slatwas16andstillatschoolwhenhewasdivinginGreeceandfirstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea.“Thereweremorebagsthanfishdownthere，”herecalls.Twoyearslaterhecameupwithasolution，quituniversityaftersixmonthsandsetupTheOceanCleanupasacompany.Mr.Slatsaysthefirstplastictoarriveonshorewillbeamajormilestone.“Weashumanitycreatedthisproblem，soIthinkit'salsoourresponsibilitytohelpsolveit，”hesays.

TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch（GPGP）coversanareaof1.6millionsquarekilometersandcontainsatleast79,000tonsofplastic，researchfoundlastmonth.Mostofitismadeupof“ghostgear”—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear，suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.

Ghostgearkillsmorethan100,000whales，dolphinsandsealseachyear，accordingtoscientificsurveys.Seabirdsandothermarinelifeareincreasinglybeingfounddeadwithstomachsfullofsmallpiecesofplastic.Creatureseatplasticdiscardedintheseathinkingit'sfoodbutthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.Othersaretrappedanddieofstarvationorarestrangledorsuffocatedbyghostgear.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?

A．Waste.　　　　　　　　B．Ocean.

C．System.D．Machine.

A　[词义猜测题。

根据第二段画线词前的“collecthalfof”和第四段第一句中的“firstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea”和第五段最后一句中的“partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear，suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。

故选A。

]

2．WhichonemakesupmostofthegarbageinPacificfromthepassage?

A．Fishingvessels.

B．Dolphinsandseals.

C．Gianttubes.

D．Abandonedfishinggear.

D　[细节理解题。

根据第五段最后一句“Mostofitismadeupof‘ghostgear’—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear，suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。

]

3．WhydosomecreaturesinTheGreatPacificGarbagePatchdieofstarvation?

A．Becausetheyarekilledbyghostgear.

B．Becausetheyaresuffocatedbyghostgear.

C．Becausetheydon'tlikeeatingplastic.

D．Becausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.

D　[细节理解题。

根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“butthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly”可知，大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。

]

4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Areportaboutthedeathofmarinelife.

B．Newsaboutthefirstmachinetocleanupoceanplastic.

C．Informationaboutoceanplastic.

D．Thereasonforinventingamachine.

B　[主旨大意题。

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。

第一段“Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic”点明了文章的主题。

故选B。

]

B

（2019·合肥市第二次教学质量检测）Classifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample，wehavetodetectspammail（垃圾邮件），falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI，suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn，usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample，“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface，and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned，thecomputercandeterminewhethercertaindataarepositiveornegative.

However，thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess，andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance，whenaretailer（零售商）istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase，theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem（positivedata），butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem（negativedata），sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors'data.

AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP，“Previousclassificationmethodscouldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable，butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournew_method，wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”

AccordingtoIshida，“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhereclassificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactivelyused，ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints（限制）．Inthenearfuture，wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields，suchasnaturallanguageprocessing，computervision，robotics，andbioinformatics.”

【语篇解读】　分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。

然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据；而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。

现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。

5．Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromthenegativedata?

A．Bylearningtheclassificationboundary.

B．Byupdatingthedatacollectedregularly.

C．Byseparatinghappyfacesandsadones.

D．Byintroducingclassificationtechnology.

A　[细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned，thecomputercandeterminewhethercertaindataarepositiveornegative”可知，一旦学习了分类边界，计算机就可以确定某些数据是积极的还是消极的，由此可知，计算机是通过学习分类边界来区分积极数据和消极数据的。

]

6．WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?

A．Toprovehowimportantthepositivedataare.

B．Toconfirmthatdataoncustomersarecomplete.

C．Toarguethatretailersgettheircompetitors'data.

D．Toexplainwhynegativedataarehardtoacquire.

D　[细节理解题。

根据文章的第二段，尤其是第一句“However，thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess，andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases”可知，在学习过程中，它既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的，进而后面举例说明解释了为什么消极的数据很难获得。

]

7．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“newmethod”inParagraph3referto?

A．Analyzingbuyingintention.

B．Buildingaconfidencescore.

C．Assessingtheactiverateofappusers.

D．Equippingthecomputerwithconfidence.

B　[推理判断题。

根据文章的第三段，尤其是画线词组前一句中的“butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers”可推知，画线词组所在句表示使用这种建立信心指数的新方法，我们就可以让电脑只用积极的数据来学习，故画线词组是指建立信心指数。

]

8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．TheHistoryofClassificationTechnology

B．SmarterAI:

MachineLearningWithoutNegativeData

C．BiggerData:

ComputersAssistingLanguageProcessing

D．TheComparisonbetweenPositiveDataandNegativeData

B　[标题归纳题。

通读全文可知，分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。

然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。

现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。

]

Ⅱ.完形填空

（2019·福建省质量检查测试）Everyyear，thefifthgradersatBrookstoneElementarySchoolwentonafieldtriptoWashington，D.C.Terence__1__theexcitingtrip，andwas__2__togothenextyear.

Terenceaskedhisparents__3__iftheywouldpayforhalfofthetripifheearnedtheotherhalfofthemoneyhimself.Hisparents__4__.Hehadalmostayeartoearn$150.Hisfirst__5__wastoearnmoneybybabysitting，andhetypedaniceletter__6__that“hewouldbabysitduringhisneighbors'__7__”．Henamedafewafternoonsavailableandsaidhewould__8__$1perhourperchild.Afterfivebabysitting__9__，heearned$45.

Whenthe__10__weath