初中定语从句讲解练习及答案.docx
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初中定语从句讲解练习及答案
一、定义：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如：
1）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2）YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who（宾格who,所有格whose）和关系副词where,when、why
关系词常有三个作用：
1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
（1）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
（2）YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
（1）Mr.Liuistheperson（whom）youtalkedabout.
注意：
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
（3）Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
（1）Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.（which在句子中做主语）
（2）Thisisthepen（which）heboughtyesterday.（which在句子中做宾语）
4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
（5）Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.（在句子中做主语）
（6）Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
（在句子中做宾语）
5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
（1）Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
（2）Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
（3）Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
（5）Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
注：
that用法
（1）不用that的情况
（a）在引导非限定性定语从句时。
（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.
（b）介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
（2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
（a）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。
（b）在不定代词，如：
anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
（c）先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。
（d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。
.
（e）先行词既有人，又有物时。
（f）先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
（g）为了避免重复．
（h）先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略
（i）主句的主语是疑问词who/which时
举例：
Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词关系副词：
在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which（介词同先行词搭配）
when=during/on/in/...which（介词同先行词搭配）
1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
（1）ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
（2）ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
2.when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
（1）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
（2）Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。
每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。
3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
（1）Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
（2）Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意：
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
（1）Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
（2）Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
注：
1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。
ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.
Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.
练习
（一）
请分析一下定语从句：
（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）
1. CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.
2. AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.
3. Youcouldn’tunderstandthepeoplewhotalkedfast.
4. Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
5. Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.
6. Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?
8. HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.
9. MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.
10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?
12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.
13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.
14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.
15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.
二、用关系代词填空：
that、which、who、whom、whose
1. Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.
2. Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.
3. Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.
4. Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.
5. Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.
6. Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.
7. Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.
8. Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.
9. Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.
10. Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.
11. Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.
12. Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
13. Thisisashirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.
14. Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.
15. Thebook__________isonthetableismine.
16. Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.
17. Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.
18. Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?
19. Showmetheboy__________motherisawell-knownsinger.
20. Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.
三、单项选择
（）1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose
（）2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.
A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningto
C.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening
（）3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.
A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything
（）4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.
A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which
（）5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat
（）6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
（）7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?
A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalk
C.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk
（）8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.
A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its
（）9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?
A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit
（）10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.
A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that
练习
（二）
1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.
A.which B.what C.as D.those
5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthat
6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhich B.onthat C.inwhich D.ofwhat
7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..
A.howyouhaveobserved B.whatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobserved D.howthatyouhaveobserved
8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.
A.because B.why C.that D.whether
9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.
A.allwhich B.that C.allthat D.which
10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.
A.whose B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich
12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.
A.which B.it C.that D.what
13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.which B.whom C.who D.that
14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.
A.whoissinging B.issinging C.sang D.wassinging
15.Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
A.learn B.who C.thatlearns D.wholearn
16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.
A.that againsts B.that against C.whoisagainst D.whoareagainst
17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?
A.Inoddedjustnow B.whomInoddedjustnow
C.Inoddedtohimjustnow D.Inoddedtojustnow
18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?
A.thatyoutalked B.youtalkedaboutit
C.whichyoutalkedwith D.youtalkedabout
19.Isthereanything_______toyou?
A.thatisbelonged B.thatbelongs C.thatbelong D.whichbelongs
20.----Howdoyoulikethebook?
----It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.
A.that B.which C.theone D.theonewhat
21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.
A.theones B.ones C.some D.theothers
22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.
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