初中定语从句讲解练习及答案.docx
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初中定语从句讲解练习及答案
一、定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:
1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why
关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
注:
that用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b)在不定代词,如:
anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。
.
(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g)为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时
举例:
Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词关系副词:
在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
1.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
2.when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。
每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。
3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意:
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
注:
1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。
ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.
Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.
练习
(一)
请分析一下定语从句:
(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)
1. CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.
2. AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.
3. Youcouldn’tunderstandthepeoplewhotalkedfast.
4. Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
5. Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.
6. Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?
8. HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.
9. MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.
10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?
12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.
13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.
14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.
15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.
二、用关系代词填空:
that、which、who、whom、whose
1. Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.
2. Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.
3. Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.
4. Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.
5. Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.
6. Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.
7. Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.
8. Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.
9. Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.
10. Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.
11. Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.
12. Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
13. Thisisashirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.
14. Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.
15. Thebook__________isonthetableismine.
16. Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.
17. Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.
18. Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?
19. Showmetheboy__________motherisawell-knownsinger.
20. Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.
三、单项选择
()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose
()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.
A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningto
C.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening
()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.
A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything
()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.
A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which
()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat
()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?
A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalk
C.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk
()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.
A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its
()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?
A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit
()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.
A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that
练习
(二)
1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.
A.which B.what C.as D.those
5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthat
6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhich B.onthat C.inwhich D.ofwhat
7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..
A.howyouhaveobserved B.whatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobserved D.howthatyouhaveobserved
8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.
A.because B.why C.that D.whether
9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.
A.allwhich B.that C.allthat D.which
10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.
A.whose B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich
12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.
A.which B.it C.that D.what
13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.which B.whom C.who D.that
14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.
A.whoissinging B.issinging C.sang D.wassinging
15.Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
A.learn B.who C.thatlearns D.wholearn
16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.
A.that againsts B.that against C.whoisagainst D.whoareagainst
17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?
A.Inoddedjustnow B.whomInoddedjustnow
C.Inoddedtohimjustnow D.Inoddedtojustnow
18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?
A.thatyoutalked B.youtalkedaboutit
C.whichyoutalkedwith D.youtalkedabout
19.Isthereanything_______toyou?
A.thatisbelonged B.thatbelongs C.thatbelong D.whichbelongs
20.----Howdoyoulikethebook?
----It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.
A.that B.which C.theone D.theonewhat
21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.
A.theones B.ones C.some D.theothers
22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.